Editing 1023

{{About year|1023|the campaign|10:23 campaign}}
{{Year nav|1023}}
{{C11 year in topic}}
[[File:Kou Zhun.jpg|upright=1.35|thumb|[[Kou Zhun]] (Pingzhong) (c. 961–1023)]]
Year '''1023''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MXXIII]]''') was a [[common year starting on Tuesday]] of the [[Julian calendar]].

== Events ==
=== January&ndash;March ===
* [[January 16]] &ndash; (21 Shawwal 413 AH) The Grand Vizier of the [[Fatimid Caliphate]] in [[Egypt]] is executed only nine months after succeeding Khatir-al-Mulk.<ref>Yaacov Lev, ''State and Society in Fatimid Egypt'' (Brill, 2022) p.36</ref>
* [[January 24]] &ndash; A solar eclipse is visible from [[London]].<ref>Samuel J. Johnson, ''Eclipses, Past and Future, With General Hints for Observing the Heavens'' (James Parker and Company, 1874) p.44</ref>
* [[February 5]] &ndash; At [[Cairo]] in the [[Fatimid Caliphate]], the Caliph [[al-Zahir li-I'zaz Din Allah]] attains full power upon the death of his aunt, [[Sitt al-Mulk]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Lev |first=Yaacov |date=1987 |title=THE FĀTIMID PRINCESS SITT AL-MULK |url=https://academic.oup.com/jss/article-lookup/doi/10.1093/jss/XXXII.2.319 |journal=Journal of Semitic Studies |language=en |volume=XXXII |issue=2 |pages=319–328 |doi=10.1093/jss/XXXII.2.319 |issn=0022-4480|url-access=subscription }}</ref>
* [[February 12]] &ndash; (18 Dhu-I-qa'da 413 AH) In Spain, Al-Ma'mun al-Qāsim ibn Ḥammud returns to [[Caliphate of Córdoba|Cordoba]] to become the new Emir, after the Emir Yaḥya ibn ʿAli ibn Ḥammud al-Muʿtali bi-llāh leaves the city and moves to [[Malaga]]. Al-Qasim reigns for 10 months before being forced out by [[Abd al-Rahman V]].<ref>Peter C. Scales, ''The Fall of the Caliphate of Córdoba: Berbers and Andalus is in Conflict'' (E. J. Brill, 1993) p.103</ref>
* [[February 23]] &ndash; The [[Chitragupta Temple, Khajuraho|Chitragupta Temple]] (now in India at [[Khajuraho]] at the [[Madhya Pradesh]] state) is consecrated to the [[Hinduism|Hindu]] god [[Shiva]], at the [[Maha Shivaratri]] celebration.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=Rana |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YQoaBwAAQBAJ |title=Cosmic Order and Cultural Astronomy: Sacred Cities of India |date=2009-10-02 |publisher=Cambridge Scholars Publishing |isbn=978-1-4438-1607-6 |pages=58 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[March 27]] &ndash; [[Gebhard II (bishop of Regensburg)|Gebhard von Hohenwart]] becomes the new [[List of bishops of Regensburg|Bishop of Regensburg]] in [[Bavaria]], upon the death of [[Gebhard I (bishop of Regensburg)|Gebhard of Swabia]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bernhardt |first=John W. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iIiloa3-AlIC |title=Itinerant Kingship and Royal Monasteries in Early Medieval Germany, C.936-1075 |date=2002-08-22 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-52183-3 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[March]] &ndash; [[Musharrif al-Dawla]], ruler of Iraq, comes to [[Baghdad]] to see the Abbasid Caliph [[al-Qadir]], and attempts to defy the caliphate.<ref>{{Cite book |title=The Encyclopedia of Islam |year=1978 |volume=4 |pages=378–379 |oclc=871362861}}</ref>

=== April&ndash;June ===
* [[April 10]] &ndash; Al-Hasan ibn Muhammad ibn Thu'ban becomes the new [[List of monarchs of Aleppo#Fatimid Dynasty|Emir of Halab]] (in what is now northern Syria) after Safiyy al-Dawla is dismissed by the Caliph [[al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah|al-Hakim]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Zakkār |first=Suhayl |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sbltAAAAMAAJ |title=The Emirate of Aleppo, 1004-1094 |date=1971 |publisher=Dar al-Amanah |pages=64–65 |language=en}}</ref> 
* [[May 11]] &ndash; In the [[List of Leonese monarchs|Kingdom of León]] in Spain, the [[Abbot Oliba]] declines to authorize the wedding of [[Alfonso V of León|King Alfonso V]] to Urraca Garcés, the sister of [[Sancho III of Pamplona|King Sancho of Pamplona]], describing it as ''incesti connubii''. The wedding takes place anyway.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Díez |first=Gonzalo Martínez |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=414ogOEsMSUC |title=Sancho III el Mayor: rey de Pamplona, Rex Ibericus |date=2007 |publisher=Marcial Pons Historia |isbn=978-84-96467-47-7 |language=es}}</ref>
* [[May 16]] &ndash; From his capital at [[Mainz]] in Germany, [[Henry II, Holy Roman Emperor]], issues a grant of lands in [[Tragöß|Tragoess]] (now in Austria) to the [[Göss Abbey]].
* [[June 15]] &ndash; (17th day before the kalends of July) The body of the late [[Ælfheah of Canterbury]], the former [[Archbishop of Canterbury]] who will later be canonized as a Roman Catholic saint and a martyr of the church, is reburied at Canterbury Cathedral on orders of England's [[Cnut|King Canute]], after being moved from St. Paul's Cathedral in London on June 12 (the 3rd day before the ides of June). King Canute, whose Danish troops had murdered Archbishop Ælfheah on April 19, 1012, during Canute's invasion of England, has ordered the reburial as an atonement for Ælfheah's death.<ref>[https://www.st-alfege.org.uk/Groups/299331/Who_was_St_Alfege.aspx "Who was St Alfege?"], St Alfege Church Greenwich</ref><ref>"Ælfheah (d. 1012)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (October 2006 ed.)(Oxford University Press, 2006)</ref>

=== July&ndash;September ===
* [[July 20]] &ndash; A partial [[solar eclipse]], part of the [[Solar Saros 120]] cycle, is visible to the natives of southern South America in what are now [[Brazil]], [[Uruguay]] and [[Chile]].<ref>[https://eclipsewise.com/solar/SEprime/1001-1100/SE1023Jul20Pprime.html "Partial Solar Eclipse of 1023 Jul 20"], by Fred Espenak, EclipseWise.com]</ref>
* [[August 11]] &ndash; King [[Robert II of France]] and [[Henry II, Holy Roman Emperor]] have a neutral site meeting at [[Carignan, Ardennes|Ivois]] (now Carignan in France's département  of [[Ardennes]]), and pledge to convene an assembly at Pavia to reform the clergy.
* [[September 14]] &ndash; [[Rudolph III of Burgundy|Rudolph III]], [[Kingdom of Burgundy|King of Burgundy]] and his wife, Queen Ermengard, grant the [[Count of Vienne|county of Viennois]] to the Archbishop of Vienne.

=== October&ndash;December ===
* [[October 18]] &ndash; [[Al-Mu'izz ibn Badis]] becomes the full ruler of [[Ifriqiya]] (modern day Tunisia) upon the death of his aunt, [[Umm Mallal]], who had served as regent since 1016. 
* [[November 13]] &ndash; The marriage of [[Alfonso V of León|King Alfonso V]] of [[Kingdom of León|León]] to Princess Urraca of Pamplona is confirmed by the Roman Catholic Church.
* [[December 2]] &ndash; [[Abd al-Rahman V]] becomes the Muslim [[Caliphate of Córdoba|Caliph of Córdoba]] in what is now most of the southern two-thirds of Spain and Portugal by overthrowing [[Al-Qasim al-Ma'mun]], but only serves for six weeks until his assassination by [[Muhammad III of Córdoba|Muhammad III]].
* [[December]] &ndash; Abbad I declares the [[Taifa of Seville]] independent from Córdoban rule. [[Abd ar-Rahman V]] is proclaimed Caliph at [[Córdoba, Spain|Córdoba]].

=== By place ===

==== Europe ====
* The Judge-Governor of [[Seville]] in [[Al-Andalus]] (modern [[Spain]]) takes advantage of the disintegration of the [[Caliphate of Córdoba]] and seizes power as [[Abu al-Qasim Muhammad ibn Abbad|Abbad I]], founding the [[Abbadid dynasty]].

==== Asia ====
* April/May (''[[Jian (era)|Jian]] 3'', ''4th month'') &ndash; An epidemic in [[Kyoto]] (Japan) is so severe that there are corpses in the streets;{{Citation needed|date=February 2022}} disease spreads throughout the country.
* 60th birthday and longevity ceremony of Japanese matriarch Minamoto no Rinshi, wife of [[Fujiwara no Michinaga]].
* The [[Ghaznavids|Ghaznavid Empire]] occupies [[Transoxiana]] (approximate date).

=== By topic ===

==== Religion ====
* The [[St. Martin's Cathedral, Utrecht|Dom Church]] at [[Archdiocese of Utrecht (695–1580)|Utrecht]] (modern [[Netherlands]]) is severely damaged by fire. Bishop [[Adalbold II of Utrecht|Adalbold II]] begins construction of a new [[Romanesque architecture|Romanesque]] style church.

== Births ==
* [[Lý Thánh Tông]], Vietnamese emperor (d. [[1072]])
* [[Otto I, Count of Savoy|Otto I]] (or Odon), count of [[County of Savoy|Savoy]] (approximate date)
* [[Ramon Berenguer I, Count of Barcelona|Ramon Berenguer I]], count of [[County of Barcelona|Barcelona]] (d. [[1076]])
* [[William VII, Duke of Aquitaine|William VII]] ("the Bold"), duke of [[Duchy of Aquitaine|Aquitaine]] (d. [[1058]])

== Deaths ==
* [[March 27]] &ndash; [[Gebhard I (bishop of Regensburg)|Gebhard I]], bishop of [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Regensburg|Regensburg]]
* [[May 28]] &ndash; [[Wulfstan (died 1023)|Wulfstan]] (or Lupus), archbishop of [[Diocese of York|York]]
*[[October 18]] &ndash; [[Zirid dynasty|Zirid]] princess and [[regent]]
* [[October 21]] &ndash; [[Gero (archbishop of Magdeburg)|Gero]], archbishop of [[Magdeburg]]
* [[October 24]] &ndash; [[Kou Zhun]], Chinese [[Grand chancellor (China)|grand chancellor]] 
* [[November 24]] &ndash; [[Eilward]], bishop of [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Dresden-Meissen|Dresden-Meissen]]
* [[December 5]] &ndash; [[Hartwig (archbishop of Salzburg)|Hartwig]], archbishop of [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Salzburg|Salzburg]]
* [[Abū Hayyān al-Tawhīdī]], Muslim [[intellectual]] (b. [[923]])
* [[Godfrey II, Duke of Lower Lorraine|Godfrey II]], count and duke of [[Lower Lorraine]] (b. [[965]])
* [[Llywelyn ap Seisyll]], king of [[Gwynedd]] and [[Powys]]
* [[Oda of Haldensleben]], duchess of the [[Polans (western)|Polans]]
* [[Sitt al-Mulk]], [[Fatimid Caliphate|Fatimid]] princess and [[regent]] (b. [[970]])

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

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