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Solar wind
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===Pressure=== At {{val|1|ul=AU}}, the wind exerts a pressure typically in the range of {{val|1|-|6|u=nPa}} ({{val|1|-|6|e=-9|u=N/m2}}),<ref>{{cite journal | last=Shue | first=J. H. | title=Magnetopause location under extreme solar wind conditions | journal=Journal of Geophysical Research | date=1998 | volume=103 | issue=A8 | pages=17,691β17,700 | bibcode=1998JGR...10317691S | doi= 10.1029/98JA01103| doi-access=free}}</ref> although it can readily vary outside that range. The [[ram pressure]] is a [[Function (mathematics)|function]] of wind speed and density. The formula is :<math>P = m_\text{p} \cdot n \cdot V^2 = \mathrm{1.6726 \times 10^{-27} \, kg} \cdot n \cdot V^2</math> where ''m''<sub>p</sub> is the [[proton]] mass, pressure ''P'' is in Pa (pascals), ''n'' is the density in particles/cm<sup>3</sup> and ''V'' is the speed in km/s of the solar wind.<ref>{{Cite book | title=Plasma Physics: An Introductory Course | last = Dendy | first = Richard | publisher = Cambridge University Press | year=1995 | isbn=9780521484527 | pages=234}}</ref>
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