Editing Wh-movement (section)

===Obligatory pied-piping===
In some cases of wh-fronting, pied-piping is obligatory, and the entire encompassing phrase must be fronted for the sentence to be grammatically correct. In the following examples, the moved phrase is underlined:

::a. Susan is reading <u>'''Fred's''' novel</u>.
::b. <u>'''Whose''' novel</u> is Susan reading? <small>– Pied-piping of ''novel''</small> 
::c. *<u>'''Whose'''</u> is Susan reading <u>novel</u>? <small>– Sentence is incorrect because pied-piping has not occurred</small>

::a. The music is <u>'''very''' loud</u>. 
::b. <u>'''How''' loud</u> is the music? <small>– Pied-piping of ''loud''</small>
::c. *<u>'''How'''</u> is the music <u>loud</u>? <small>– Sentence is incorrect because pied-piping has not occurred</small>

These examples illustrate that pied-piping is often necessary when the wh-word is inside a noun phrase or adjective phrase. Pied-piping is motivated in part by the barriers and islands to extraction (see below). When the wh-word appears underneath a blocking category or in an island, the entire encompassing phrase must be fronted.