Editing Romanesque architecture (section)

====Pilgrimage and Crusade====
One of the effects of the [[Crusades]], which were intended to wrest the Holy Places of the Levant from [[Islam]]ic control, was to excite a great deal of religious fervour, which in turn inspired great building programs. The Nobility of Europe, upon safe return, thanked [[God]] by the building of a new church or the enhancement of an old one. Likewise, those who did not return from the Crusades could be suitably commemorated by their family in a work of stone and mortar.

The Crusades resulted in the transfer of, among other things, a great number of [[Relic|Holy Relics]] of [[saint]]s and [[Apostles in the New Testament|apostles]]. Many churches, like [[Périgueux|Saint-Front, Périgueux]], had their own home grown saint while others, most notably [[Santiago de Compostela]], claimed the remains and the patronage of a powerful saint, in this case one of the [[Twelve Apostles]]. [[Santiago de Compostela]], located in the [[Kingdom of Galicia]] (present day [[Galicia (Spain)|Galicia]], Spain) became one of the most important pilgrimage destinations in Europe. Most of the pilgrims travelled the [[Way of St. James]] on foot, many of them barefooted as a sign of penance. They moved along one of the four main routes that passed through France, congregating for the journey at [[Jumièges]], Paris, [[Vézelay]], [[Cluny]], [[Arles]] and [[St. Gall]] in Switzerland. They crossed two passes in the [[Pyrenees]] and converged into a single stream to traverse north-western Spain. Along the route they were urged on by those pilgrims returning from the journey. On each of the routes abbeys such as those at [[Moissac]], [[Toulouse]], [[Roncesvalles]], [[Conques]], [[Limoges]] and [[Burgos]] catered for the flow of people and grew wealthy from the passing trade. [[Saint-Benoît-du-Sault]], in the Berry province, is typical of the churches that were founded on the pilgrim route.<ref name=BF/><ref Name=HG/>

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File:Jerusalem Holy Sepulchre BW 23.JPG|alt=The Church of the Holy Sepulchre, Jerusalem, a major pilgrimage site from the 4th century onwards, its rotunda inspired the construction of many Romanesque circular churches.|The [[Church of the Holy Sepulchre]], [[Jerusalem]], a major pilgrimage site from the 4th century onwards. Its rotunda inspired the construction of many Romanesque circular churches.
File:Krak des chevaliers15(js).jpg|Like many castles built by [[Crusades|crusader]] knights, the inner fortress of [[Krak des Chevaliers]], [[Syria]], was mainly constructed in this period, with the outer walls being later.
File:Abbatiale de Conques.jpg|The Abbey of Saint Foy, [[Conques]], France, was one of many such abbeys to be built along the pilgrimage [[Way of St James]] that led to [[Santiago de Compostela]].
File:Périgueux 3.JPG|alt=The plan of the Church of Saint Front, Périgueux, France, was influenced by Byzantine architecture seen by the Crusaders. The present appearance is largely due to restorer Paul Abadie, mid-19th century|The plan of the [[Périgueux Cathedral|Church of Saint Front]], Périgueux, France, was influenced by [[Byzantine architecture]] seen by the Crusaders. The present appearance is largely due to restorer [[Paul Abadie]], mid-19th century.
File:Toulouse - View on Saint Sernin.jpg|The [[basilica of Saint-Sernin]] in [[Toulouse]] is the archetype of large pilgrimage churches, where pilgrims could walk around the church via the transept and the choir chapels.
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