Editing SQL (section)

==Alternatives==
A distinction should be made between alternatives to SQL as a language, and alternatives to the relational model itself.  Below are proposed relational alternatives to the SQL language.  See [[navigational database]] and [[NoSQL]] for alternatives to the relational model.
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* [[.QL]]: object-oriented Datalog
* [[4th Dimension (Software)|4D Query Language]] (4D QL)
* [[Datalog]]: critics suggest that [[Datalog]] has two advantages over SQL: it has cleaner semantics, which facilitates program understanding and maintenance, and it is more expressive, in particular for recursive queries.<ref name="PROLE" />
* [[HTSQL]]: URL based query method
* [[IBM Business System 12]] (IBM BS12): one of the first fully relational database management systems, introduced in 1982
* [[ISBL]]
* [[Java Object Oriented Querying|jOOQ]]: SQL implemented in Java as an [[Domain-specific language|internal domain-specific language]]
* [[Java Persistence Query Language]] (JPQL): The query language used by the Java Persistence API and [[Hibernate (Java)|Hibernate]] persistence library
* [[JavaScript]]: [[MongoDB]] implements its query language in a JavaScript API.
* [[Language Integrated Query|LINQ]]: Runs SQL statements written like language constructs to query collections directly from inside [[.NET Framework|.Net]] code
* [[Object Query Language]]
* QBE ([[Query By Example]]) created by Moshè Zloof, IBM 1977
* [[QUEL query languages|QUEL]] introduced in 1974 by the U.C. Berkeley Ingres project, closer to [[tuple relational calculus]] than SQL
* [[XQuery]]
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