Editing Tool (section)

==Use by other animals==
{{Main|Tool use by animals}}

Tool use by animals is a phenomenon in which an animal uses any kind of tool in order to achieve a goal such as acquiring food and water, [[Personal grooming|grooming]], defense, [[Animal communication|communication]], [[Play (activity)|recreation]] or [[Animal architecture|construction]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last1=Shumaker |first1=Robert W. |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1269071005 |title=Animal tool behavior: the use and manufacture of tools by animals |last2=Kristina R. |first2=Walkup |last3=Beck |first3=Benjamin |last4=Burghardt |first4=Gordon M. |date=2011 |publisher=JHU Press |isbn=978-1-4214-0128-7 |edition=2nd |location=Baltimore |oclc=1269071005 |access-date=2022-08-28 |archive-date=2022-08-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220829130914/https://www.worldcat.org/title/1269071005 |url-status=live }}</ref> Originally thought to be a skill possessed only by [[human]]s, some tool use requires a sophisticated level of cognition.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Waal |first=F. B. M. de |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/947844682 |title=Are we smart enough to know how smart animals are? |date=2016 |publisher=Norton & Company |isbn=978-0-393-24619-3 |edition=1st |location=New York |oclc=947844682 |access-date=2022-08-28 |archive-date=2022-08-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220829130913/https://www.worldcat.org/title/947844682 |url-status=live }}</ref> There is considerable discussion about the definition of what constitutes a tool and therefore which behaviours can be considered true examples of tool use.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2">{{Cite book |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/828424636 |title=Tool use in animals: cognition and ecology |date=2013 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1-107-33647-6 |editor-last=Sanz |editor-first=Crickette Marie |location=Cambridge |oclc=828424636 |editor-last2=Call |editor-first2=Josep |editor-last3=Boesch |editor-first3=Cristophe |access-date=2022-08-28 |archive-date=2022-08-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220829130915/https://www.worldcat.org/title/828424636 |url-status=live }}</ref> Observation has confirmed that [[Tool use by animals|a number of species can use tools]] including [[monkey]]s, [[ape]]s, [[elephant]]s, several birds, and [[sea otter]]s. Now the unique relationship of [[human]]s with tools is considered to be that we are the only species that uses tools to make ''other'' tools.<ref name=":0" /><ref name="CooperRobertson1997">{{Cite book |last1=Bjorklund |first1=David F. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Jd8d-i13CnUC |title=International review of industrial and organizational psychology |last2=Bering |first2=Jesse M. |date=5 June 1997 |publisher=John Wiley and Sons |others=Robertson, Ivan T. |isbn=978-0-471-96111-6 |editor-last=Cooper, Cary L. |page=113 |chapter=Big brains, slow development and social complexity:The development and evolutionary origins of social cognition |access-date=10 July 2011 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Jd8d-i13CnUC&pg=PA113 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170106215654/https://books.google.com/books?id=Jd8d-i13CnUC |archive-date=6 January 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref>
[[File:A Bonobo at the San Diego Zoo "fishing" for termites.jpg|thumb|A [[Bonobo]] at the [[San Diego Zoo]] "fishing" for [[termite]]s]] [[Primates]] are well known for using tools for hunting or gathering food and water, cover for rain, and self-defense. Chimpanzees have often been the object of study in regard to their usage of tools, most famously by [[Jane Goodall]]; these animals are closely related to humans. Wild tool-use in other primates, especially among [[ape]]s and [[monkeys]], is considered relatively common, though its full extent remains poorly documented, as many primates in the wild are mainly only observed distantly or briefly when in their natural environments and living without human influence.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /> Some novel tool-use by primates may arise in a localized or isolated manner within certain unique [[Animal culture|primate cultures]], being transmitted and practiced among socially connected primates through [[Cultural learning#In non-human animals|cultural learning]].<ref name=":1" /> Many famous researchers, such as [[Charles Darwin]] in his book ''[[The Descent of Man]]'', mentioned tool-use in [[monkey]]s (such as [[baboon]]s).<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3">{{Cite book |last=Choe |first=Jae C. |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1088561040 |title=Encyclopedia of animal behavior |date=2019 |publisher=Academic Press |isbn=978-0-12-813252-4 |edition=2nd |location=Amsterdam |oclc=1088561040 |access-date=2022-08-28 |archive-date=2022-08-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220829130912/https://www.worldcat.org/title/1088561040 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Among other [[mammals]], both wild and captive [[elephant]]s are known to create tools using their trunks and feet, mainly for swatting flies, scratching, plugging up waterholes that they have dug (to close them up again so the water does not evaporate), and reaching food that is out of reach. Many other [[Social animals|social mammals]] particularly have been observed engaging in tool-use. A group of [[dolphin]]s in [[Shark Bay]] uses [[sea sponge]]s to protect their beaks while foraging. [[Sea otters]] will use rocks or other hard objects to dislodge food (such as [[abalone]]) and break open [[shellfish]]. Many or most mammals of the order [[Carnivora]] have been observed using tools, often to trap or break open the shells of prey, as well as for scratching.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" />

[[Corvid]]s (such as [[crow]]s, [[Raven (bird)|ravens]] and [[Rook (bird)|rooks]]) are well known for their large brains (among [[birds]]) and tool use. [[New Caledonian crow]]s are among the only animals that create their own tools. They mainly manufacture probes out of twigs and wood (and sometimes metal wire) to catch or impale [[larva]]e. Tool use in some birds may be best exemplified in nest intricacy. [[Tailorbird]]s manufacture 'pouches' to make their nests in. Some birds, such as [[weaver bird]]s, build complex nests utilizing a diverse array of objects and materials, many of which are specifically chosen by certain birds for their unique qualities. [[Woodpecker finch]]es insert twigs into trees in order to catch or impale larvae. [[Parrots]] may use tools to wedge nuts so that they can crack open the outer shell of nuts without launching away the inner contents. Some birds take advantage of human activity, such as [[carrion crow]]s in Japan, which drop nuts in front of cars to crack them open.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" />

Several species of [[fish]] use tools to hunt and crack open shellfish, extract food that is out of reach, or clear an area for nesting. Among cephalopods (and perhaps uniquely or to an extent unobserved among [[invertebrates]]), [[octopus]]es are known to use tools relatively frequently, such as gathering coconut shells to create a shelter or using rocks to create barriers.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" />