Editing Vitality curve (section)

=== Lack of empirical evidence ===
[[Rob Enderle]] has argued that "No sane person could sustain the argument for forced ranking once it's applied to products instead of people. Apply it to automobiles and make 20 percent or even 10 percent of any run unsatisfactory by policy, regardless of actual quality, and you'd immediately see that you were institutionalizing bad quality. With people, though, folks remain blind to the fact that forced ranking is walking example of [[confirmation bias]]."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cio.com/article/2394165/forced-rankings-are-institutionalized-stupidity-at-its-worst.html|title=Forced Rankings Are Institutionalized Stupidity at Its Worst|first=Rob|last=Enderle|date=July 13, 2012|website=CIO}}</ref>

[[Jeffrey Pfeffer]] and [[Robert I. Sutton]] have criticized the practice on the grounds that there is limited empirical evidence of its overall usefulness to organizations.<ref>{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1007/s10869-009-9093-5| title = Reactions to Different Types of Forced Distribution Performance Evaluation Systems| journal = Journal of Business and Psychology| volume = 24| pages = 77–91| year = 2009| last1 = Blume | first1 = B. D. | last2 = Baldwin | first2 = T. T. | last3 = Rubin | first3 = R. S. | s2cid = 49532179}} citing Pfeffer, J., & Sutton, R. I. (2006). Evidence-based management. Harvard Business Review, 84, 62–74.</ref>