Editing Voivode (section)

====Second Polish Republic====
[[image:Wojewodowie Polski 1929.jpg|thumb|right|220px|Meetings of the Voivodes in Warsaw, 1929]]
Following the [[National Independence Day (Poland)|declaration of independence]] and the establishment of the [[Second Polish Republic]] and [[Polish Armed Forces (Second Polish Republic)|its armed forces]], the legal basis for establishing voivodeships and restoring the institution of the voivode was the Act of 2 August 1919.<ref>{{cite book|author=Jerzy Jan Lerski|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=luRry4Y5NIYC&pg=PA664|title = Historical dictionary of Poland, 966–1945|publisher = Greenwood Press|date = 1996| isbn= 978-0-313-03456-5| page = 664}}</ref> The Ordinance of the President of the Republic of Poland of 19 January 1928 did not depart from the voivodeships and the voivodes who headed them. Pursuant to the Act of 2 August 1919, the voivoe retained a double position in the voivodeship: he was a representative of the central government in the voivodeship, as well as the head of the general administration bodies subordinated to him. As part of the first function, apart from representing the government at state ceremonies, the voivode was responsible for coordinating the activities of the entire state administration in the voivodeship in accordance with the basic political line of the government.<ref name="secondrepublic" />The scope of the voivode was therefore broad and went beyond the area of matters belonging to the Ministry of the Interior. He also had the right to issue legal acts with force in the territory of the voivodeship. 

His duties included carrying out the orders of individual ministers and taking care of all matters of state administration, excluding tasks falling within the competence of the military, judicial, fiscal, educational, railway, postal and telegraph administration and land offices. Since he had to take care of public security and order in the territory under his control, he was the head of the [[State Police (Poland)|State Police]], in certain situations he could declare a state of emergency and even request military assistance.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://isap.sejm.gov.pl/isap.nsf/download.xsp/WDU19190650395/O/D19190395.pdf|title=Ustawa tymczasowa z dnia 2 sierpnia 1919 r. o organizacji władz administracyjnych II instancji|lang=pl|accessdate=2025-02-04|publisher=Internetowy System Aktów Prawnych - Sejm}}</ref>

The process of organizing and unifying the territorial administration intensified in the 1920s, especially after the [[May Coup (Poland)|May Coup]]. Their culmination was the regulation of the [[President of Poland]], [[Ignacy Mościcki]], of 1928, on the organization and scope of operation of general administration authorities. This act stipulated that the general administration authorities in the regions were voivodes.<ref name="secondrepublic">{{cite web|url=https://repozytorium.uni.wroc.pl/Content/79121/PDF/39_Wojtczak-K.pdf|title=Wojewoda w okresie przemian w ustroju politycznym i administracyjnym między II a III Rzeczypospolitą Polską|publisher=University of Wroclaw|accessdate=2023-04-14|author=Krystyna Wojtczak|pages=531–532}}</ref>

Confidential resolutions of the Council of Ministers issued on 6, 9, and 18 August 1923 established a catalogue of means of influence for the voivodes in relation to all non-combined branches. Since the main task of the voivode was still to ensure security and order, as well as the authority of the government, which required a strong position and quick decision-making, the Council of Ministers, by the regulation of 11 February 1924, enabled voivodes to independently shape the structure of offices subordinate to them and establish departments and divisions with the consent of the minister responsible for a given group of matters and the minister of internal affairs. Only the presidential and budget-economic departments mandatorily existed in each voivodeship office.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://isap.sejm.gov.pl/isap.nsf/download.xsp/WDU19240210225/O/D19240225.pdf|title=Rozporządzenie Rady Ministrów z dnia 11 lutego 1924 r. w przedmiocie organizacji władz administracyjnych II instancji|lang=pl|publisher=Internetowy System Aktów Prawnych - Sejm|accessdate=2025-02-04}}</ref>

Contrary to the provisions of the Act of 1919, the competences of the voivode according to the new legislation was much more wide-ranging. It granted the voivode special supervisory and intervention powers in relation to non-combined administration ({{langx|pl|Administracja niezespolona}}). It could convene meetings of heads of non-combined administration bodies for the purpose of coordination their work from the point of view of the interests of the state, demand explanations from them in specific matters and suspend the enforcement of orders contrary to government policy, could also interfere in personnel matters of non-combined administration bodies.<ref name="secondrepublic" />

The voivode was nominated by the president, personally subordinated to the minister of internal affairs, to the [[Prime Minister of Poland|chairman]] of the [[Council of Ministers (Poland)|Council of Ministers]] and to individual ministers. In cyclical reports, the voivodes informed among other things, the Ministry of Internal Affairs and other voivodes about the public mood and actions taken, paying attention mainly to the political activity opposed to the ruling camp. In the thirties, the voivode was responsible for the implementation of the goals and policies of the [[Sanation]] camp, hence this position was held by people belonging to the most loyal members of the ruling political group.{{sfn|Sychowicz|Wasilewski|2019|p=41}}