Editing 1013

{{Use mdy dates|date=December 2024}}
{{About year|1013}}
{{Year nav|1013}}
{{C11 year in topic}}
[[File:Sweyn Forkbeard.jpg|upright=1.35|thumb|King [[Sweyn Forkbeard]] (960–1014)]]
Year '''1013''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MXIII]]''') was a [[common year starting on Thursday]] of the [[Julian calendar]].

== Events ==
<onlyinclude>

=== By place ===
==== Europe ====
* King [[Henry II, Holy Roman Emperor|Henry II]] of [[Germany]] signs a peace treaty at [[Merseburg]] with Duke [[Bolesław I the Brave]]) of [[Greater Poland|Poland]]. As part of the treaty, Bolesław pays [[Homage (feudal)|homage]] and recognizes Henry as his overlord in exchange for receiving the [[March of Lusatia]] (including the town of [[Bautzen]]) and the [[Margravate of Meissen|March of Meissen]] as [[fief]]s. To seal their peace, Bolesław's son [[Mieszko II Lambert|Mieszko II]] marries [[Richeza of Lotharingia]] (granddaughter of the late Emperor [[Otto II, Holy Roman Emperor|Otto II]]).
* [[Sulayman ibn al-Hakam]] reconquers the [[Caliphate of Córdoba]] in [[Al-Andalus]] (modern [[Spain]]) and deposes [[Hisham II]]. Sulayman becomes the fifth [[Umayyad Caliphate|Umayyad]] caliph of Córdoba (until [[1016]]).
* Winter &ndash; Henry II (anxious to be crowned as [[Holy Roman Emperor]]) mobilises a German expeditionary army at [[Augsburg]], to begin his second Italian military campaign.

==== England ====
* Summer &ndash; Danish [[Vikings|Viking]] raiders led by [[Sweyn Forkbeard]] (accompanied by his son [[Cnut the Great|Cnut]]) sail from [[Denmark]] to attack [[Kingdom of England|England]]. Again [[London]] defends itself and the Vikings move elsewhere, plundering [[Wessex]], [[Mercia]] and [[Kingdom of Northumbria|Northumbria]]. King [[Æthelred the Unready]] sends his sons [[Edward the Confessor|Edward]] and [[Alfred Aetheling|Alfred]] to [[Duchy of Normandy|Normandy]]. Æthelred retreats to the [[Isle of Wight]] and follows them later into [[exile]].{{sfn|Palmer|Palmer|1992}}
* [[December 25]] &ndash; Sweyn Forkbeard takes control of the [[Danelaw]] and is proclaimed king of England in London. Some of the English provinces refuse to pay homage to Sweyn, who has no dynastic right to claim the throne.{{sfn|Palmer|Palmer|1992}}{{sfn|Williams|2005}}

==== Asia ====
* [[September]] &ndash; [[Emperor Sanjō]] of Japan visits the home of influential statesman [[Fujiwara no Michinaga]].<ref name=Titsingh13/>
* [[December]] &ndash; Fujiwara no Masanobu, an officer of the guard of [[Fujiwara no Kenshi (994–1027)|empress consort Kenshi of Japan]], is killed by Fujiwara no Korekane and Michinaga orders the assassin imprisoned.<ref name=Titsingh13>{{cite book|authorlink=Isaac Titsingh|last=Titsingh|first=Isaac|year=1834|title=Nihon Odai Ichiran, ou Annales des empereurs du Japon|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ&dq=nipon+o+dai+itsi+ran|location=Paris|publisher=Royal Asiatic Society|oclc=5850691|page=155}}</ref>
* The ''[[Four Great Books of Song]]'', the [[Song dynasty]] Chinese encyclopedia ''[[Prime Tortoise of the Record Bureau]]'' which has been compiled since [[1005]], is completed in 1,000 volumes of 9.4 million written [[Chinese characters]].
* [[Kaifeng]], capital of China, becomes the largest city of the world, taking the lead from [[Córdoba, Spain|Córdoba]] in Al-Andalus (modern Spain).{{sfn|Chandler|1989}}{{sfn|Rosenberg|2001}}

=== By topic ===
==== Religion ====
* Æthelred II appoints [[Lyfing (Archbishop of Canterbury)|Lyfing]] as archbishop of [[Diocese of Canterbury|Canterbury]] in England. He restores [[Canterbury Cathedral]], adding porticus towers and a massive [[westwork]].<ref name=Handbook214>Fryde, et al. ''Handbook of British Chronology'', p. 214.</ref>
* [[Beauvais]] changes from a county to a bishopric (approximate date).</onlyinclude>

== Births ==
* [[July 18]] &ndash; [[Hermann of Reichenau]], German [[Music theory|music theorist]] (d. [[1054]])
* [[August 15]] &ndash; [[Princess Teishi|Teishi]] (''Yōmeimon-in''), Japanese empress consort (d. [[1094]])
* [[September 22]] &ndash; [[Richeza of Poland, Queen of Hungary|Richeza]] (or Adelaide), queen of [[Kingdom of Hungary (1000–1301)|Hungary]] (d. [[1075]])
* [[Abu al-Walid al-Baji]], Moorish scholar and poet (d. [[1081]])
* [[Guaimar IV of Salerno]], Italian [[Nobility|nobleman]] (approximate date)
* [[Isaac Alfasi]], Algerian [[Talmud]]ist and [[posek]] (d. [[1103]])

== Deaths ==
* [[April 19]] &ndash; [[Hisham II]], caliph of [[Caliphate of Córdoba|Córdoba]] ([[Spain]]) (b. [[966]])
* [[June 5]] &ndash; [[Al-Baqillani]], Arab theologian, [[Faqīh|jurist]] and [[logic]]ian
* {{circa}} August &ndash; [[Mufarrij ibn Daghfal ibn al-Jarrah]], Jarrahid emir (b. {{circa}} [[977]])
* [[Al-Mahdi al-Husayn]], Zaidi [[imam]] of [[Yemen]] (b. [[987]])
* [[Al-Zahrawi|Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi]], Arab physician, "[[father of surgery]]", author of ''[[Al-Tasrif]]'' (b. [[936]])
* [[Giselbert I of Roussillon|Giselbert I]], count of [[County of Roussillon|Roussillon]] (Spain) (or [[1004]])
* [[Reginar IV, Count of Mons|Reginar IV]], French nobleman (approximate date)

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==Sources==

{{refbegin}}

* {{cite book
| title     = Four Thousand Years of Urban Growth
| first1    = Tertius
| last1     = Chandler
| date      = 1989
| publisher = [[Edwin Mellen Press]]
| isbn      = 978-0889462076
}}
 
* {{cite book
| last1     = Palmer
| first1    = Alan
| last2     = Palmer
| first2    = Veronica
| date      = 1992
| title     = Chronology of British History
| publisher = Century Ltd / Barrie & Jenkins
| location  = London
| pages     = 48–49
| isbn      = 978-0712656160
}}

* {{cite web
 |title=Largest Cities Through History 
 |first1=Matt T. 
 |last1=Rosenberg 
 |date=2001 
 |url=http://geography.about.com/library/weekly/aa011201a.htm 
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010218202126/http://geography.about.com/science/geography/library/weekly/aa011201a.htm 
 |archive-date=February 18, 2001 
 |url-status=live 
 |publisher=About.com 
}}

* {{cite book |last1      = Williams
 |first1     = Hywel
 |title      = Cassell's Chronology of World History
 |url        = https://archive.org/details/cassellschronolo0000will/page/105
 |url-access = registration
 |publisher  = [[Weidenfeld & Nicolson]]
 |date       = 2005
 |isbn       = 978-0304357307
 |pages      = [https://archive.org/details/cassellschronolo0000will/page/105 105–106]
}}

{{refend}}

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