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Structural violence
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==== Solutions ==== Farmer ultimately claims that "structural interventions" are one possible solution to such violence.<ref name="PLoS" /> However, for structural interventions to be successful, medical professionals need to be capable of executing such tasks; as stated above, though, many of professionals are not trained to do so.<ref name="PLoS" /> Medical professionals still continue to operate with a focus on individual lifestyle factors rather than general socio-economic, cultural, and environmental conditions. This paradigm is considered by Farmer to obscure the structural impediments to changes because it tends to avoid the root causes that should be focused on instead.<ref name="PLoS" /> Moreover, medical professionals can rightly note that structural interventions are not their job, and as result, continue to operate under conventional clinical intervention. Therefore, the onus falls more on political and other experts to implement such structural changes. One response is to incorporate medical professionals and to acknowledge that such active structural interventions are necessary to address real public health issues.<ref name="PLoS" /> Countries such as [[Healthcare in Haiti|Haiti]] and [[Healthcare in Rwanda|Rwanda]], however, have implemented (with positive outcomes) structural interventions, including prohibiting the [[commodification]] of the citizen needs (such as health care); ensuring equitable access to effective therapies; and developing [[social safety net]]s. Such initiatives increase the [[economic, social and cultural rights|social and economic rights]] of citizens, thus decreasing structural violence.<ref name="PLoS" /> The successful examples of structural interventions in these countries have shown to be fundamental. Although the interventions have enormous influence on economical and political aspects of international bodies, more interventions are needed to improve access.<ref name="PLoS" /> Although [[health disparities]] resulting from social inequalities are possible to reduce, as long as health care is exchanged as a commodity, those without the power to purchase it will have less access to it. Biosocial research should therefore be the main focus, while [[sociology]] can better explain the origin and spread of infectious diseases, such as HIV or AIDS. For instance, research shows that the risk of HIV is highly affected by one's behavior and habits. As such, despite some structural interventions being able to decrease premature morbidity and mortality, the social and historical determinants of the structural violence cannot be omitted.<ref name="PLoS" />
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