Editing Puppet state (section)

==World War II==
===Imperial Japan===
{{Further|Axis powers of World War II|Collaboration with Imperial Japan|List of World War II puppet states}}
During [[Empire of Japan|Japan's imperial period]], and particularly during the [[Pacific War]] (parts of which are considered the Pacific theatre of [[World War II]]), the Imperial Japanese government established a number of dependent states.

====Nominally sovereign states====
[[File:Manchukuo map 1939.svg|thumb|Location of [[Manchukuo]] (red) within [[Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere|Imperial Japan's sphere of influence]]]]
[[File:Wang Jingwei and Nazis.jpg|thumb|[[Wang Jingwei]] receiving German diplomats as head of state of the [[Wang Jingwei regime|Reorganised Nationalist Government of the Republic of China]] in 1941]]
* {{Flagicon|Azad Hind}} ''[[Azad Hind]]'' (1943–1945), officially known as Provisional Government of Free India – established by Indian nationalists in [[Japanese occupation of Singapore|Singapore]] in October 1943 by [[Subhas Chandra Bose]] and was in charge of Indian expatriates and military personnel in Japanese Southeast Asia. It had nominal sovereignty over Axis controlled Indian territories and would enjoy the prospective control of Indian territory to be captured in a [[Operation U-Go|future invasion]] of British India. Of the territory of post-independence India, the government took charge of [[Kohima]] (after it fell to the Japanese-INA offensive), parts of [[Manipur]] that fell to both the [[Fifteenth Army (Japan)|Japanese 15th Army]] and the INA, and the [[Andaman and Nicobar Islands]]. The government had diplomatic relationships with eleven countries including Germany, Italy, Japan, Philippines, and the Soviet Union. It was headed by Subhas Chandra Bose, who was the Head of the State and Prime Minister, who was also the Supreme Commander of the [[Indian National Army]]. The government had its own cabinet and banks. 
* {{Flagicon|State of Burma}} [[State of Burma]] (1942–1945) – Head of State: [[Ba Maw]]
* {{Flagicon|Second Philippine Republic}} [[Second Philippine Republic]] (1943–1945) – Headed by [[Jose P. Laurel]] as [[President of the Philippines|President]]
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of the Empire of Vietnam (1945).svg}} [[Empire of Vietnam]] (1945) – Emperor [[Bảo Đại]]'s regime with [[Trần Trọng Kim]] as Prime Minister after proclaiming independence from France
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of Cambodia under French protection.svg}} [[Kingdom of Kampuchea (1945)]] – King [[Norodom Sihanouk]]'s regime with [[Son Ngoc Thanh]] as Prime Minister after proclaiming independence from France
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of Luang Phrabang Kingdom (1945).png}} [[Kingdom of Luang Prabang (Japanese puppet state)|Kingdom of Luang Prabang]] (1945) – King [[Sisavang Vong]]'s regime with Prince [[Phetsarath Ratanavongsa|Phetsarath]] as Prime Minister after proclaiming independence from France

===== In China =====
* {{Flagicon|Manchukuo}} [[Manchukuo]] (1932–1945) – Set up in [[Manchuria]] under the leadership of the last [[Emperor of China|Chinese Emperor]], [[Puyi]]<ref>Jowett, Phillip S., ''Rays of The Rising Sun, Armed Forces of Japan’s Asian Allies 1931–45, Volume I: China & Manchuria,'' 2004. Helion & Co. Ltd., 26 Willow Rd., Solihull, West Midlands, England, pp. 7–36.</ref>
* {{Flagicon image|Flag_of_Jinbei.svg}} [[North Shanxi Autonomous Government]] (1937–1939) – Formed in northern Shanxi with its capital at [[Datong]] on October 15, 1937. The state was then merged into Mengjiang along with the South Chahar Autonomous Government and the [[Mongol United Autonomous Government]].
* {{Flagicon image|Flag_of_Chanan.svg}} [[South Chahar Autonomous Government]] (1937–1939) – Formed in South Chahar with its capital at Kalgan (modern day [[Zhangjiakou]]) on September 4, 1937. The state was merged with the North Shanxi Autonomous Government as well as the Mongol United Autonomous Government to create Mengjiang.
* {{Flagicon image|Flag_of_Mongol_Military_Government_(1936-1937).svg}} Mongol Military Government (1936–1937) and Mongol United Autonomous Government (1937–1939) – Established in Inner Mongolia as puppet states with local collaborators. This state formed the large basis of what was to become Mengjiang.
* {{Flagicon|Mengjiang}} [[Mengjiang]] (1936–1945) – Set up in [[Inner Mongolia]] on May 12, 1936, as the Mongol Military Government was renamed in October 1937 as the Mongol United Autonomous Government. On September 1, 1939, the predominantly [[Han Chinese]] governments of the South Chahar and North Shanxi Autonomous Governments were merged with the Mongol Autonomous Government, creating the new Mengjiang United Autonomous Government. All of these were headed by [[Demchugdongrub|De Wang]].<ref>Jowett, Phillip S., ''Rays of The Rising Sun, Armed Forces of Japan’s Asian Allies 1931–45, Volume I: China & Manchuria,'' 2004. Helion & Co. Ltd., 26 Willow Rd., Solihull, West Midlands, England, pp. 49–57, 88–89.</ref>
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of China (1912–1928).svg}} [[East Hebei Autonomous Government|East Hebei Autonomous Council]] (1935–1938) – A state in [[northeast China]]
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of the Great Way Municipal Government of Shanghai.svg}} [[Great Way Government|Great Way (Dadao) Government]] (1937–1938) – A short-lived regime based in [[Shanghai]]. This provisional government was established as a preliminary collaboration state as the Japanese took control of all of Shanghai and advanced towards [[Nanjing]]. This was then merged with the Reformed Government of China as well as the Provisional Government of China into the Reorganised Nationalist Government of the Republic of China under the leadership of [[Wang Jingwei]].
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of China (1912–1928).svg}} [[Reformed Government of the Republic of China]] (1938–1940) – First regime established in Nanjing after the [[Battle of Nanking|Battle of Nanjing]]. Later fused into the Provisional Government of China
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of China (1912–1928).svg}} [[Provisional Government of the Republic of China (1937–1940)|Provisional Government of China]] (1937–1940) – Incorporated into the Nanjing Nationalist Government on March 30, 1940<ref>Jowett, Phillip S., ''Rays of The Rising Sun, Armed Forces of Japan’s Asian Allies 1931–45, Volume I: China & Manchuria,'' 2004. Helion & Co. Ltd., 26 Willow Rd., Solihull, West Midlands, England, pp. 44–47, 85–87.</ref>
* [[File:Flag of the Republic of China-Nanjing (Peace, Anti-Communism, National Construction).svg|23px]] [[Wang Jingwei regime|Reorganised Nationalist Government of the Republic of China]] (1940–1945) – Established in Nanjing under the leadership of Wang Jingwei<ref>Jowett, Phillip S., ''Rays of The Rising Sun, Armed Forces of Japan’s Asian Allies 1931–45, Volume I: China & Manchuria,'' 2004. Helion & Co. Ltd., 26 Willow Rd., Solihull, West Midlands, England, pp. 63–89.</ref>

===Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy===
{{Further|Axis powers of World War II|Collaboration with Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy}}
[[File:World War II in Europe, 1942.svg|thumb|[[German-occupied Europe]] at the height of the Axis conquests in 1942]]
Several European governments under the domination of [[Nazi Germany|Germany]] and [[Fascist Italy|Italy]] during World War II have been described as "puppet régimes". The formal means of control in [[German-occupied Europe|occupied Europe]] varied greatly. These states fall into several categories.

====Existing states in alliance with Germany and Italy====
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of Hungary (1915-1918, 1919-1946).svg}} Hungarian [[Government of National Unity (Hungary)|Government of National Unity]] (1944–1945) – The pro-Nazi regime of Prime Minister [[Ferenc Szálasi]] supported by the pro-German, antisemitic fascist [[Arrow Cross Party]] was a German puppet regime. Szálasi was installed by the Germans after [[Adolf Hitler]] launched [[Operation Panzerfaust]] and had the Hungarian Regent, Admiral [[Miklós Horthy]], removed and placed under house arrest. Horthy was forced to abdicate in favor of Szálasi. Szálasi fought on even after [[Siege of Budapest|Budapest fell]] and Hungary was completely overrun.

====Existing states under German or Italian rule====
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of Albania (1943–1944).svg}} [[German occupation of Albania|Albania under Nazi Germany]] (1943–1944) – The Kingdom of Albania was an Italian [[protectorate]] and puppet regime. Italy invaded Albania in 1939 and ended the rule of [[Zog I of Albania|King Zog I]]. King [[Victor Emmanuel III|Victor Emmanuel III of Italy]] added King of Albania to his titles and Zog was exiled. King Victor Emmanuel and [[Shefqet Vërlaci|Shefqet Bej Verlaci]], Albanian Prime Minister and Head of State, controlled the Italian protectorate. Verlaci was replaced by [[Mustafa Merlika-Kruja|Mustafa Merlika Kruja]] on December 3, 1941. The Germans occupied Albania when Italy exited the war in 1943 and [[Ibrahim Biçakçiu|Ibrahim Bej Biçaku]], [[Mehdi Frashëri|Mehdi Bej Frashëri]], and [[Rexhep Mitrovica|Rexhep Bej Mitrovica]] became successive Prime Minister under the Nazis.
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of Philippe_Pétain,_Chief_of_State_of_Vichy_France.svg}} [[Vichy France]] (1940–1942/4) – The Vichy French regime of [[Philippe Pétain]] had limited autonomy from 1940 to 1942, and depended heavily on Germany. The Vichy government controlled many of France's colonies and the [[Zone libre|unoccupied part of France]] and enjoyed international recognition. In 1942, the Germans occupied the portion of France administered by the Vichy government in [[Case Anton]] and installed a new leadership under [[Pierre Laval]], ending much of Vichy France's international legitimacy.
* {{Flagicon|Monaco}} [[Monaco]] ([[Invasion and occupation of Monaco during World War II|1942–1944]]) – In 1943, the [[Royal Italian Army|Italian Army]] invaded and occupied Monaco, setting up a fascist administration. Shortly thereafter, following [[Benito Mussolini]]'s deposal in Italy, the [[German Army (1935–1945)|German Army]] occupied Monaco and began deporting the Jewish population. Among them was [[René Blum (impresario)|René Blum]], founder of Monaco's ''Ballet de l'Opera'', who died in a Nazi extermination camp.

====New states formed to reflect national aspirations====
* {{Flagicon|Slovak Republic (1939–1945)}} [[Slovak Republic (1939–1945)|Slovak Republic]] under the [[Slovak People's Party]] (1939–1945) – The Slovak Republic was a German [[client state]].{{citation needed|date=November 2017}} The Slovak People's Party was a [[Clerical fascism|clerofascist]] [[nationalism|nationalist]] movement associated with the [[Catholic Church|Roman Catholic Church]]. [[Monsignor]] [[Jozef Tiso]] became president in a nominally independent Slovakia.
* {{Flagicon|Independent State of Croatia}} [[Independent State of Croatia]] (1941–1945) – The Independent State of Croatia (''Nezavisna Država Hrvatska'' or NDH) was a German and Italian puppet regime. On paper, the NDH was a kingdom under King [[Prince Aimone, Duke of Aosta|Tomislav II]] (Aimone, Duke of Spoleto) of the [[House of Savoy]],<ref>Friedman, Francine (2004). ''Bosnia and Herzegovina: a polity on the brink''. Routledge. p. 130. {{ISBN|0415274354}}. "...nominally Croatia was ruled by the Italian Duke of Spoleto styled as King"</ref> but Tomislav II was only a figurehead in Croatia who never exercised any real power, with [[Ante Pavelić]] a somewhat independent leader (''[[Poglavnik]]''), though staying obedient to Rome and Berlin.

====States and governments under the control of Germany and Italy====
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of Greece (1822-1978).svg}} [[Hellenic State (1941–1944)|Hellenic State]] (1941–1944) – The Hellenic State administration of [[Georgios Tsolakoglou]], [[Konstantinos Logothetopoulos]], and [[Ioannis Rallis]] was a "collaborationist" puppet government<ref>''...managed to see the puppet Greek Prime Minister Ioannis Rallis through'' @ [https://books.google.com/books?id=75yqSStYjocC Sephardi Jewry: A History of the Judeo-Spanish Community, 14th–20th Centuries, p. 168]</ref> during the [[Axis occupation of Greece]]. Germany, Italy, and [[Kingdom of Bulgaria|Bulgaria]] occupied different portions of Greece at different times during these regimes.
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of the Government of National Salvation (occupied Yugoslavia).svg}} [[Government of National Salvation]] (1941–1944) – The government of General [[Milan Nedić]] and sometimes known as Nedić's Serbia was a German puppet regime operating in the [[Territory of the Military Commander in Serbia]]<ref>''Serbia also had a Nazi puppet regime headed by Milan Nedic'' @ [https://books.google.com/books?id=KYHH6mGE9JoC The Balkanization of the West: The Confluence of Postmodernism and Postcommunism, p. 198]</ref> during the [[Axis occupation of Serbia]].
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of Russian Liberation People's Army.svg}} [[Lokot Autonomy|Lokot Republic]] (1941–1943) – The Lokot Republic under [[Konstantin Voskoboinik]] and [[Bronislav Kaminski]] was a semi-autonomous region in Nazi-occupied Russia under a collaborationist administration. The republic covered the area of several [[Raion|raions]] of [[Oryol Oblast|Oryol]] and [[Kursk Oblast]]s. It was directly associated with the Russian Liberation People's Army (''Russkaya Osvoboditelnaya Narodnaya Armiya'' or RONA), known as the [[Kaminski Brigade]].
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of Nasjonal Samling.svg}} [[Quisling regime|Norwegian National government]] (1942–1945) – The [[German occupation of Norway|occupation of Norway by Nazi Germany]] started with all authority held by German Reich Commissioner (''[[Reichskommissar]]'') [[Josef Terboven]], who exercised this through the ''[[Reichskommissariat Norwegen]]''. The Norwegian pro-German fascist [[Vidkun Quisling]] attempted a coup d'état against the Norwegian government during the [[Norwegian campaign|German invasion]] on 9 April 1940, but was not appointed by the Germans to head another native government until 1 February 1942.

====Italian Social Republic====
* {{Flagicon|Italian Social Republic}} [[Italian Social Republic]] (1943–1945, known also as the Republic of Salò) – General [[Pietro Badoglio]] and King Victor Emmanuel III withdrew Italy from the [[Axis powers]] and moved the government to [[Southern Italy]], already controlled by the [[Allies of World War II|Allies]]. In response, the Germans occupied [[Northern Italy]] and founded the Italian Social Republic (''Repubblica Sociale Italiana'' or RSI) with Benito Mussolini as its "Head of State" and "Minister of Foreign Affairs". While the RSI government had some trappings of an independent state, it was completely dependent both economically and politically on Germany.