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Romanization
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====Arabic==== {{Main|Romanization of Arabic|Maltese alphabet}} * {{Lang|de|[[Deutsche Morgenländische Gesellschaft]]|italic=no}} (1936): Adopted by the International Convention of Orientalist Scholars in Rome. It is the basis for the very influential [[Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic|Hans Wehr dictionary]] ({{ISBN|0-87950-003-4}}).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dmg-web.de/ |title=Deutsche Morgenländische Gesellschaft |work=Dmg-web.de |access-date=2015-07-02}}</ref> * [[BS 4280]] (1968): Developed by the [[British Standards Institution]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bsi-global.com/index.xalter |title=Standards, Training, Testing, Assessment and Certification |publisher=[[BSI Group]] |work=BSI-Global.com |access-date=2013-04-25}}</ref> * [[SATTS]] (1970s): A one-for-one substitution system, a legacy from the [[Morse code]] era * [[UNGEGN]] (1972)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.eki.ee/wgrs/rom1_ar.pdf |title=Arabic |work=Eki.ee |access-date=2015-07-02}}</ref> * [[DIN 31635]] (1982): Developed by the {{lang|de|[[Deutsches Institut für Normung]]|italic=no}} (German Institute for Standardization) * [[ISO 233]] (1984). Transliteration. * [[Qalam]] (1985): A system that focuses upon preserving the spelling, rather than the pronunciation, and uses mixed case<ref>{{cite web |url=http://eserver.org/langs/qalam.txt |format=TXT |title=Qalam: A Convention for Morphological Arabic-Latin-Arabic Transliteration |work=EServer.org |access-date=2015-07-02 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090208143407/http://eserver.org/langs/qalam.txt |archive-date=2009-02-08}}</ref> * [[ISO 233-2]] (1993): Simplified transliteration. * [[Buckwalter transliteration]] (1990s): Developed at [[Xerox]] by [[Tim Buckwalter]];<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.qamus.org/transliteration.htm |title=Buckwalter Arabic Transliteration |work=Qamus.org |access-date=2013-04-25}}</ref> does not require unusual [[diacritic]]s<ref>{{cite web |first=Ken |last=Beesley |url=http://www.xrce.xerox.com/competencies/content-analysis/arabic/info/buckwalter-about.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020424194140/http://www.xrce.xerox.com/competencies/content-analysis/arabic/info/buckwalter-about.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=2002-04-24 |title=The Buckwalter Transliteration |publisher=[[Xerox Research Centre Europe]] |date=2010-11-22 |access-date=2013-04-25}}</ref> * [[ALA-LC romanization|ALA-LC]] (1997)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.loc.gov/catdir/cpso/romanization/arabic.pdf |title=Arabic |publisher=[[Library of Congress]] |access-date=2015-07-02}}</ref> * [[Arabic chat alphabet]]
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