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===Intersex and queer identities=== {{further|Intersex and LGBT}} Scholars and activists have proposed different ways in which queer identities apply or do not apply to [[intersex]] people. Sociologist [[Morgan Holmes]] and bioethicists [[Morgan Carpenter]] and [[Katrina Karkazis]] have documenting a heteronormativity in medical rationales for the surgical normalization of infants and children born with atypical sex development, and Holmes and Carpenter have described intersex bodies as ''queer bodies''.<ref>{{Cite journal| last = Holmes| first = Morgan| author-link = Morgan Holmes| date = May 1994| pages = 11β130| journal = UnderCurrents| url = https://currents.journals.yorku.ca/index.php/currents/article/view/37695| title = Re-membering a Queer Body| volume = 6| publisher = Faculty of Environmental Studies, [[York University]], Ontario| doi = 10.25071/2292-4736/37695| s2cid = 142878263| doi-access = free| access-date = 2019-07-28| archive-date = 2021-03-08| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210308101136/https://currents.journals.yorku.ca/index.php/currents/article/view/37695| url-status = live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Carpenter |first=Morgan |date=18 June 2013 |title=Australia can lead the way for intersex people |url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2013/jun/18/intersex-people-australia |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |access-date=2014-12-29 |archive-date=2014-10-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141015051611/http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2013/jun/18/intersex-people-australia |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1080/13691058.2020.1781262| issn = 1369-1058| pages = 516β532| last = Carpenter| first = Morgan| author-link = Morgan Carpenter |title = Intersex human rights, sexual orientation, gender identity, sex characteristics and the Yogyakarta principles plus 10| journal = Culture, Health & Sexuality| date = 2020| volume = 23| issue = 4| pmid = 32679003| s2cid = 220631036}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book| publisher = [[Duke University Press]]| last = Karkazis| first = Katrina| author-link = Katrina Karkazis| title = Fixing Sex: Intersex, Medical Authority, and Lived Experience| isbn = 978-0822343189| date = November 2009| title-link = Fixing Sex}}</ref> In "What Can Queer Theory Do for Intersex?" [[Iain Morland]] contrasts queer "hedonic activism" with an experience of insensate post-surgical intersex bodies to claim that "queerness is characterized by the sensory interrelation of pleasure and shame".<ref name="after">{{cite journal |editor1-last=Morland |editor1-first=Iain |editor1-link=Iain Morland |date=2009 |title=Intersex and After |url=https://www.dukeupress.edu/Intersex-and-After/ |journal=[[GLQ: A Journal of Lesbian and Gay Studies]] |volume=15 |issue=2 |isbn=978-0-8223-6705-5 |access-date=2014-12-26 |archive-date=2014-12-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141226163534/https://www.dukeupress.edu/Intersex-and-After/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Emi Koyama]] describes a move away from a queer identity model within the intersex movement: <blockquote>Such tactic [of reclaiming labels] was obviously influenced by queer identity politics of the 1980s and 90s that were embodied by such groups as Queer Nation and Lesbian Avengers. But unfortunately, intersex activists quickly discovered that the intersex movement could not succeed under this model. For one thing, there were far fewer intersex people compared to the large and visible presence of LGBTQ people in most urban centers. For another, activists soon realized that most intersex individuals were not interested in building intersex communities or culture; what they sought were professional psychological support to live ordinary lives as ordinary men and women and not the adoption of new, misleading identity. ... To make it worse, the word "intersex" began to attract individuals who are not necessarily intersex, but feel that they might be, because they are queer or trans. ... Fortunately, the intersex movement did not rely solely on queer identity model for its strategies.<ref name=DSD>{{cite web |url= http://www.intersexinitiative.org/articles/intersextodsd.html |title= From 'Intersex' to 'DSD': Toward a Queer Disability Politics of Gender |first1= Emi |last1= Koyama |website= Intersex Initiative |access-date= 30 Sep 2015 |archive-date= 28 September 2015 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150928013641/http://www.intersexinitiative.org/articles/intersextodsd.html |url-status= live }}</ref> </blockquote>
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