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Rankine cycle
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== Organic Rankine cycle == {{Main|Organic Rankine cycle}} The organic Rankine cycle (ORC) uses an organic fluid such as [[pentane|n-pentane]]<ref name="Canada04">{{cite journal|last=Canada|first=Scott|author2=G. Cohen|author3=R. Cable|author4=D. Brosseau|author5=H. Price|date=2004-10-25|access-date=2009-03-17|title=Parabolic Trough Organic Rankine Cycle Solar Power Plant|journal=2004 DOE Solar Energy Technologies|publisher=US Department of Energy NREL|location=Denver, Colorado|url=http://www.nrel.gov/csp/troughnet/pdfs/37077.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090318233023/http://www.nrel.gov/csp/troughnet/pdfs/37077.pdf|archive-date=2009-03-18}}</ref> or [[toluene]]<ref name="Batton2000">{{cite web|url=http://www.nrel.gov/csp/troughnet/pdfs/batton_orc.pdf|title=Organic Rankine Cycle Engines for Solar Power|last=Batton|first=Bill|date=2000-06-18|work=Solar 2000 conference|publisher=Barber-Nichols, Inc.|access-date=2009-03-18|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090318233027/http://www.nrel.gov/csp/troughnet/pdfs/batton_orc.pdf|archive-date=2009-03-18}}</ref> in place of water and steam. This allows use of lower-temperature heat sources, such as [[solar ponds]], which typically operate at around 70 β90 Β°C.<ref>Nielsen et al., 2005, Proc. Int. Solar Energy Soc.</ref> The [[Thermodynamic efficiency|efficiency]] of the cycle is much lower as a result of the lower temperature range, but this can be worthwhile because of the lower cost involved in gathering heat at this lower temperature. Alternatively, fluids can be used that have boiling points above water, and this may have thermodynamic benefits (See, for example, [[mercury vapour turbine]]). The properties of the actual [[working fluids|working fluid]] have great influence on the quality of steam (vapour) after the expansion step, influencing the design of the whole cycle. The Rankine cycle does not restrict the working fluid in its definition, so the name "organic cycle" is simply a marketing concept and the cycle should not be regarded as a separate thermodynamic cycle.
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