Editing Urinary retention (section)

===Other===
* [[Tethered spinal cord syndrome]].{{cn|date=May 2025}}
* [[Somatic symptom disorder|Psychogenic]] causes – psychosocial stresses, fear associated with urination, [[paruresis]] ("shy bladder syndrome") – in extreme cases, urinary retention can result.{{cn|date=May 2025}}
* [[noradrenergic]] drugs, that includes [[tricyclic antidepressants]], as well as [[duloxetine]], [[reboxetine]], [[atomoxetine]], [[venlafaxine]],<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Whiskey |first1=Eromona |last2=Taylor |first2=David |date=2013 |title=A review of the adverse effects and safety of noradrenergic antidepressants |journal=Journal of Psychopharmacology |language=en |volume=27 |issue=8 |pages=732–739 |doi=10.1177/0269881113492027 |pmid=23784737 |issn=0269-8811}}</ref> and [[stimulant]]s, such as [[methylphenidate]], [[amphetamine]] and [[Methylenedioxymethamphetamine|MDMA]].
* Use of NSAIDs, or drugs with [[anticholinergic]] properties.{{cn|date=May 2025}}
* Stones or metastases, which can theoretically appear anywhere along the urinary tract, but vary in frequency depending on anatomy.{{cn|date=May 2025}}
* [[Muscarinic antagonist]]s such as [[atropine]] and [[Hyoscine hydrobromide|scopolamine]].{{cn|date=May 2025}}
* Malfunctioning [[artificial urinary sphincter]].{{cn|date=May 2025}}