Editing Roskilde (section)

== Landmarks==
[[File:Roskilde-domkirke-2003-nord.jpg|right|thumbnail|Roskilde Cathedral]]

=== Roskilde Cathedral ===
{{Main|Roskilde Cathedral}}

Located on the site of a 10th-century wooden church, the cathedral was built in the 12th and 13th centuries when the [[Romanesque architecture|Romanesque]] style was influenced by [[Gothic architecture|Gothic]] trends from northern France.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=http://www.denstoredanske.dk/Kunst_og_kultur/Arkitektur/Danske_kirker_R-R%C3%A5/Roskilde_Domkirke|title=Roskilde Romkirke|encyclopedia=Den Store Danske|access-date=12 December 2014 |language=da}}</ref> It was the first [[Gothic architecture|Gothic]] cathedral in Scandinavia to be built of brick, resulting in the spread of this style throughout northern [[Europe]]. With its 39 royal tombs, the cathedral is to this day the burial site for [[List of Danish monarchs|Danish monarchs]]. Since 1995, it has been listed as a [[United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization|UNESCO]] [[World Heritage Site]], encouraging some 100,000 tourists to visit it each year.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/695|title=Roskilde Cathedral|publisher=UNESCO|access-date=12 December 2014 }}</ref> The cathedral houses a museum on its upper floor, tracing the building's history. A working church, it also hosts concerts throughout the year.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://sogn.roskildedomkirke.dk/gudstjenester/|title=Om Domsognet|publisher=Roskilde Domkirke|access-date=15 December 2014 |language=da}}</ref>

===Roskilde Palace===
[[File:Roskilde Palace, Denmark.jpg|thumb|Roskilde Palace]]
Adjacent to the cathedral is [[Roskilde Palace]], built from 1733 to 1736 on the site of the former residence of the [[bishop of Roskilde|bishops of Roskilde]]. It was used by members of the royal family when they were in the city or attended funerals. Today it houses the Museum of Contemporary Art.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.visitroskilde.com/ln-int/danmark/roskilde-palace-gdk619659|archive-url=https://archive.today/20141215120018/http://www.visitroskilde.com/ln-int/danmark/roskilde-palace-gdk619659|url-status=usurped|archive-date=15 December 2014|title=Roskilde Palace|publisher=Visit Roskilde|access-date=15 December 2014 }}</ref><ref name="palace">{{cite web | url = http://www.ses.dk/398855f0 | title = Slots- og Ejendomsstyelsen – Roskilde Palace – History | access-date = 19 February 2006|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20060908202448/http://www.ses.dk/398855f0 <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archive-date =8 September 2006}}</ref>
During the [[Battle of Copenhagen (1807)|English siege of Copenhagen]] in 1807, the mansion served as headquarters of [[Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington|General Wellesley]], the future Duke of Wellington. Built in the [[Baroque architecture|Baroque]] style with yellow-rendered masonry and red tile roofing, the four-winged complex consists of a two-storey main wing, two one-storey lateral wings and a curved gate wing opening onto the [[Stændertorvet]]. The four wings are connected by curving galleries. Facing the courtyard, the façade of the main wing has [[pilaster]]s and a [[Avant-corps|median risalit]] tipped by a triangular [[pediment]] decorated with the royal coat of arms.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://arkark.dk/building.aspx?buildingid=1933|title=Roskilde, Det Gule Palæ|language=da|publisher=arkark.dk|access-date=13 December 2014|archive-date=13 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141213203557/http://arkark.dk/building.aspx?buildingid=1933|url-status=dead}}</ref>

===Roskilde Convent===
[[File:Roskilde-Kloster.jpg|thumb|Roskilde Convent]]
[[Roskilde Convent]] is on the site of the former St Catherine's Priory from the mid-13th century which belonged to the Dominican friars until it was dissolved after the [[Danish Reformation]]. A private manor house (''Sortebrødregaard'' or Blackfriars Manor) was built on the site in 1565 which in 1699 became a convent for women of high rank, the first of its kind in Lutheran Denmark.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jggj.dk/RoskildeOP.htm|title=The Dominican priory and convent of medieval Roskilde, Denmark|author=Johnny Grandjean Gøgsig Jakobsen|publisher=Centre for Dominican Studies of Dacia|access-date=15 December 2014 }}</ref> The building now houses a collection of 150 paintings from the 16th to 18th centuries as well as period furniture. The convent chapel has a carved altarpiece and pulpit.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.visitroskilde.dk/danmark/roskilde-kloster-gdk660559|title=Roskilde Kloster|publisher=Visit Roskilde|access-date=15 December 2014 |language=da}}</ref>

===Roskilde Museum===
[[File:Sukkerhuset, Liebes Gård.JPG|thumb|The Sugar House]]
[[Roskilde Museum]] is a local history museum, run by the municipalities of [[Roskilde Municipality|Roskilde]], [[Frederikssund Municipality|Frederikssund]] and [[Lejre Municipality|Lejre]]. The main branch in Roskilde, on the corner of Sankt Olsgade and Sankt Olsstræde, is based in two listed buildings, ''Sukkerhuset'' (the Sugar House) and ''Liebes Gård'' (Liebe House), a former sugar refinery and merchant's house. The Sugar House was built by a consortium led by Johan Jørgen Holst as a facility for the processing of raw sugar from the [[Danish West Indies]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.roskildehistorie.dk/gader/Olsgade/sukkerhus/sukkerhus.htm|title=Sukkerhuset|language=da|publisher=Roskilde Museum|access-date=13 December 2014}}</ref>
Jacob Borch constructed Liebe House in 1804 on the site next to the sugar factory. It replaced a modest house with timber framing and a straw roof dating from the 17th century. The building takes its name from the Liebe family who owned the property for two generations later in the century.<ref name=arkark>{{cite web|url=http://www.arkark.dk/building.aspx?buildingid=1393|title=Roskilde Museum, Liebes Gård og Sukkerhuset|language=da|publisher=arkark.dk|access-date=13 December 2014|archive-date=2 February 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140202102549/http://www.arkark.dk/building.aspx?buildingid=1393|url-status=dead}}</ref> On the occasion of his death in 1900, Liebe left the entire building complex to Roskilde Municipality. In 1908, the Sugar House came into use as a fire station. Roskilde Local History Museum was founded on 12 November 1929 on the ground floor of the Liebe House. When the fire station moved to new premises in 1989, Roskilde Museum took over the Sugar House.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.roskildekommune.dk/webtop/site.aspx?p=17972|title=Roskilde Museum og Sukkerhuset|language=da|publisher=Roskilde Municipality|access-date=13 December 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20140122034453/http://www.roskildekommune.dk/webtop/site.aspx?p=17972|archive-date=22 January 2014|df=dmy-all}}</ref> The museum has exhibits from prehistory, through the Viking Era and the Middle Ages to modern times.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.roskildemuseum.dk/forside/afdelingsmenu/afdelingssider/afdelinger/roskilde-museum/main-exhibition.aspx|title=Roskilde Museum, Sankt Ols Gade 18, 4000 Roskilde|publisher=Roskilde Museum|access-date=15 December 2014 }}</ref> The [[Roskilde Museum of Tools|Museum of Tools]], housed in separate premises, contains a collection of tools used by craftsmen such as wheelwrights, carpenters, shoemakers and wood carvers from around 1850 to 1950.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.visitroskilde.com/ln-int/danmark/museum-of-tools-gdk619459|archive-url=https://archive.today/20150117101313/http://www.visitroskilde.com/ln-int/danmark/museum-of-tools-gdk619459|url-status=usurped|archive-date=17 January 2015|title=Museum of Tools|publisher=Visit Roskilde|access-date=11 January 2015 }}</ref>

=== Viking Ship Museum ===
[[File:Skuldelev 3 in Vikingeskibsmuseet, Roskilde.JPG|thumb|right|Viking Ship Museum]]

A major attraction in the city is the [[Viking Ship Museum in Roskilde|Viking Ship Museum]] (''Vikingeskibsmuseet'') located alongside [[Roskilde Fjord]]. The centrepieces of its collection are the well-preserved remains of five 11th-century [[Skuldelev ships|Viking ships]], excavated from the fjord some {{convert|20|km|abbr=on}} north of the city in the late 1960s.<ref name=vsm>{{cite web|url=http://www.visitroskilde.com/ln-int/danmark/the-viking-ship-museum-gdk660485|archive-url=https://archive.today/20141217191839/http://www.visitroskilde.com/ln-int/danmark/the-viking-ship-museum-gdk660485|url-status=usurped|archive-date=17 December 2014|title=The Viking Ship Museum|publisher=Visit Roskilde|access-date=17 December 2014 }}</ref> The ships were scuttled there in the 11th century to block a navigation channel, protecting the city, then the Danish capital, from seaborne assault. The five Viking ships represent several distinct classes, such as the Longship and Warship, and smaller fishing and ferry boats. The ships on display range from 10 feet (3 m) to 50 feet (15 m) in length. The museum also undertakes research in [[experimental archaeology]] centred on Viking shipbuilding and seaworthiness. The boatyard, which also forms part of the museum, safeguards the Viking boat-building tradition by building and exhibiting full-scale ships on site.<ref name=vsm/>

===Ragnarock Museum===
On April 29, 2016, the Ragnarock museum for pop, rock and ungdomskultur (youth culture) in Roskilde was inaugurated by [[Frederik X|Frederik, Crown Prince of Denmark]].<ref>{{cite web|title= Ragnarock Roskilde – the golden museum of rock by MVRDV and COBE | url=http://www.inexhibit.com/case-studies/ragnarock-roskilde-the-golden-museum-of-rock-by-mvrdv-and-cobe/|publisher=Inexhibit|access-date= April 29, 2016}}</ref>
The 3,100 square-meter museum, designed by the Dutch architectural firm [[MVRDV]] and by the Danish architecture firm  [[COBE Architects]], presents and disseminates youth culture and [[rock music]] from the 1950s to the present, both as a means of communication and to enhance socialization between people from different cultures and social backgrounds.

===Historic churches===
{{see also|List of churches in Roskilde Municipality}}
[[File:Gammel Vor Frue Kirke Roskilde Denmark.jpg|thumb|Old Church of Our Lady]]
The [[Old Church of Our Lady, Roskilde|Old Church of Our Lady]] (''Gammel Vor Frue Kirke'') is an 11th-century stone church on the southern outskirts of the old town. It is the only surviving [[travertine]] basilica in Denmark with a high central nave opening onto two lower lateral aisles.<ref name=kulturarv>{{cite web|url=http://www.kulturarv.dk/1001fortaellinger/da_DK/gl-vor-frue-kirke/images/newest/1/img-1352a-jpg|title=Roskildes eneste overlevende klosterkirke|author=Søren Lyder Jacobsen|publisher=Kulturarv|access-date=15 December 2014 |language=da}}</ref> Its carved altarpiece and pulpit from the 1620s are from [[Brix Michgell]]'s Roskilde workshop. The church was attached to a convent for women of rank until the [[Danish Reformation|Reformation]]. It has been called the "Old" Church of Our Lady since 1907 when a new Church of Our Lady was built to the south of the city.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://danmarkskirker.natmus.dk/uploads/tx_tcchurchsearch/kob-amt_58-97_02.pdf|title=Roskilde Vor Frue Kirke|publisher=National Museet|access-date=15 December 2014 |language=da}}</ref>

There are two other historic churches in central Roskilde. [[St Ib's Church, Roskilde|St Ib's]] is located below the cathedral plateau near the harbour. Built in travertine around 1100, the Romanesque building was once richly decorated in frescos, remains of which can be seen on the rear wall. It is no longer a functioning church.<ref name=natmus>{{cite web|url=http://danmarkskirker.natmus.dk/uploads/tx_tcchurchsearch/kob-amt_47-57_02.pdf|title=Roskilde S. Ibs Kirke|publisher=National Museet|access-date=17 December 2014 |language=da}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kulturarv.dk/1001fortaellinger/da_DK/skt-ibs-kirke-i-roskilde/images/newest/1/img-1186-jpg|title=Skt. Ibs Kirke i Roskilde|publisher=Kulturarv|access-date=17 December 2014 |language=da}}</ref> [[St Jørgensbjerg Church]] stands on a little hill to the northwest of the old town, overlooking the fjord. With a nave and chancel in travertine dating from c. 1080, it is Denmark's oldest preserved stone building. It features a carved pulpit from 1616.<ref name=nk>{{cite web|url=http://www.nordenskirker.dk/Tidligere/Sankt_Joergensbjerg_kirke/sankt_joergensbjerg_kirke.htm|title=Roskilde Sankt Jørgensbjerg kirke|publisher=Nordens Kirker|access-date=18 December 2014|language=da|archive-date=31 January 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110131091524/http://nordenskirker.dk/Tidligere/Sankt_Joergensbjerg_kirke/sankt_joergensbjerg_kirke.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.visitroskilde.com/ln-int/danmark/sct-jorgensbjerg-church-gdk619570|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141218103603/http://www.visitroskilde.com/ln-int/danmark/sct-jorgensbjerg-church-gdk619570|url-status=usurped|archive-date=18 December 2014|title=Sct. Jørgensbjerg Church|publisher=Visit Roskilde|access-date=18 December 2014 }}</ref>
The [[Sankt Laurentii Church Tower]] is all that remains of the Romanesque Sankt Laurentii Church, built of travertine in the 13th century. It was torn down after the [[Danish Reformation|Reformation]] leaving only the tower which was built at the beginning of the 16th century and now forms part of the former town hall on Stændertorvet.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=http://www.denstoredanske.dk/Kunst_og_kultur/Arkitektur/Danske_kirker_S-S%C3%A5/Sankt_Laurentii_Kirke|title=Sankt Laurentii Kirke – Roskilde|encyclopedia=Den Store Danske|access-date=22 December 2014 |language=da}}</ref> It contains a museum where archaeological finds from 1998 can be seen.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.visitroskilde.com/ln-int/danmark/skt-laurentius-st-lawrence-church-gdk619480|archive-url=https://archive.today/20141222203022/http://www.visitroskilde.com/ln-int/danmark/skt-laurentius-st-lawrence-church-gdk619480|url-status=usurped|archive-date=22 December 2014|title=Skt. Laurentius (St. Lawrence) Church|publisher=Visit Roskilde|access-date=22 December 2014 }}</ref>

===Roskilde Jars===

The three huge [[Roskilde Jars]] (''Roskildekrukkerne'') stand in a shallow water basin on the square outside the main railway station. They are {{convert|5|m|abbr=on}} in height and together weigh about 24 tons.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.visitroskilde.com/ln-int/danmark/the-roskilde-jars-gdk619558|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150109023820/http://www.visitroskilde.com/ln-int/danmark/the-roskilde-jars-gdk619558|url-status=usurped|archive-date=9 January 2015|title=The Roskilde Jars|publisher=Visit Roskilde|access-date=11 January 2015 }}</ref> 
The jars are the work of the Danish abstract sculptor [[Peter Brandes]] (born 1944). They were commissioned by Elsebeth Stryhn of Stryhns Leverpostej, a local meat paste company, and presented to the city in 1998 on the occasion of Roskilde's 1,000th anniversary.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kunstiroskilde.dk/show_group_item.asp?Katid=1&SubId=3&ItemId=53|title=Vandskulpturer Roskildekrukkerne |publisher=Kunst i Roskilde|access-date=11 January 2015 |language=da}}</ref>

=== Roskilde Festival ===

[[File:Roskilde Festival - Orange Stage - Bruce Springsteen.jpg|thumb|Roskilde Festival (2012)]]
{{Main|Roskilde Festival}}
Since it was first held in 1971, the [[Roskilde Festival]], a [[Rock and roll|rock music]] festival, has been held annually on the fairgrounds south of the city centre. It has grown to become one of the biggest music festivals in Scandinavia, with a turnout of around 80,000 every year.{{Sfn|Wiberg|2004|p=285}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.visitroskilde.com/ln-int/danmark/roskilde-festival-gdk619631|archive-url=https://archive.today/20150112023144/http://www.visitroskilde.com/ln-int/danmark/roskilde-festival-gdk619631|url-status=usurped|archive-date=12 January 2015|title=Roskilde Festival|publisher=Visit Roskilde|access-date=8 January 2015 }}</ref> It features a diverse selection of music, including rock, metal, hip-hop, electronica, dance, and world music. All profits from the festival are donated to charities. The fairgrounds are also the site of regionally popular agricultural and animal exhibitions, and large flea markets.<ref name="fest">{{cite web | url = http://www.roskilde-festival.dk/object.php?obj=6e5000c&code=1 | title = Roskilde Festival | access-date = 19 February 2006|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20060207094109/http://www.roskilde-festival.dk/object.php?obj=6e5000c&code=1 <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archive-date = 7 February 2006}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kultunaut.dk/perl/sted/type-nynaut/nr-151040|title=Dyrskuepladsen i Roskilde|publisher=KultuNaut.dk|access-date=8 January 2015 |language=da}}</ref>