Editing Steam engine (section)

=== Steam locomotives ===
{{Main|Steam locomotive|Traction engine|Steam tractor}}

As the development of steam engines progressed through the 18th century, various attempts were made to apply them to road and railway use.{{sfn|Payton|2004}}<!--Cugnot is probably ''not'' relevant here. However it is very likely that Murdoch influenced Trevithick.--> In 1784, [[William Murdoch]], a [[Scotland|Scottish]] inventor, built a model steam road locomotive.<ref>{{cite book
  | last =Gordon
  | first =W.J.
  | title =Our Home Railways, volume one
  | publisher =Frederick Warne and Co
  | year =1910
  | location =London
  | pages =7–9
  }}</ref> An early working model of a steam rail locomotive was designed and constructed by steamboat pioneer [[John Fitch (inventor)|John Fitch]] in the United States probably during the 1780s or 1790s.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nps.gov/history/history/online_books/steamtown/shs2.htm |title=Nation Park Service Steam Locomotive article with photo of Fitch Steam model and dates of construction as 1780–1790 |publisher=Nps.gov |date=2002-02-14 |access-date=2009-11-03}}</ref>
His steam locomotive used interior bladed wheels {{clarify|date=August 2020}} guided by rails or tracks.
[[File:Union Pacific 844, Painted Rocks, NV, 2009 (crop).jpg|thumb|[[Union Pacific 844]], an "[[Union Pacific FEF series|FEF-3]]" [[4-8-4]] "Northern" type steam locomotive]]
The first full-scale working railway steam locomotive was built by [[Richard Trevithick]] in the [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|United Kingdom]] and, on 21 February 1804, the world's first railway journey took place as Trevithick's  steam locomotive hauled 10 tones of iron, 70 passengers and five wagons along the [[Rail transport|tramway]] from the [[Penydarren|Pen-y-darren]] ironworks, near [[Merthyr Tydfil]] to [[Abercynon]] in south [[Wales]].{{sfn|Payton|2004}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.museumwales.ac.uk/en/rhagor/article/trevithic_loco/ |title=Richard Trevithick's steam locomotive &#124; Rhagor |publisher=Museumwales.ac.uk |access-date=2009-11-03 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110415125004/http://www.museumwales.ac.uk/en/rhagor/article/trevithic_loco |archive-date=15 April 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news
| title       = Steam train anniversary begins
| url         = http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/wales/3509961.stm
| publisher   = [[BBC]]
| access-date  = 2009-06-13
| quote       = A south Wales town has begun months of celebrations to mark the 200th anniversary of the invention of the steam locomotive. Merthyr Tydfil was the location where, on 21 February 1804, Richard Trevithick took the world into the railway age when he set one of his high-pressure steam engines on a local iron master's tram rails
| date=2004-02-21}}</ref> The design incorporated a number of important innovations that included using high-pressure steam which reduced the weight of the engine and increased its efficiency. Trevithick visited the Newcastle area later in 1804 and the [[Industrial railway|colliery railways]] in north-east England became the leading centre for experimentation and development of steam locomotives.<ref name="Garnett, 2005">{{cite book |last=Garnett |first=A.F. |title=Steel Wheels |publisher=Cannwood Press |year=2005| pages=18–19}}</ref>

Trevithick continued his own experiments using a trio of locomotives, concluding with the [[Catch Me Who Can]] in 1808. Only four years later, the successful twin-cylinder locomotive ''[[The Salamanca|Salamanca]]'' by [[Matthew Murray]] was used by the [[Wagonway#Edgeway, edge rails|edge railed]] [[rack and pinion]] [[Middleton Railway]].<ref name="Young,1923">{{cite book
  |last=Young |first=Robert
  |title=Timothy Hackworth and the Locomotive 
  |publisher=the Book Guild Ltd
  |location=Lewes, UK
  |year=2000
  |edition=reprint of 1923
}}</ref> In 1825 [[George Stephenson]] built the ''[[Locomotion No 1|Locomotion]]'' for the [[Stockton and Darlington Railway]]. This was the first public steam railway in the world and then in 1829, he built ''[[Stephenson's Rocket|The Rocket]]'' which was entered in and won the [[Rainhill Trials]].<ref name="Ellis,1968">{{cite book |title=The Pictorial Encyclopedia of Railways |author=Hamilton Ellis |publisher=The Hamlyn Publishing Group |year=1968 |pages=24–30}}</ref> The [[Liverpool and Manchester Railway]] opened in 1830 making exclusive use of steam power for both passenger and freight trains.

Steam locomotives continued to be manufactured until the late twentieth century in places such as [[List of locomotives in China|China]] and the former [[East Germany]] (where the [[DR Class 52.80]] was produced).<ref>Michael Reimer, Dirk Endisch: ''Baureihe 52.80 – Die rekonstruierte Kriegslokomotive'', GeraMond, {{ISBN|3-7654-7101-1}}</ref>