Editing Social network analysis (section)

=== Longitudinal SNA in schools ===
Large numbers of researchers worldwide examine the social networks of children and adolescents. In questionnaires, they list all classmates, students in the same grade, or schoolmates, asking: "Who are your best friends?". Students may sometimes nominate as many peers as they wish; other times, the number of nominations is limited. Social network researchers have investigated similarities in friendship networks. The similarity between friends was established as far back as classical antiquity.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=McPherson |first1=Miller |last2=Smith-Lovin |first2=Lynn |last3=Cook |first3=James M |date=2001 |title=Birds of a Feather: Homophily in Social Networks |url=https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/10.1146/annurev.soc.27.1.415 |journal=Annual Review of Sociology |language=en |volume=27 |issue=1 |pages=415–444 |doi=10.1146/annurev.soc.27.1.415 |s2cid=2341021 |issn=0360-0572}}</ref> Resemblance is an important basis for the survival of friendships. Similarity in characteristics, attitudes, or behaviors means that friends understand each other more quickly, have common interests to talk about, know better where they stand with each other, and have more trust in each other.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Laursen |first1=Brett |last2=Veenstra |first2=René |date=2021 |title=Toward understanding the functions of peer influence: A summary and synthesis of recent empirical research |journal=Journal of Research on Adolescence |language=en |volume=31 |issue=4 |pages=889–907 |doi=10.1111/jora.12606 |issn=1050-8392 |pmc=8630732 |pmid=34820944}}</ref> As a result, such relationships are more stable and valuable. Moreover, looking more alike makes young people more confident and strengthens them in developing their identity.<ref>{{Cite journal |title=Hallinan, M. T. (1980). Patterns of cliquing among youth. In H. C. Foot, A. J. Chapman, & J. R. Smith (Eds.), Friendship and social relations in children (pp. 321–342). New York, NY: Wiley. |url=https://psycnet.apa.org/record/1995-97220-012 |access-date=2023-03-10 |journal=Apa Psycnet |date=1980 |language=en |last1=T. |first1=Hallinan }}</ref> Similarity in behavior can result from two processes: selection and influence. These two processes can be distinguished using longitudinal social network analysis in the R package SIENA (Simulation Investigation for Empirical Network Analyses), developed by [[Tom Snijders]] and colleagues.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Snijders |first1=Tom A. B. |last2=van de Bunt |first2=Gerhard G. |last3=Steglich |first3=Christian E. G. |date=2010 |title=Introduction to stochastic actor-based models for network dynamics |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378873309000069 |journal=Social Networks |series=Dynamics of Social Networks |language=en |volume=32 |issue=1 |pages=44–60 |doi=10.1016/j.socnet.2009.02.004 |issn=0378-8733}}</ref> Longitudinal social network analysis became mainstream after the publication of a special issue of the ''[[Journal of Research on Adolescence]]'' in 2013, edited by [[René Veenstra]] and containing 15 empirical papers.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Veenstra |first1=René |last2=Laninga-Wijnen |first2=Lydia |year=2023 |title=The Prominence of Peer Interactions, Relationships, and Networks in Adolescence and Early Adulthood |url=https://osf.io/preprints/socarxiv/s57zm/ |access-date=2023-03-10 |website=osf.io |publisher=American Psychological Association}}</ref>