Editing Timeline of Christianity (section)

==Reformation==
{{See also|Reformation}}
*1517 The [[Ninety-five Theses]] of [[Martin Luther]], nailed to the door of the Castle Church in Wittenberg, marked the beginning of the [[Reformation]] and the establishment of [[Lutheranism]]
*1518 [[Heidelberg Disputation]]: Martin Luther puts forth his [[Theology of the Cross]]
*1519 [[Leipzig Debate]] between Martin Luther and [[Johann Eck]]
*1519 [[Huldrych Zwingli]] begins the [[Reformed tradition]], sparking the [[Reformation in Switzerland]]
*1520 Luther publishes three monumental works, ''[[To the Christian Nobility of the German Nation]]'', ''[[On the Babylonian Captivity of the Church]]'', and ''[[On the Freedom of a Christian]]''
*1521 Luther refuses to recant his works at the [[Diet of Worms]]
*1521 Papal bull ''[[Decet Romanum Pontificem]]'' (''It Pleases the Roman Pontiff'') excommunicates Luther
*1521 [[Ferdinand Magellan]] claims the Philippines for Spain, first [[Mass (liturgy)|mass]] and subsequent conversion to Catholicism, first in East Asia
*1522 Luther translated the Bible by himself, producing the German New Testament translation also known as the [[Luther Bible]].
*1524 [[De libero arbitrio diatribe sive collatio|The Freedom of the Will]] published by [[Desiderius Erasmus|Erasmus]]
*1525 [[On the Bondage of the Will]] published by Luther in response to Erasmus
*1525 [[Anabaptist]] movement begins
*1526 [[William Tyndale#Printed works|Tyndale's NT]], English NT translation from 1516 [[Textus Receptus|Greek text of Erasmus]], first printed edition, reflects influence of Luther's NT in rejecting priest for [[Elder (religious)|elder]], [[Christian Church|church]] for [[Wiktionary:congregation|congregation]], banned in 1546 by [[Henry VIII of England]]
*1526 Luther publishes his ''[[Deutsche Messe|German Mass]]'' and ''[[The Sacrament of the Body and Blood of Christ—Against the Fanatics]]'', his first written work against the [[Sacramentarians]]
*1528 [[Reformation in Denmark-Norway and Holstein]], Lutheranism is officially adopted
*1528 Luther affirms the real presence of Christ's body and blood in his ''[[Confession Concerning Christ's Supper]]''
*1529 [[Marburg Colloquy]], Luther defends doctrine of Real Presence in discussion with Zwingli
*1530 [[Augsburg Confession]], first doctrinal statement of the [[Lutheran Church]]
*1531 [[Huldrych Zwingli]] is killed during the [[Second war of Kappel]]
*1531 ''[[Our Lady of Guadalupe]]'' in Mexico: According to tradition, when the roses fell from it the icon of the Virgin of Guadalupe appeared imprinted on the cactus cloth. The sudden, extraordinary success of the evangelizing of ten million Indians in the decade of 1531–1541.
*1534 [[Henry VIII]] establishes new independent entity [[Church of England]], see also [[English Reformation]]
*1535–1537 [[Myles Coverdale]]'s Bible, used Tyndale's NT along with Latin and German versions, included [[Apocrypha]] at the end of the OT (like Luther's Bible of 1534) as was done in later English versions, 1537 edition received royal licence, but banned in 1546 by Henry VIII
*1535 [[Thomas More]] refuses to accept King Henry VIII's claim to be the supreme head of the Church in England, and is executed
*1535–1679 [[Forty Martyrs of England and Wales]]
*1536 [[Desiderius Erasmus]], eminent Dutch humanist and editor of the [[Textus Receptus]], dies
*1536 [[Tyndale]] put to death, left his OT translation in manuscript, English ecclesiastical authorities ordered his Bible burned because it was thought to be part of Lutheran reform
*1536 [[Institutes of the Christian Religion]] written by [[John Calvin]] ([[Calvinism]])
*1536 [[John of Leiden]], fanatic Dutch Anabaptist
*1536 [[Jacob Hutter]], founder of [[Hutterites]]
*1536 [[Helvetic Confessions]] of the Reformed Churches of Switzerland
*1536–1540 [[Dissolution of the Monasteries]] in England, Wales and Ireland
*1536 [[Pilgrimage of Grace]]
*1536–1541 [[Michelangelo]] paints "The Last Judgement"
*1537 [[Christian III of Denmark]] decreed Lutheranism state religion of Norway and Denmark
*1537 Luther writes [[Smalcald Articles]]
*1537–1551 [[Matthew Bible]], by [[John Rogers (c.1500–1555)|John Rogers]], based on Tyndale and Coverdale received royal licence but not authorized for use in public worship, numerous editions, 1551 edition contained offensive notes (based on Tyndale)
*1539–1569 [[Great Bible]], by [[Thomas Cromwell]], 1st English Bible to be authorized for public use in English churches, defective in many places, based on last Tyndale's NT of 1534–1535, corrected by a Latin version of the Hebrew OT, Latin Bible of Erasmus, and [[Complutensian Polyglot]], last edition 1569, never denounced by England
*1540 [[Society of Jesus|Jesuit]] order founded by [[Ignatius of Loyola]], helped reconvert large areas of Poland, Hungary, and south Germany and sent missionaries to the New World, India, and China
*1541 [[John Calvin]] returns to [[Geneva]]
*1542 [[Roman Inquisition]] established by [[Pope Paul III]]
*1542 [[Robert Bellarmine]] born – became a Cardinal Inquisitor under [[Pope Clement VIII]]
*1543 [[List of Parliaments of England#Parliaments of Henry VIII|Parliament of England]] bans Tyndale's translation as a "crafty, false and untrue translation"
*1545–1563 Catholic [[Council of Trent]]: Counter-Reformation against Protestantism, clearly defined an official theology and biblical canon
*1549 Original [[Book of Common Prayer]] of the Church of England written by Thomas Cranmer
*1551 The [[Stoglav Church Council]] (One Hundred Chapters) Moscow, Russia
*1552 [[Joachim Westphal (of Hamburg)|Joachim Westphal]] starts controversy against Calvinists, defending Lutheran doctrine of Real Presence
*1552 [[Francis Xavier]], Jesuit missionary, "Apostle of the Indies"
*1553 [[Pontifical Gregorian University]] founded at Vatican City
*1553 [[Michael Servetus]] founder of [[Unitarianism]], burned at the stake in Geneva
*1553–1558 Queen [[Mary I of England]] persecutes reformers: [[John Rogers (c.1500–1555)|John Rogers]], [[Hugh Latimer]], [[Nicholas Ridley (martyr)|Nicholas Ridley]], [[Thomas Cranmer]]; of 238 burned at the stake
*1555 [[Peace of Augsburg]] gives religious freedom in Germany only to Lutheran Protestants
*1558 Church of England permanently reestablished after [[Mary I of England]] dies
*1559 Military [[Order of the Golden Spur]] founded by [[Pope Paul IV]]
*1560 [[Geneva Bible]], NT a revision of Matthew's version of Tyndale with use of [[Theodore Beza]]'s NT (1556), OT a thorough revision of Great Bible, appointed to be read in Scotland (but not England), at least 140 editions, first Bible with chapter and verse numbers
*1560 [[Scots Confession]], [[Church of Scotland]], Scottish Reformation
*1560–1598 [[French Wars of Religion]]
*1560–1812 [[Goa Inquisition]], persecution of Hindus and Jews in India, see also [[Christianity in India]]
*1561 [[Menno Simons]], founder of [[Mennonites]]
*1563 [[Thirty-Nine Articles]] of Church of England, also decreed Biblical canon
*1563 [[Heidelberg Catechism]] of [[Reformed churches]]
*1565-73 ''[[Examination of the Council of Trent]]'' by [[Martin Chemnitz]]
*1566 [[Roman Catechism]] and Index of Prohibited Books published
*1569 [[Metropolitan Philip]] of Moscow strangled by [[Malyuta Skuratov]]
*1570 [[Pope Pius V]] issued a bull ''[[Quo primum]]''; He standardised the [[Holy Mass]] by promulgating the [[Tridentine Mass|1570 edition of the Roman Missal]].
*1571 [[Dutch Reformed Church]] established
*1571 [[Battle of Lepanto (1571)|Battle of Lepanto]] saves Christian Europe; [[Pope Pius V]] organizes the Holy League led by Don Juan de Austria to defend Europe from the larger Islamic Ottoman forces (230 galleys and 56 galliots)
*1572 [[John Knox]] founds Scottish [[Presbyterian]] Church, due to disagreement with Lutherans over sacraments and church government
*1572–1606 [[Bishops' Bible]], a revision of the Great Bible checked against the Hebrew text, 1st to be published in England by episcopal authority
*1572 [[St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre]]: Thousands of Protestants murdered in France
*1577 [[Formula of Concord]] adopted by German Lutherans
*1579 Discovery of the holiest Russian icon, ''[[Our Lady of Kazan]]''
*1580 [[Book of Concord]] of Lutheranism published
*1582 [[St Teresa of Avila]] dies
*1582 [[Gregorian calendar]] of [[Pope Gregory XIII]] adopted at different times in different regions of the world
*1582 Rheims New Testament published – it later became part of the 1610 [[Douay–Rheims Bible]]
*1585 Jesuit scholar [[Francisco Ribera]] publishes first futurist interpretation, of the Biblical books of Daniel and Revelation
*1587 [[Toyotomi Hideyoshi]] expels Jesuits from [[Kyūshū]]
*1587? [[Mission Nombre de Dios|Mission Nombre De Dios]] in [[St. Augustine, Florida]], considered first Catholic mission to North America<ref>{{cite web |url=http://flspmissions.tripod.com/missions/5nombreDeDios.htm |title=NOMBRE DE DIOS Mission in Spanish La Florida |website=flspmissions.tripod.com |access-date=14 March 2015}}</ref>
*1588 [[Spanish Armada]] defeated in its efforts to reconquer England for Catholicism
*1589 [[Patriarch Jove|Metropolitan Jove]] is elected the first [[Patriarch of Moscow]]
*1590 Michelangelo's dome in St Peter's Basilica completed
*1591 [[St John of the Cross]]
*1592 The [[Sixto-Clementine Vulgate|Clementine Vulgate]] of [[Pope Clement VIII]], replaced the [[Sistine Vulgate]] of 1590, the standard Latin Catholic Bible until the [[Second Vatican Council]]
*1596 [[Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church|Ukrainian Catholic Church]] forms when Ukrainian subjects of the king of [[Poland]] are reunited with Rome's, largest [[Byzantine]] Catholic Church
*1598 [[Edict of Nantes]] grants toleration to French Protestants ([[Huguenots]])
*1600 [[Giordano Bruno]], Dominican priest, burned at the stake