Editing Pyelonephritis (section)

=====Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis=====
[[Xanthogranulomatous inflammation|Xanthogranulomatous]] pyelonephritis is an unusual form of chronic pyelonephritis characterized by [[granuloma]]tous [[abscess]] formation, severe kidney destruction, and a clinical picture that may resemble [[renal cell carcinoma]] and other inflammatory [[nephron|kidney parenchymal]] diseases. Most affected individuals present with recurrent fevers and urosepsis, [[anemia]], and a painful kidney mass. Other common manifestations include kidney stones and loss of function of the affected kidney. Bacterial cultures of kidney tissue are almost always positive.<ref name=Malek1978>{{cite journal | vauthors = Malek RS, Elder JS | title = Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis: a critical analysis of 26 cases and of the literature | journal = The Journal of Urology | volume = 119 | issue = 5 | pages = 589–593 | date = May 1978 | pmid = 660725 | doi = 10.1016/s0022-5347(17)57559-x }}</ref> [[Histopathology|Microscopically]], there are granulomas and [[lipid]]-laden [[macrophage]]s (hence the term ''xantho''-, which means yellow in [[ancient Greek]]). It is found in roughly 20% of specimens from surgically managed cases of pyelonephritis.<ref name=Korkes2008/>