Editing Wind wave (section)

==Seismic signals==
{{main|Microseism}}
Ocean water waves generate seismic waves that are globally visible on [[seismographs]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.earth.northwestern.edu/people/seth/327/HV/Chapter_4_rev1.pdf |title=Peter Bormann. Seismic Signals and Noise |access-date=2012-03-08 |archive-date=2016-03-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304002410/http://www.earth.northwestern.edu/people/seth/327/HV/Chapter_4_rev1.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> There are two principal constituents of the ocean wave-generated seismic microseism.<ref>[https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Fabrice_Ardhuin/publication/270817702_How_ocean_waves_rock_the_Earth_two_mechanisms_explain_microseisms_with_periods_3_to_300_s/links/54b5281d0cf26833efd07065.pdf Ardhuin, Fabrice, Lucia Gualtieri, and Eleonore Stutzmann. "How ocean waves rock the Earth: two mechanisms explain seismic noise with periods 3 to 300 s." Geophys. Res. Lett. 42 (2015).]</ref>  The strongest of these is the secondary microseism which is created by ocean floor pressures generated by interfering ocean waves and has a spectrum that is generally between approximately 6–12 s periods, or at approximately half of the period of the responsible interfering waves. The theory for microseism generation by standing waves was provided by [[Michael S. Longuet-Higgins|Michael Longuet-Higgins]] in 1950 after in 1941 Pierre Bernard suggested this relation with standing waves on the basis of observations.<ref>{{cite journal |first=P. | last=Bernard |author-link=P. Bernard |title=Sur certaines proprietes de la boule etudiees a l'aide des enregistrements seismographiques |journal=Bulletin de l'Institut Océanographique de Monaco |volume=800 |pages=1–19 |year=1941 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |first=M. S. | last=Longuet-Higgins |author-link=Michael S. Longuet-Higgins |title=A theory of the origin of microseisms |journal=[[Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A]] |volume=243 |pages=1–35 |year=1950 |doi=10.1098/rsta.1950.0012 |issue=857 |bibcode = 1950RSPTA.243....1L | s2cid=31828394 }}</ref>  The weaker primary microseism, also globally visible, is generated by dynamic seafloor pressures of propagating waves above shallower (less than several hundred meters depth) regions of the global ocean. Microseisms were first reported in about 1900, and seismic records provide long-term proxy measurements of seasonal and climate-related large-scale wave intensity in Earth's oceans <ref>{{cite journal |last1=Reguero |first1=Borja |last2=Losada |first2=Inigo J. |last3=Mendez |first3=Fernand J. |title=A recent increase in global wave power as a consequence of oceanic warming |journal=Nature Communications |date=2019 |volume=10 |issue=1 |pages=205 |doi=10.1038/s41467-018-08066-0|doi-access=free |pmid=30643133 |pmc=6331560 |bibcode=2019NatCo..10..205R }}</ref> including those associated with [[anthropogenic global warming]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Aster |first1=Richard C. |last2=McNamara |first2=Daniel E. |last3=Bromirski |first3=Peter D. |title=Multidecadal climate-induced variability in microseisms |journal=Seismological Research Letters |date=2008 |volume=79 |issue=2 |pages=94–202 |doi=10.1785/gssrl.79.2.194|bibcode=2008SeiRL..79..194A }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Bromirski |first1=Peter |title=Climate-Induced Decadal Ocean Wave Height Variability From Microseisms: 1931–2021 |journal=Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans |date=2023 |volume=128 |issue=8 |page=e2023JC019722 |doi=10.1029/2023JC019722|doi-access=free |bibcode=2023JGRC..12819722B }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Aster |first1=Richard C. |last2=Ringler |first2=Adam T. |last3=Anthony |first3=Robert E. |last4=Lee |first4=Thomas A. |title=Increasing ocean wave energy observed in Earth's seismic wavefield since the late 20th century |journal=Nature Communications |date=2023 |volume=14 |issue=1 |page=6984 |doi=10.1038/s41467-023-42673-w|doi-access=free |pmid=37914695 |pmc=10620394 }}</ref>