Editing Replay attack (section)

===Replay attacks on IoT devices===
In the realm of smart home environments, [[Internet of things]] (IoT) devices are increasingly vulnerable to replay attacks, where an adversary intercepts and replays legitimate communication signals between an IoT device and its companion app. These attacks can compromise a wide array of devices, including smart plugs, security cameras, and even household appliances.
A recent study<ref>{{Cite conference | author = Lazzaro, Sara; De Angelis, Vincenzo; Mandalari, Anna Maria; Buccafurri, Francesco | title = Is Your Kettle Smarter Than a Hacker? A Scalable Tool for Assessing Replay Attack Vulnerabilities on Consumer IoT Devices | book-title = 2024 IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications (PerCom) | year = 2024 | pages = 114–124 | doi = 10.1109/PerCom59722.2024.10494466| arxiv = 2401.12184 }}</ref> demonstrated that a substantial portion of consumer IoT devices are prone to replay attacks. Researchers found that 75% of tested devices supporting local connectivity were vulnerable to such attacks. These vulnerabilities allow attackers to mimic legitimate commands, potentially enabling unauthorized actions such as turning on a smart kettle, unlocking doors, or manipulating security systems. Such breaches pose significant safety, security, and privacy risks, as malicious actors can gain control over critical home systems.