Editing Transboundary protected area (section)

===Asia===
*[[Govater Bay and Hur-e-Bahu - Jiwani Coastal Wetland]] is a transboundary Ramsar complex on the border of Iran and Pakistan.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://rsis.ramsar.org/ris/1066|title=Jiwani Coastal Wetland {{!}} Ramsar Sites Information Service|website=Rsis.ramsar.org|access-date=2018-02-26}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://rsis.ramsar.org/ris/1006|title=Govater Bay and Hur-e-Bahu {{!}} Ramsar Sites Information Service|website=Rsis.ramsar.org|access-date=2018-02-26}}</ref>
*[[Hamun-e-Puzak, south end - Hamun-e-Saberi & Hamun-e-Helmand]] is a transboundary Ramsar complex on the border of Afghanistan and Iran.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://rsis.ramsar.org/ris/44|title=Hamun-e-Puzak, south end {{!}} Ramsar Sites Information Service|website=Rsis.ramsar.org|access-date=2018-02-26}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://rsis.ramsar.org/ris/42|title=Hamun-e-Saberi & Hamun-e-Helmand {{!}} Ramsar Sites Information Service|website=Rsis.ramsar.org|access-date=2018-02-26}}</ref>
* [[Landscapes of Dauria]] is a World Heritage Site on the border of [[Mongolia]] and [[Russia]] on the Daurian Steppe. It is composed of [[Dornod Mongol Biosphere Reserve]] in Mongolia and [[Daursky Nature Reserve]] in Russia.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1448|title=Landscapes of Dauria|last=UNESCO World Heritage Centre|website=Whc.unesco.org|access-date=2018-01-26}}</ref>
*[[Labi Hills/Gunung Pulu]] Transboundary Complex is a transboundary conservation complex on the border of Brunei and Malaysia.<ref name=tbpa2007 />
* The [[Lanjak Entimau/Batang/Ai/Betung Kerihun Complex]] is a transboundary conservation complex on the border of Indonesia and Malaysia.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://wwf.panda.org/?208763/The-dream-of-a-rainforest-transfrontier-reserve-in-the-Heart-of-Borneo-cross-border-expedition-Betung-Kerihun-Batang-AiLanjak-Entimau|title=The dream of a rainforest transfrontier reserve in the Heart of Borneo: cross-border expedition|access-date=2018-02-05}}</ref> The countries have two additional TBPAs on their border.<ref name=tbpa2007 />
* Taxkorgan is a transboundary protected area on the border of [[Afghanistan]], [[China]], and [[Pakistan]]. Afghanistan's [[Wahan National Park]], China's [[Taxkorgan Nature Reserve]], and Pakistan's [[Khunjerab National Park]] form the site.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/02/02/opinion/saving-more-than-just-snow-leopards.html|title=Opinion {{!}} Saving More Than Just Snow Leopards|last1=Zahler|first1=Peter|date=2014-02-01|work=The New York Times|access-date=2018-01-31|last2=Schaller|first2=George|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> 
*{{Anchor|Turtle Islands Heritage Protected Area}}The Turtle Islands Heritage Protected Area<ref>{{Cite book |last=Miclat |first=Evangeline |title=Marine transboundary conservation and protected areas |last2=Nunez |first2=Enrique |date=2016 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-315-72427-0 |editor-last=Mackelworth |editor-first=Peter |series=Earthscan oceans |location=London New York |chapter=The Philippines–Sabah Turtle Islands Heritage Protected Area (TIHPA)}}</ref> (TIHPA) is a [[marine protected area]] spanning part of Malaysia and the Philippines. The creation of a protected area for nesting was first recommended at the December 1993 First ASEAN Symposium-Workshop on Marine Turtle Conservation.<ref name=":12">{{Cite journal |date=2002 |title=Memorandum of Agreement between the Government of the Republic of the Philippines and the Government of Malaysia on the Establishment of the Turtle Island Heritage Protected Area |journal=Journal of International Wildlife Law and Policy |volume=5 |pages=157}}</ref> Sea turtle egg production had declined by 88% due to over-fishing and habitat destruction,<ref name=":52">{{Cite journal |date=January 1997 |title=Briefly |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0030605300021864/type/journal_article |journal=Oryx |language=en |volume=31 |issue=1 |pages=15–31 |doi=10.1046/j.1365-3008.1997.d01-84.x |issn=0030-6053}}</ref> and a decision was made by both the Philippines and Malaysian governments to safeguard their rookeries.<ref name=":62">{{Cite journal |last=Mackelworth |first=Peter |date=April 2012 |title=Peace parks and transboundary initiatives: implications for marine conservation and spatial planning |url=https://conbio.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1755-263X.2012.00223.x |journal=Conservation Letters |language=en |volume=5 |issue=2 |pages=90–98 |doi=10.1111/j.1755-263X.2012.00223.x |issn=1755-263X|doi-access=free }}</ref> The establishment of the area occurred during a territorial dispute between the two countries over their maritime borders.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Guerreiro |first=José |last2=Chircop |first2=Aldo |last3=Grilo |first3=Catarina |last4=Viras |first4=Ana |last5=Ribeiro |first5=Raquel |last6=van der Elst |first6=Rudy |date=September 2010 |title=Establishing a transboundary network of marine protected areas: Diplomatic and management options for the east African context |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0308597X10000151 |journal=Marine Policy |language=en |volume=34 |issue=5 |pages=896–910 |doi=10.1016/j.marpol.2010.01.014|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref name=":22">{{Cite journal |last=Ângelo Guerreiro da Silva |first=José |last2=Curto Fernandes e Castro Ribeiro |first2=Raquel |last3=de Carvalho Cameira Mocinho Viras |first3=Ana |last4=Bentes Silva Grilo |first4=Catarina |date=2012-06-08 |editor-last=Azeiteiro |editor-first=Ulisses M |title=Transboundary MPAs: a challenge for the twenty‐first century |url=https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/14777831211232191/full/html |journal=Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal |language=en |volume=23 |issue=4 |pages=328–346 |doi=10.1108/14777831211232191 |issn=1477-7835|url-access=subscription }}</ref> On May 31, 1996, a memorandum of agreement was signed by the two governments and the area was formally established<ref name=":32">{{Cite journal |last=Ellett |first=Lindsey G. |last2=Thomsen |first2=Jennifer M. |last3=Besançon |first3=Charles |date=January 2025 |title=Potential barriers and windows of opportunity for transboundary marine management in the Sulu-Sulawesi seascape: A policy analysis |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0308597X24004731 |journal=Marine Policy |language=en |volume=171 |pages=106473 |doi=10.1016/j.marpol.2024.106473|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref name=":12" /> with three islands in Malaysia and six in the Philippines.<ref name=":22" /> The Malaysia government cleared their islands of people and created the [[Turtle Islands Park]]<ref name=":02">{{Cite journal |last=Fischer |first=Cecilia |last2=Trono |first2=Romeo B. |last3=Salinas |first3=Rizza Araceli F. |date=December 2021 |title=Addressing gaps in socio-economic and natural assets to halt marine turtle egg poaching: A livelihood feasibility study in the Turtle Islands Wildlife Sanctuary, Philippines |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2351989421004637 |journal=Global Ecology and Conservation |language=en |volume=32 |pages=e01913 |doi=10.1016/j.gecco.2021.e01913|doi-access=free }}</ref> on October 1, 1997;<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kheng-Lian |first=Koh |last2=Robinson |first2=Nicholas A. |title=Strengthening Sustainable Development in Regional Inter-Governmental Governance: Lessons from the ASEAN Way |journal=Singapore Journal of International & Comparative Law |volume=6 |pages=652-653}}</ref> the Philippines officially created the [[Turtle Islands Wildlife Sanctuary]] to administer their islands in 1999.<ref name=":02" /> Both regions are administered primarily by their respective governments, though there is a joint management committee.<ref name=":62" /> The TIHPA is the largest turtle nesting area and only nesting area for the [[green sea turtle]] (''Chelonia mydas'') in [[ASEAN]].<ref name=":02" /><ref name=":42">{{Citation |last=China-ASEAN Environmental Cooperation Center |title=Policy Measures for Regional Green Development |date=2018 |work=China-ASEAN Environment Outlook 1 (CAEO-1) |pages=109–153 |url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-981-10-6211-7_4 |access-date=2025-04-29 |place=Singapore |publisher=Springer Singapore |language=en |doi=10.1007/978-981-10-6211-7_4 |isbn=978-981-10-6210-0|url-access=subscription }}</ref> When the site was established, it held the world's largest rookery;<ref name=":52" /> as of 2017, it had remained one of their most important nesting sites.<ref name=":42" /> The area also provides nesting sites for [[Hawksbill turtle]] (''Eretmochelys imbricata''). In 2017, there were 34 species of birds, between 76 and 128 species of fish, 62 species of marine plants, 15 woody plants, and between 24 and 27 genera of corals. It also had snakes and monitor lizards.<ref name=":42" />
* Uvs Nuur Basin is a World Heritage Site on the border of Mongolia and Russia covering [[Uvs Nuur Lake]] and protecting its wetlands.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/769|title=Uvs Nuur Basin|last=UNESCO World Heritage Centre|website=Whc.unesco.org|access-date=2018-01-26}}</ref> Mongolia and Russia have two more bilateral TBPAs on their border.<ref name=tbpa2007 /> 
*[[Wasur-Tonda Transboundary Conservation Area]] is a transboundary conservation complex on the border of Indonesia and Papua New Guinea.<ref name=tbpa2007 />
* The Global Transboundary Conservation Network's 2007 inventory lists an additional 49 TBPAs in Asian nations.<ref name=tbpa2007 />
* The [[Heart of Borneo]] is a transboundary protected area on the island of [[Borneo]] which includes the nations of [[Brunei]], [[Malaysia]], and [[Indonesia]].<ref name="Brosius">{{cite journal |last1=Brosius |first1=J. Peter |last2=Campbell |first2=Lisa M. |title=Collaborative Event Ethnography: Conservation and Development Trade-offs at the World Conservation Congress |journal=Conservation and Society |date=2010 |volume=8 |issue=4 |pages=253 |doi=10.4103/0972-4923.78141|url=http://dlc.dlib.indiana.edu/dlc/bitstream/handle/10535/8308/Collaborative%20Event%20Ethnography.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y |doi-access=free }}</ref>

[[File:Dalmatian Pelican and Great Cormorant in danube delta.jpg|thumb|The [[Danube Delta]] is a TBPA and home to pelicans and cormorants.]]