Editing Space Shuttle Endeavour (section)

== Decommissioning ==
{{Main|Space Shuttle retirement}}
After more than twenty organizations submitted proposals for the display of an orbiter,<ref name="latshuttle">{{Cite news |last=Simon |first=Richard |date=August 14, 2010 |title=With shuttles becoming museum pieces, cities vie to land one |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2010-aug-14-la-na-space-shuttle-20100815-story.html |access-date=October 14, 2012 |work=Los Angeles Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=November 1, 2010 |title=Discovery's Final Home 'Up In The Air' |url=http://www.upi.com/Science_News/2010/11/01/Discoverys-final-home-up-in-the-air/UPI-15431288644749/ |access-date=October 14, 2012 |work=United Press International}}</ref> on April 12, 2011, NASA announced that the Space Shuttle ''Endeavour'' would go to the [[California Science Center]] in [[Los Angeles]].<ref name="usatodayshuttle">{{Cite news |last=Stanglin |first=Douglas |date=April 12, 2011 |title=NYC, L.A., Kennedy Space Center, Smithsonian to get the 4 retired space shuttles |url=http://content.usatoday.com/communities/ondeadline/post/2011/04/kennedy-space-center-air-and-space-museum-likely-to-get-2-of-the-4-retiring-shuttle-vehicles/1 |access-date=October 14, 2012 |work=USA Today}}</ref> The Space Shuttle was mounted on the [[Shuttle Carrier Aircraft]] and departed from the [[Kennedy Space Center]] on September 19, 2012, heading to the [[Los Angeles International Airport]], with some refueling stops in [[Ellington Field Joint Reserve Base|Ellington Field]] and [[Edwards Air Force Base]]. After low level flyovers above NASA and civic landmarks across the country and in California, it was delivered to LAX on September 21.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Simon |first=Richard |date=April 12, 2012 |title=Delivering the space shuttles is tougher than you think |url=https://www.latimes.com/news/nation/nationnow/la-na-nn-shuttle-delivery-20120411,0,7851736.story |access-date=April 19, 2012 |work=Los Angeles Times}}</ref> It was then hoisted off the aircraft and placed inside a United Airlines hangar to prepare for its transportation through the streets of Los Angeles.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pearlman |first=Robert Z. |date=September 21, 2012 |title=Space Shuttle Endeavour Lands in L.A. for Display at California Science Center |url=https://www.space.com/17718-space-shuttle-endeavour-lands-los-angeles.html |access-date=March 4, 2024 |website=Space.com |language=en}}</ref>

[[File:Space Shuttle Endeavour in Los Angeles - 2012 (37919560104).jpg|thumb|''Endeavour'' moving through Los Angeles]]
On October 11 at 11:30pm, ''Endeavour'' left the hangar on four self-propelled robotic transporters and the orbiter was slowly left the airport and was carefully transported through the streets of Los Angeles.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pearlman |first=Robert Z. |date=October 12, 2012 |title=Space Shuttle Endeavour Embarks on L.A. Road Trip |url=https://www.space.com/18032-shuttle-endeavour-los-angeles-road-trip.html |access-date=March 29, 2024 |website=Space.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Space shuttle Endeavour route, street closures & viewing areas |url=http://abclocal.go.com/kabc/feature?section=news/local&id=8842882 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121014185240/http://abclocal.go.com/kabc/feature?section=news%2Flocal&id=8842882 |archive-date=October 14, 2012 |access-date=October 12, 2012 |work=ABC7 News}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last1=Mather |first1=Kate |last2=Flores |first2=Adolfo |last3=Geber |first3=Marisa |last4=Khouri |first4=Andrew |last5=Weiss |first5=Ken |date=October 13, 2012 |title=Space shuttle Endeavour rolls on toward its new home |url=http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/lanow/2012/10/space-shuttle-endeavour-rolls-on-toward-its-new-home.html |access-date=October 13, 2012 |work=Los Angeles Times}}</ref> The Space Shuttle's {{convert|12|mi|km|adj=on}} journey was meticulously measured and each move was carefully choreographed.<ref name="LA Times">{{Cite web |last=Anton |first=Mike |date=September 16, 2012 |title=Shuttle Endeavour's final journey is carefully choreographed |url=https://www.latimes.com/local/la-me-shuttle-transport-20120916-story.html |access-date=December 19, 2017 |website=[[Los Angeles Times]]}}</ref> 

In multiple locations, there were only inches of clearance for the shuttle's wide wings between telephone poles, apartment buildings and other structures. Many street light standards and traffic signals were temporarily removed as the shuttle passed through. It was necessary to remove over 400 street trees as well, some of which were fairly old, leading to concern.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Singh |first=Timon |date=September 9, 2012 |title=400 Trees Cut Down to Make Way For Space Shuttle Endeavour's Los Angeles Arrival |url=http://inhabitat.com/400-trees-cut-down-to-make-way-for-space-shuttle-endeavours-los-angeles-arrival |work=Inhabitat – Sustainable Design Innovation, Eco Architecture, Green Building}}</ref> However, the removed trees were replaced two-for-one by the Science Center, using part of the $200 million funding for the move.<ref name="LA Times" /> 

The power had to be turned off and power carrying poles had to be removed temporarily as the orbiter crept along the streets. News crews lined the streets along the path with visible news personalities in the news trucks. Police escorts and other security personnel, among them including the [[Los Angeles Police Department|LAPD]], [[Los Angeles County Sheriff's Department|LASD]], [[California Highway Patrol|CHP]], and NASA officials, controlled the large crowds gathered, with support from the [[Los Angeles City Fire Department|LAFD]] and [[Los Angeles County Fire Department|LACoFD]] to treat heat exhaustion victims as ''Endeavour'' made its way through the city.<ref>{{Cite news |last=CBS News |date=October 14, 2012 |title=Space shuttle Endeavour's slow commute through Los Angeles |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IPz52Bo5t7k |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190813032302/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IPz52Bo5t7k&gl=US&hl=en |archive-date=August 13, 2019 |access-date=February 14, 2019 |work=CBS News Los Angeles}}</ref> ''Endeavour'' was sometimes parked for a few hours at certain places, such as [[Randy's Donuts]], and [[Kia Forum|The Forum]] where it was available for viewing.<ref>{{Cite web |date=October 12, 2012 |title=Hole punched in doughnut shop's hopes for shuttle celebration |url=https://www.latimes.com/local/la-me-1012-beat-randys-donuts-endeavour-20121012-story.html |access-date=March 19, 2024 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="casc">{{Cite web |year=2012 |title=Space Shuttle Endeavour homepage |url=http://www.californiasciencecenter.org/Exhibits/AirAndSpace/endeavour/endeavour.php |access-date=October 13, 2012 |website=California Science Center |publisher=}}</ref>

[[File:Space Shuttle Endeavour at Randy's Donuts.jpg|thumb|The Randy's Donuts sign alongside Space Shuttle Endeavour as it is ferried through the streets of Los Angeles on Friday, October 12, 2012]]
''Endeavour''<nowiki/>'s biggest part of the journey was crossing the [[California State Route 42|Manchester Boulevard]] Bridge over [[Interstate 405 (California)|Interstate 405]]. However, due to weight restrictions of the bridge, the shuttle was moved from the robotic transporters to a lighter non-powered dolly and was towed across the bridge by an unmodified [[Toyota Tundra]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Morton |first=Neal |date=October 13, 2012 |title=Shuttle Endeavour hitches a ride with S.A. truck |url=http://www.mysanantonio.com/default/article/Shuttle-Endeavour-hitches-a-ride-with-S-A-truck-3944110.php |access-date=October 14, 2012 |work=San Antonio Express-News}}</ref> Once it had completely crossed the bridge, the shuttle was then returned to the robotic transporters to continue its course. [[Toyota]] used the footage of ''Endeavour'' crossing the bridge in a commercial for the [[Super Bowl XLVII|2013 Super Bowl]],<ref>{{Cite news |last=Harwood |first=Allyson |date=October 15, 2012 |title=How a 2012 Toyota Tundra Towed the Space Shuttle Endeavour |url=http://www.trucktrend.com/features/news/2012/163_news121015_2012_toyota_tundra_tows_endeavour/ |access-date=July 17, 2013 |work=Motor Trend's Truck Trend}}</ref> and the Tundra used to pull the shuttle was donated to the Science Center, where it became part of an exhibit on leverage.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Toyota |title=California Science Center Unveils Giant Lever Exhibit Featuring the Toyota Tundra Used During Space Shuttle Endeavour Transport |url=https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/california-science-center-unveils-giant-lever-exhibit-featuring-the-toyota-tundra-used-during-space-shuttle-endeavour-transport-209711431.html |access-date=April 15, 2024 |website=www.prnewswire.com |language=en}}</ref>

Having taken longer than expected, ''Endeavour'' reached the Science Center on October 14 at 7:30pm.<ref>{{Cite web |date=October 14, 2012 |title=Endeavour Arrives at California Science Center |url=http://www.nbclosangeles.com/news/local/Thousands-Watch-as-Shuttle-Nears-California-Science-Center-Endeavour-174096871.html |access-date=October 14, 2012 |publisher=NBC News Los Angeles}}</ref> Prior to its arrival, a building was constructed on the side of the museum to temporarily house the Space Shuttle.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |last=Lin II |first=Rong-Gong |date=October 9, 2014 |title=Space shuttle Endeavour inches closer to completion of final exhibit |url=https://www.latimes.com/local/la-me-endeavour-lab-20141010-story.html |access-date=June 2, 2019 |work=[[Los Angeles Times]]}}</ref> The Space Shuttle's entire journey through the streets of Los Angeles was often dubbed as ''Mission 26: The Big Endeavour'', a nod to its 25 space missions during its career.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Malik |first=Tariq |date=October 17, 2012 |title=Shuttle Endeavour's L.A. Journey Stars in Stunning Time-Lapse Movie |url=https://www.space.com/18109-space-shuttle-endeavour-time-lapse-video.html |access-date=April 7, 2024 |website=Space.com |language=en}}</ref>

=== California Science Center ===
[[File:Space Shuttle Endeavor at the California Science Center.jpg|thumb|''Endeavour'' in the temporary Samuel Oschin Pavilion (February 2023)]]On October 30, 2012, the Space Shuttle ''Endeavour'' was opened to the public.<ref name="casc" /> The shuttle was on display inside the temporary [[Samuel Oschin]] Pavilion,<ref name=":0" /> where guests offered to not only walk around Endeavour, but also under it, as the vehicle was displayed in the horizontal atop four friction-pendulum [[Seismic base isolation|seismic isolators]] to protect it from earthquakes.<ref name="casc" /> The shuttle remained inside the temporary pavilion until December 31, 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pearlman |first=Robert Z. |date=December 31, 2023 |title=End of year, end of exhibit: Space shuttle Endeavour goes off view for a few years |url=https://www.space.com/space-shuttle-endeavour-exhibit-closing-california-science-center |access-date=January 1, 2024 |website=Space.com |language=en}}</ref> A companion exhibit inside the Science Center features images and artifacts that related the Space Shuttle program to [[California]], where the orbiters were originally constructed.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Welcome to the California Science Center |url=http://www.californiasciencecenter.org |publisher=California Science Center}}</ref>

After its decommissioning, ''Endeavour''{{'}}s [[Canadarm]] (formally the 'Shuttle Remote Manipulator System') was removed in order to be sent to the Canadian Space Agency's [[John H. Chapman Space Centre]] in [[Longueuil]], [[Quebec]], a suburb of Montreal, where it was to be placed on display.<ref>{{Cite press release |title=The Canadarm Is Returning Home |date=July 16, 2012 |publisher=Canadian Space Agency |location=Montreal |url=http://www.asc-csa.gc.ca/eng/media/advisories/2012/0716.asp |access-date=October 19, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140326011053/http://www.asc-csa.gc.ca/eng/media/advisories/2012/0716.asp |archive-date=March 26, 2014}}</ref> In a Canadian poll on which science or aerospace museum should be selected to display the Canadarm, originally built by [[Spar Aerospace|SPAR Aerospace]], the Canadian Space Agency's headquarters placed third to last with only 35 out of 638 votes.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Canadian Space Agency Requests Proposals To Display Canadarm At St. Hubert Headquarters |url=http://spaceref.ca/missions-and-programs/canadian-space-agency/canadian-space-agency-plans-to-display-canadarm-at-st-hubert-headquarters-1.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130115145723/http://spaceref.ca/missions-and-programs/canadian-space-agency/canadian-space-agency-plans-to-display-canadarm-at-st-hubert-headquarters-1.html |archive-date=January 15, 2013 |access-date=October 19, 2012 |website=SpaceRefCanada}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=April 12, 2011 |title=Endeavour's Canadarm coming home |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/science/endeavour-s-canadarm-coming-home-1.1035189 |access-date=October 14, 2012 |work=CBC}}</ref> ''Endeavour''{{'}}s Canadarm has since gone on permanent display at the [[Canada Aviation and Space Museum]] in [[Ottawa]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Johnson |first=Andy |date=May 2, 2013 |title=Unveiling exhibit, Hadfield sends first Canadarm 'last command' from space |url=http://www.ctvnews.ca/sci-tech/unveiling-exhibit-hadfield-sends-first-canadarm-last-command-from-space-1.1263958 |access-date=May 2, 2013 |work=CTV News}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Howell |first=Elizabeth |date=May 2, 2013 |title=Space Shuttle's Robotic Arm Goes on Display at Canadian Museum |url=http://www.space.com/20949-space-shuttle-canadarm-museum-exhibit.html |access-date=May 2, 2013 |work=Space.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last= |date=May 2, 2013 |title=Minister Moore Unveils Exhibit for Canada's National Space Icon: the Canadarm |url=http://www.asc-csa.gc.ca/eng/media/news_releases/2013/0502.asp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130506062113/http://www.asc-csa.gc.ca/eng/media/news_releases/2013/0502.asp |archive-date=May 6, 2013 |access-date=July 1, 2013 |work=Canadian Space Agency}}</ref> In August 2015, NASA engineers removed a few of the tanks from ''Endeavour'' for reuse as storage containers for potable water on the International Space Station.<ref>{{Cite news |date=August 19, 2015 |title=Tanks from retired shuttle Endeavour will be used for water storage on space station |url=https://www.usnews.com/news/science/news/articles/2015/08/19/tanks-from-retired-shuttle-endeavour-going-to-space-station?int=aa3609 |access-date=November 20, 2022 |publisher=U.S. News & World Report}}</ref>

On May 28, 2015, NASA donated the ET-94 [[Space Shuttle external tank|external tank]], the last mission-ready one in existence as all others were destroyed during launch. On April 12, 2016, the tank was transported by barge from the [[Michoud Assembly Facility]] in [[New Orleans]], [[Louisiana]], across the [[Panama Canal]], and was safely docked in [[Marina del Rey, California|Marina del Rey]] on May 15.<ref>{{Cite web |title=SPACE SHUTTLE EXTERNAL TANK ET-94 – Emmert International |url=https://www.emmertintl.com/space-shuttle-external-tank-et-94/ |access-date=2024-10-09 |website=www.emmertintl.com}}</ref> The tank was delivered to the Science Center on May 21. It was displayed outside the Samuel Oschin Pavilion until 2023.<ref>{{cite news |date=May 28, 2015 |title=NASA gives California Science Center museum last remaining space shuttle fuel tank |url=http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-space-shuttle-20150528-story.html |access-date=March 6, 2016 |newspaper=LA Times}}</ref><ref name="ET-94toCSS">{{cite web |title=The California Science Center's External Tank |url=http://californiasciencecenter.org/exhibits/air-space/space-shuttle-endeavour/external-tank |access-date=May 29, 2015 |website=California Science Center}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Pearlman |first=Robert Z. |date=May 22, 2016 |title=Space Shuttle External Tank Completes Road Trip to CA Science Center |url=https://www.space.com/32949-space-shuttle-external-tank-completes-road-trip-to-ca-science-center.html |access-date=March 31, 2024 |website=Space.com |language=}}</ref>  On March 28, 2017, both [[Northrop Grumman]] and NASA donated a pair of flight-proven [[Solid rocket booster|solid rocket boosters]] for ''Endeavour'' exhibit. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ray |first=Justin |date=March 28, 2017 |title=Twin solid rockets, reused veterans of spaceflight, set for Endeavour display – Spaceflight Now |url=https://spaceflightnow.com/2017/03/28/twin-solid-rockets-reused-veterans-of-spaceflight-going-on-display-with-endeavour/#:~:text=March%2028,%202017%20Justin%20Ray,Gene%20Blevins/LA%20Daily%20News |access-date=2024-10-09 |language=en-US}}</ref> The rocket parts were delivered on September 11, 2020, and were temporarily stored in the [[Mojave Air and Space Port]] in [[Mojave Desert|Mojave]], [[California]] until construction began.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Shuttle-used rockets roll into California to stand up Endeavour exhibit {{!}} collectSPACE |url=http://www.collectspace.com/news/news-091120a-endeavour-solid-rocket-boosters-mojave.html |access-date=2024-10-09 |website=collectSPACE.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Evans |first=Ben |date=September 20, 2020 |title=Northrop Grumman Donates Flight-Proven SRBs to Endeavour Exhibit at CSC - AmericaSpace |url=https://www.americaspace.com/2020/09/20/northrop-grumman-donates-flight-proven-srbs-to-endeavour-exhibit-at-csc/ |access-date=April 16, 2024 |website=AmericaSpace |language=en-US}}</ref>

==== Samuel Oschin Air and Space Center ====
[[File:Construction of a viewing gallery around Space Shuttle Endeavour, its external tank, and solid rocket boosters at Samuel Oschin Air and Space Center, Los Angeles, California, US.jpg|thumb|Final preparations for joining ''Endeavour'' to its fuel tank and boosters, January 29, 2024]]
The ''Samuel Oschin Air and Space Center'', a new building that is under construction, will serve as ''Endeavour's'' new permanent home. The Space Shuttle will be in a 20-story-tall display mounted on with the ET-94 tank, and solid rocket boosters. Once finished, it will be the only Space Shuttle mounted vertically in [[Launch pad|launch position]]. 

Originally slated to open in 2015, construction on the new building started on June 1, 2022.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Lin II |first1=Rong-Gong |last2=Campa |first2=Andrew J. |date=June 1, 2022 |title=Space shuttle Endeavour is getting its own grand museum in L.A., displayed in launch position |url=https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2022-06-01/endeavour-space-shuttle-california-science-center-groundbreaking |access-date=June 4, 2022 |work=Los Angeles Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Wisdom |first=McKenzie |date=June 9, 2022 |title=Groundbreaking at California Science Center's Samuel Oschin Air and Space Center |url=https://www.mattconstruction.com/blog/non-profit/groundbreaking-at-california-science-centers-samuel-oschin-air-and-space-center/ |access-date=October 11, 2023 |website=MATT Construction |language=en-US}}</ref> Meanwhile, the ET-94 tank underwent some restoration after being used to analyze the foam on its sister tank, ET-93, which was a factor during the [[STS-107]] mission, which resulted in the [[Space Shuttle Columbia disaster|Columbia disaster]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Branson-Potts |first=Hailey |date=April 10, 2016 |title=Last flight-qualified space shuttle fuel tank in existence begins its journey to L.A. |url=https://www.latimes.com/local/california/la-me-0411-space-shuttle-tank-20160411-story.html |access-date=April 20, 2019 |work=[[Los Angeles Times]]}}</ref>

On July 20, 2023, the assembly of the stack began with the aft skirts (bottom segments of the rocket boosters) being precisely positioned on a concrete slab supported by six [[Seismic base isolation|base isolators]] that will protect ''Endeavour'' from earthquakes.<ref>{{Cite news |date=July 20, 2023 |title=California Science Center starts complex process to display Space Shuttle Endeavour vertically |url=https://ktla.com/news/local-news/ap-california-science-center-starts-complex-process-to-display-space-shuttle-endeavour-vertically/ |access-date=July 21, 2023 |work=KTLA |language=en-US |agency=Associated Press}}</ref> The motors for the rocket boosters, which were in storage at the [[Mojave Air and Space Port]],  were installed on October 11, 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Staff |first=KCAL News |date=2023-10-11 |title=Massive rocket motors arrive at California Science Center - CBS Los Angeles |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/losangeles/news/massive-rocket-motors-arrive-at-california-science-center/ |access-date=2024-10-09 |website=www.cbsnews.com |language=en-US}}</ref> The rocket boosters were fully assembled when the tops were added on December 5, 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Endeavour's Final Move |url=https://californiasciencecenter.org/about-us/samuel-oschin-air-and-space-center/go-for-stack |website=California Science Center}}</ref>  

On January 3, 2024, ''Endeavour'' was protected in a shrink wrap, likely to stay on until construction is complete.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pearlman |first=Robert |date=January 3, 2024 |title=Up next for Endeavour LA exhibit: Tank lift and shuttle shrink wrap |url=https://news.yahoo.com/next-endeavour-la-exhibit-tank-200043669.html |access-date=April 3, 2024 |website=Yahoo News |language=en-US}}</ref> The ET-94 tank was then moved into its position in January 16 and was mounted to the rocket boosters.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Lin II |first=Rong-Gong |date=January 2, 2024 |title=Space shuttle Endeavour's giant orange external tank begins final journey |url=https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2024-01-02/space-shuttle-endeavours-giant-orange-external-tank-begins-final-journey |access-date=January 3, 2024 |work=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last1=Campa |first1=Andrew J. |last2=Lin II |first2=Rong-Gong |date=January 12, 2024 |title=Mission accomplished: Space shuttle Endeavour's giant orange fuel tank moved into viewing spot in L.A. |url=https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2024-01-12/shuttle-endeavours-giant-orange-fuel-tank-lifted-but-winds-delay-final-placement |access-date=January 16, 2024 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US}}</ref> On January 30, the Space Shuttle was then moved into its position, thus completing the stack. Once all components are mounted into place, construction on the building will continue, as a complex [[diagrid]] structure will be built around it. Construction work on the building is scheduled to be completed in mid-2025. It will take several more years to install the artifacts and exhibits inside the building.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-10 |title=The Endeavour space shuttle's new home is inching closer to completion |url=https://laist.com/news/endeavour-space-shuttle-milestone-topping-out |access-date=2024-10-11 |website=LAist |language=en}}</ref> An official grand opening is not yet announced.