Editing Testosterone (section)

==== Immune system and inflammation ====
Testosterone deficiency is associated with an increased risk of [[metabolic syndrome]], [[cardiovascular disease]] and [[Mortality rate|mortality]], which are also sequelae of chronic [[inflammation]].<ref name="pmid30582096">{{cite journal |vauthors=Bianchi VE |date=January 2019 |title=The Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Testosterone |journal=Journal of the Endocrine Society |volume=3 |issue=1 |pages=91–107 |doi=10.1210/js.2018-00186 |pmc=6299269 |pmid=30582096}}</ref> Testosterone plasma concentration inversely correlates to multiple [[biomarker]]s of inflammation including [[C-reactive protein|CRP]], [[interleukin 1 beta]], [[interleukin 6]], [[TNF alpha]] and [[endotoxin]] concentration, as well as [[leukocyte]] count.<ref name="pmid30582096" /> As demonstrated by a [[meta-analysis]], substitution therapy with testosterone results in a significant reduction of inflammatory markers.<ref name="pmid30582096" /> These effects are mediated by different mechanisms with synergistic action.<ref name="pmid30582096" /> In androgen-deficient men with concomitant [[autoimmune thyroiditis]], substitution therapy with testosterone leads to a decrease in [[thyroid autoantibody]] titres and an increase in [[thyroid's secretory capacity]] (SPINA-GT).<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Krysiak R, Kowalcze K, Okopień B |date=October 2019 |title=The effect of testosterone on thyroid autoimmunity in euthyroid men with Hashimoto's thyroiditis and low testosterone levels |journal=Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics |volume=44 |issue=5 |pages=742–749 |doi=10.1111/jcpt.12987 |pmid=31183891 |s2cid=184487697 |doi-access=free}}</ref>