Editing Weimar (section)

== Geography and demographics ==
=== Topography ===
Weimar is situated within the valley of the Ilm river, a tributary of the [[Saale]] river on the southern border of the [[Thuringian Basin]], a fertile agricultural area between the [[Harz]] mountains {{cvt|70|km}} to the north and the [[Thuringian Forest]] {{cvt|50|km}} to the southwest. The municipal terrain is hilly; the height of the city centre in the Ilm valley is approximately 200 m of elevation. To the north, the terrain rises to [[Ettersberg]], the city's backyard mountain, 482 m in height. The range of hills in the south of Weimar rises up to 370 m and is part of the Ilm Saale Plate [[Muschelkalk]] formation. The eastern, central and western parts of the municipal territory are in agricultural use, whereas the Ettersberg and some southern areas are wooded.

=== Climate ===
Weimar has a [[humid continental climate]] (''Dfb'') or an [[oceanic climate]] (''Cfb'') according to the [[Köppen climate classification]] system.<ref name = koppen>{{cite journal |last1=Kottek |first1=M. |last2=Grieser |first2=J. |last3=Beck |first3=C. |last4=Rudolf |first4=B. |last5=Rubel |first5=F. |title=World Map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification updated |journal=Meteorol. Z. |volume=15 |pages=259–263 |url=http://www.schweizerbart.de/resources/downloads/paper_free/55034.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110430155105/http://www.schweizerbart.de/resources/downloads/paper_free/55034.pdf |archive-date=2011-04-30 |url-status=live |doi=10.1127/0941-2948/2006/0130 |access-date=22 January 2013 |year=2006 |issue=3 |bibcode=2006MetZe..15..259K}}</ref><ref name=Peel>{{cite journal |last1=Peel |first1=M. C. |last2=Finlayson |first2=B. L. |last3=McMahon |first3=T. A. |year=2007 |title=Updated world map of the Köppen–Geiger climate classification |journal=Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. |volume=11 |issue=5 |pages=1633–1644 |doi=10.5194/hess-11-1633-2007 |bibcode=2007HESS...11.1633P |url=http://www.hydrol-earth-syst-sci.net/11/1633/2007/hess-11-1633-2007.html |issn=1027-5606 |doi-access=free |access-date=11 October 2013 |archive-date=10 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170210144308/http://www.hydrol-earth-syst-sci.net/11/1633/2007/hess-11-1633-2007.html |url-status=live }} ''(direct: [http://www.hydrol-earth-syst-sci.net/11/1633/2007/hess-11-1633-2007.pdf Final Revised Paper] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120203170339/http://www.hydrol-earth-syst-sci.net/11/1633/2007/hess-11-1633-2007.pdf |date=3 February 2012 }})''</ref> Summers are warm and sometimes humid with average high temperatures of {{cvt|23|C|F}} and lows of {{cvt|12|C|F}}. Winters are relatively cold with average high temperatures of {{cvt|2|C|F}} and lows of {{cvt|-3|C|F}}. The city's topography creates a microclimate caused through the basin position with sometimes [[Inversion (meteorology)|inversion]] in winter (quite cold nights under {{cvt|-20|C|F}}). Annual precipitation is only {{cvt|535|mm|in|sp=us}} with moderate rainfall throughout the year. Light snowfall occurs, mainly from December through February, but snow cover does not usually remain for long.

The Weimar ([[Erfurt–Weimar Airport]]) weather station has recorded the following extreme values:<ref name=sklima/>
* Its highest temperature was {{convert|37.6|C|F}} on [[2022_European_heatwaves#July_heatwave_2|20 July 2022]].
* Its lowest temperature was {{convert|-25.0|C|F}} on 11 January 1982.
* Its greatest annual precipitation was {{convert|766.9|mm|in|abbr=on}} in 2002.
* Its least annual precipitation was {{convert|295.6|mm|in|abbr=on}} in 1982.
* The longest annual sunshine was 2,039.4 hours in 2022.
* The shortest annual sunshine was 1,341 hours in 1977.

{{Erfurt-Weimar weatherbox}}

=== Administrative division ===
[[File:Weimar Stadtgliederung.png|thumb|Districts of Weimar]]
Weimar abuts the district of [[Weimarer Land]] with the municipalities [[Berlstedt]], [[Ettersburg]], [[Kleinobringen]], [[Großobringen]] and [[Wohlsborn]] in the north, [[Kromsdorf]], [[Umpferstedt]] and [[Mellingen, Germany|Mellingen]] in the east, [[Vollersroda]], [[Buchfart]], [[Hetschburg]], [[Bad Berka]] and [[Troistedt]] in the south and Nohra, [[Daasdorf am Berge]], [[Hopfgarten, Thuringia|Hopfgarten]] and [[Ottstedt am Berge]] in the west.

The city itself is divided into 10 inner urban and 11 suburban districts. The centre is formed by the district ''Altstadt'' (old town) and the [[Gründerzeit]] districts ''Nordvorstadt'' in the north, ''Parkvorstadt'' in the east and ''Westvorstadt'' in the south and west. Later additions are ''Südstadt'' in the south and ''Schönblick'' in the southwest. Finally, there are the [[Plattenbau]] settlements, constructed during the [[East Germany|GDR]] period, ''Weststadt'' and ''Nordstadt'' as well as two industrial areas in the north and west.

The 11 suburban districts are villages which became incorporated during the 20th century; however, they have mostly stayed rural to date: 
*Gaberndorf (incorporated in 1994)
*Gelmeroda (1994)
*Legefeld/Holzdorf (1994)
*Niedergrunstedt (1994)
*Oberweimar/Ehringsdorf (1922)
*Possendorf (1994)
*Schöndorf (1939)
*Süßenborn (1994)
*Taubach (1994)
*Tiefurt (1922)
*Tröbsdorf (1994)

=== Demographics ===
[[File:Weimar Einwohner.svg|thumb|History of population until 2010]]

Over the centuries, Weimar remained a small town of less than 5,000 inhabitants. When it became the capital of Saxe-Weimar in 1572, population growth was stimulated and the population increased from 3,000 in 1650 to 6,000 in 1750. Around the year 1800, Weimar had 7,000 inhabitants. Their number grew constantly over the years to 13,000 in 1850, 28,000 in 1900 and 35,000 at the beginning of World War I. During the interwar period, the new capital of Thuringia saw a population boom, which led to 65,000 inhabitants in 1940. Since that time, the population levels have stagnated. The years 2009 to 2012 brought a moderate growth of approximately 0.35% per year, whereas the population in bordering rural regions is shrinking with accelerating tendency. Suburbanization played only a small role in Weimar. It occurred after the reunification for a short time in the 1990s, but most of the suburban areas were situated within the administrative city borders.

The birth surplus was +3 in 2012, this is +0.0 per 1,000 inhabitants (Thuringian average: −4.5; national average: −2.4). The net migration rate was +4.5 per 1,000 inhabitants in 2012 (Thuringian average: -0.8; national average: +4.6).<ref>According to [http://www.tls.thueringen.de/startseite_hinweis.asp Thüringer Landesamt für Statistik] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131012040533/http://www.tls.thueringen.de/startseite_hinweis.asp |date=12 October 2013 }}</ref> The most important regions of origin are rural areas of Thuringia, [[Saxony-Anhalt]] and [[Saxony]] as well as foreign countries like Poland, Russia, Ukraine, Hungary, Serbia, Romania and Bulgaria.{{citation needed|date=May 2020}}

Like other eastern German cities, Weimar has a relatively small foreign population (compared to the German average): circa 4.0% are non-Germans by citizenship, while 7.9% have a migrant background (according to [[2011 EU census]]).<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://ergebnisse.zensus2011.de/?locale=en#StaticContent:160550000000,BEG_1_4_8,m,table |title=Population depending on citizenship (groups) and migrant background and experience |website=Zensus 2011 |access-date=2020-05-17 |archive-date=10 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161110002707/https://ergebnisse.zensus2011.de/?locale=en#StaticContent:160550000000,BEG_1_4_8,m,table |url-status=live }}</ref> Differing from the national average, the biggest groups of migrants in Weimar are [[Vietnamese people in Germany|Vietnamese people]], [[Russians in Germany|Russians]] and [[Ukrainians in Germany|Ukrainians]].{{citation needed|date=May 2020}} During recent years, the economic situation of the city improved: the unemployment rate declined from 20% in 2005 to 5.1% in 2019.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de/Navigation/Statistik/Statistik-nach-Regionen/Politische-Gebietsstruktur/Thueringen/Weimar-Stadt-Nav.html |title=Arbeitsmarkt im Überblick – Berichtsmonat Dezember 2019 – Weimar, Stadt |website=Bundesagentur für Arbeit |language=de |access-date=2020-05-17 |archive-date=14 February 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160214005136/http://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de/Navigation/Statistik/Statistik-nach-Regionen/Politische-Gebietsstruktur/Thueringen/Weimar-Stadt-Nav.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Due to the official atheism in the former [[East Germany|GDR]], most of the population is non-religious. 21.1% are members of the [[Evangelical Church in Central Germany]] and 6.8% are Catholics (according to 2011 EU census).<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://ergebnisse.zensus2011.de/?locale=en#StaticContent:160550000000,BEG_1_1_5,m,table |title=Population depending on sex and religion (in detail) |website=Zensus 2011 |access-date=2020-05-17 |archive-date=10 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161110002707/https://ergebnisse.zensus2011.de/?locale=en#StaticContent:160550000000,BEG_1_1_5,m,table |url-status=live }}</ref>