Editing 1016

{{Use mdy dates|date=December 2024}}
{{About year|1016}}
{{Year nav|1016}}
{{C11 year in topic}}
[[File:EdmundIronside Canutethe Dane1.jpg|upright=1.35|thumb|[[Battle of Assandun]]: King [[Edmund Ironside|Edmund II]] (left) is defeated by forces of [[Cnut the Great]].]]
Year '''1016''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MXVI]]''') was a [[leap year starting on Sunday]] of the [[Julian calendar]].

== Events ==
<onlyinclude>

=== By place ===

==== Europe ====
* [[March 25]] &ndash; [[Battle of Nesjar]] (off the coast of Norway): [[Olaf II of Norway|Olaf Haraldsson]] is victorious over former co-regent [[Sweyn Haakonsson]], confirming his status as king of [[Norway]].
* [[April 23]] &ndash; [[Æthelred the Unready]], king of England, dies after a 38-year reign. He is succeeded by his son [[Edmund Ironside|Edmund II "Ironside"]].{{sfn|Williams|2005}}
* Summer &ndash; [[Battle of Brentford (1016)|Battle of Brentford]] (near [[London]]): Edmund Ironside defeats the [[Danes (Germanic tribe)|Danes]] under King [[Cnut the Great|Cnut]].{{sfn|Palmer|Palmer|1992}}
* [[July 6]] &ndash; [[Battle of Pontlevoy]]: French forces of [[Fulk III, Count of Anjou|Fulk III]] and [[Herbert I, Count of Maine|Herbert I]] defeat [[Odo II, Count of Blois|Odo II]] which determines the balance of power in the [[Loire Valley]].{{sfn|Bradbury|2004}}
* [[October 18]] &ndash; [[Battle of Assandun]]: Cnut defeats Edmund Ironside, leaving the latter as king of [[Wessex]].{{sfn|Williams|2005}}
* [[November 30]] &ndash; Edmund II dies and Cnut takes control of the whole of the [[Kingdom of England]].{{sfn|Williams|2005}}
* The [[Republic of Pisa|Pisan]] and the [[Republic of Genoa|Genoese]] republics launch a naval offensive against the Muslim strongholds of [[Sardinia]], in particular [[Porto Torres]], and defeat the fleet of the [[taifa]] king of [[Dénia]], [[Mujāhid al-ʿĀmirī]].{{sfn|Benvenuti|1985}}
* [[Melus of Bari]] makes a second attempt against Byzantine-held [[Southern Italy]]. To support his cause, he hires [[Normans|Norman]] mercenaries, unwittingly triggering the rise of [[Norman conquest of southern Italy|Norman rule over southern Italy]].{{sfn|Kleinhenz|2010}} 
* [[Georgius Tzul]], ruler of [[Khazaria]], is captured by a combined [[Byzantine Empire]]–[[Kievan Rus']] force, which effectively ends Khazaria's existence.

==== Arabian Empire ====
* [[January 7]] &ndash; [[Fath al-Qal'i]], governor of the [[Citadel of Aleppo]], revolts against Emir [[Mansur ibn Lu'lu']], forcing him to flee. Fath accepts an agreement with [[Salih ibn Mirdas]] and takes control of [[Aleppo]].

==== Asia ====
* [[March 10]] &ndash; Emperor [[Emperor Sanjō|Sanjō]] of Japan abdicates the [[throne]] after a 5-year reign. He is succeeded by his 7-year-old cousin [[Emperor Go-Ichijō|Go-Ichijō]] as the 68th emperor of Japan. [[Fujiwara no Michinaga]] is appointed regent.
* Japanese poet [[Koshikibu no Naishi]] (lady-in-waiting to Dowager Empress Shōshi) and her husband Fujiwara no Kiminari (son of Michinaga) have a son, but the couple is not accepted because of the social gap between them.<ref>{{citation|work=Mypaedia|title=Koshikibu no Naishi|year=2007|publisher=Hitachi Systems & Services}}.</ref></onlyinclude>

== Births ==
* [[April 3]] &ndash; [[Emperor Xingzong of Liao|Xing Zong]], emperor of the [[Liao dynasty]] (d. [[1055]])
* [[June 9]] &ndash; [[Deokjong of Goryeo|Deokjong]], ruler of [[Goryeo]] ([[Korea]]) (d. [[1034]])
* [[July 25]] &ndash; [[Casimir I the Restorer]], duke of [[Greater Poland|Poland]] (d. [[1058]])
* [[August 24]] &ndash; [[Fujiwara no Genshi]], Japanese empress (d. [[1039]])
* [[October 28]] &ndash; [[Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor|Henry III]], Holy Roman Emperor (d. [[1056]])
* [[Empress Cao (Song dynasty)|Cao]], empress and [[regent]] of [[Song dynasty]] China (d. [[1079]])
* [[Edward the Exile]], son of Edmund II of England (d. [[1057]])
* [[Không Lộ]], Vietnamese [[Zen master]] (approximate date)
* [[Minamoto no Tsunenobu]], Japanese [[Nobility|nobleman]] (d. [[1097]])
* [[Svein Knutsson]], king of [[Norway]] (d. [[1035]])
* [[Yan Vyshatich]], Kievan nobleman (d. [[1106]])

== Deaths ==
* [[April 23]] &ndash; [[Æthelred the Unready]], king of [[Kingdom of England|England]]
* [[May 22]] &ndash; [[Jovan Vladimir]], Serbian prince (b. [[990]])
* [[September 6]] &ndash; Fujiwara no Bokushi, great-grandmother of the Emperor of Japan
* [[October 18]] 
** [[Ælfric of Hampshire]], English nobleman
** [[Eadnoth the Younger]], bishop of [[Diocese of Lincoln|Dorchester]] in England
** [[Ulfcytel Snillingr]], English nobleman
* [[November 30]] &ndash; [[Edmund Ironside|Edmund II "Ironside"]], king of England
* [[Badis ibn Mansur]], Muslim emir of the [[Zirid dynasty]]
* [[Henry II the Good, Count of Stade|Henry II "the Good"]], count of [[Stade (district)|Stade]] (b. [[946]])
* [[Liu Chenggui]], official of Song dynasty China (b. [[951]])
* [[Simeon of Mantua]], Armenian [[Order of Saint Benedict|Benedictine]] monk
* [[Sulayman ibn al-Hakam]], caliph of [[Caliphate of Córdoba|Córdoba]]
* [[Uhtred the Bold]], English nobleman
* [[Wulfgar of Abingdon]], English [[abbot]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==Sources==

{{refbegin}}

* {{cite book 
| last      = Ambraseys 
| first     = N. 
| authorlink= Nicholas Ambraseys
| date      = 2009 
| title     = Earthquakes in the Mediterranean and Middle East: A Multidisciplinary Study of Seismicity up to 1900 
| url       = https://books.google.com/books?id=FzXSBgAAQBAJ&pg=PT713 
| edition   = First 
| publisher = Cambridge University Press 
| pages     = 259, 260 
| isbn      = 978-0521872928
}}

* {{cite book
| last1     = Benvenuti
| first1     = Gino
| title     = Le Repubbliche Marinare. Amalfi, Pisa, Genova e Venezia
| date      = 1985
| publisher = Newton & Compton Editori
| location  = Rome
| isbn      = 978-8882895297
| page      = 33
| language  = Italian
}}

* {{cite book
| editor1-last  = Kleinhenz
| editor1-first = Christopher
| title     = Medieval Italy: an encyclopedia
| date      = 2010
| publisher = Routledge
| volume    = 1
| isbn      = 978-0415939294
| url       = https://books.google.com/books?id=1piMMqjAf1MC
| page      = 95
}}

* {{cite book
| last1     = Palmer
| first1    = Alan
| last2     = Palmer
| first2    = Veronica
| date      = 1992
| title     = Chronology of British History
| publisher = Century Ltd / Barrie & Jenkins
| location  = London
| pages     = 48–49
| isbn      = 978-0712656160
}}

* {{cite book |last1      = Williams
 |first1     = Hywel
 |title      = Cassell's Chronology of World History
 |url        = https://archive.org/details/cassellschronolo0000will/page/105
 |url-access = registration
 |publisher  = Weidenfeld & Nicolson
 |date       = 2005
 |isbn       = 978-0304357307
 |pages      = [https://archive.org/details/cassellschronolo0000will/page/105 105–106]
 }}

* {{cite book
| last1     = Bradbury
| first1    = Jim
| title     = The Routledge Companion to Medieval Warfare
| date      = 2004
| isbn      = 0-415-22126-9
}}

{{refend}}


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[[Category:1016| ]]