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Ticuna language
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=== Vowels === Vowels qualities are {{IPA|/a e i ɨ u o/}}. Vowels may be nasalized and/or show creaky voice, under which tones are lowered.<ref name=":0">Anderson, Doris, ''Conversational Ticuna'', Summer Institute of Linguistics, 1962</ref> There are diphthongs {{IPA|/ai̯/}} and {{IPA|/au̯/}} that carry a single tone, contrasting with vowel sequences {{IPA|/ai/}} and {{IPA|/au/}} that carry two tones. The six vowels may be nasal or laryngealized. The sixth vowel is spelled ''ü''. {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" |- ! rowspan="2" colspan="2" | ! colspan="2" | [[Front vowel|Front]] ! colspan="2" | [[Central vowel|Central]] ! colspan="2" | [[Back vowel|Back]] |- ! {{small|oral}} || {{small|nasal}} ! {{small|oral}} || {{small|nasal}} ! {{small|oral}} || {{small|nasal}} |- ! rowspan="2" | [[Close vowel|Close]] !{{small|plain}} | {{IPA link|i}} || {{IPA link|ĩ}} | {{IPA link|ɨ}} || {{IPA link|ɨ̃}} | {{IPA link|u}} || {{IPA link|ũ}} |- !{{small|creaky}} | {{IPA link|ḭ}} || {{IPA link|ḭ̃}} | {{IPA link|ɨ̰}} || {{IPA link|ɨ̰̃}} | {{IPA link|ṵ}} || {{IPA link|ṵ̃}} |- ! rowspan="2" | [[Mid vowel|Mid]] !{{small|plain}} | {{IPA link|e}} || {{IPA link|ẽ}} | || | {{IPA link|o}} || {{IPA link|õ}} |- !{{small|creaky}} | {{IPA link|ḛ}} || {{IPA link|ḛ̃}} | || | {{IPA link|o̰}} || {{IPA link|õ̰}} |- ! rowspan="2" | [[Open vowel|Open]] !{{small|plain}} | || | {{IPA link|a}} || {{IPA link|ã}} | || |- !{{small|creaky}} | || | {{IPA link|a̰}} || {{IPA link|ã̰}} | || |}
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