Editing 1030

{{Use mdy dates|date=December 2024}}
{{About year|1030}}
{{Year nav|1030}}
{{C11 year in topic}}
[[File:Arbo-Olav den helliges fall i slaget på Stiklestad.jpg|upright=1.35|thumb|King [[Olaf II of Norway|Olaf II]] (left) is killed at [[Stiklestad]].]]
Year '''1030''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MXXX]]''') was a [[common year starting on Thursday]] of the [[Julian calendar]].

== Events ==
<onlyinclude>

=== By place ===
==== Byzantine Empire ====
* Emperor [[Romanos III Argyros]] decides to retaliate upon the incursions of the Muslims on the eastern frontier. He leads a Byzantine expeditionary force (20,000 men) to secure [[Antioch]]. The [[Mirdasid]] emir [[Shibl al-Dawla Nasr]] of [[Aleppo]] sues for peace, but Romanos refuses to negotiate and leads his army against Aleppo, against the advice of his generals. The Byzantine army encamped near [[Azaz]], [[Battle of Azaz (1030)|where they were encircled]] by the Mirdasids' [[Bedouin]] troops, who cut off the Byzantines from food and water. 
* [[August 10]] &ndash; Romanos orders a retreat to Antioch. As the army is exhausted from the heat and the lack of supplies, the retreat soon turns into a flight in panic. Romanos returns to Constantinople in humiliation, but his generals on the eastern frontier manage to salvage the situation: a [[Fatimid]] attack on [[Maraclea]] is repulsed, and Azaz itself is captured in December after a brief siege. In April/May 1031, Emir Nasr of Aleppo agreed to vassal and tributary status with Byzantium.<ref>{{cite book | last=Halm | first=Heinz | authorlink = Heinz Halm | title = Die Kalifen von Kairo: Die Fatimiden in Ägypten, 973–1074 | language = German | trans-title = The Caliphs of Cairo: The Fatimids in Egypt, 973–1074 | publisher = C. H. Beck | location = Munich | year = 2003 | isbn = 3-406-48654-1 | pages=341–343}}</ref>

==== Europe ====
* [[June]] &ndash; Emperor [[Conrad II, Holy Roman Emperor|Conrad II]] ('''the Elder''') leads an invasion into [[Kingdom of Hungary (1000–1301)|Hungary]]. He plunders the lands west of the River [[Rába]] but suffers from the consequences of the [[scorched earth]] tactics used by the Hungarians. Conrad, threatened by starvation, is forced to retreat to [[Germany]]. King [[Stephen I of Hungary|Stephen I]] pursued his forces, which were defeated and captured by the Hungarians at [[Vienna]].
* [[July 29]] – [[Battle of Stiklestad]]: King [[Olaf II of Norway|Olaf II Haraldsson]] ('''St. Olaf''') attempts to reconquer [[Norway]] with help from King [[Anund Jakob]] of [[Sweden]]. He is defeated by a superior Norwegian peasant and Danish army (14,000 men). Olaf is killed in the battle. He is later canonized and becomes the [[patron saint]] of Norway and ''Rex perpetuum Norvegiae'' ('the eternal king of Norway').
* The first mention is made of [[Tartu]], [[Estonia]], as Grand Prince [[Yaroslav the Wise|Yaroslav I]] ('''the Wise''') of [[Veliky Novgorod|Novgorod]] and [[Kiev]]<!--See WP:KIEV--> defeats the [[Estonians]] and finds a fort named Yuryev (modern-day Tartu).<ref>{{cite book|last1=Tvauri|first1=Andres|title=The Migration Period, Pre-Viking Age, and Viking Age in Estonia|date=2012|pages=33, 59, 60|url=https://www.etis.ee/Portal/Publications/Display/b80b6f11-43ed-4b8c-b616-48ac53b70ec5?language=ENG|accessdate=December 27, 2016}}</ref> The Rus' will hold the fortress for 30 or 31 years.
* The first mention is made of [[Thalwil]], [[Switzerland]], derived from ''Tellewilare'' and indicates the early medieval origins of Thalwil as an [[Alemanni]]c farmstead.
* [[Henry I of France|Henry I]] revolts against his father, King [[Robert II of France|Robert II]] ('''the Pious'''), in a civil war over power and property. Robert's army is defeated, and he retreats to [[Beaugency]].

==== Asia ====
* [[April 30]] &ndash; Sultan [[Mahmud of Ghazni]] dies after a 28-year reign. He is succeeded by his son [[Mas'ud I of Ghazni|Mas'ud I]], who seizes the throne of the [[Ghaznavids|Ghaznavid Empire]], which includes much of [[Afghanistan]], [[Iran]], and India.
* [[Ouyang Xiu]], a Chinese historian and scholar, obtained his ''[[Jinshi (imperial examination)|jinshi]]'' degree at the age of 23, by passing the [[imperial examinations]] in the country, leading him to a distinguished path as a [[scholar-official]].
</onlyinclude>
* [[Chola Dynasty|The Chola Empire]] reaches its greatest extent.

== Births ==
* [[July 21]] &ndash; [[Kyansittha]], king of the [[Pagan dynasty|Pagan Empire]] ([[Myanmar|Burma]])
* [[July 26]] &ndash; [[Stanislaus of Szczepanów]], bishop of [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Kraków|Kraków]] (d. [[1079]])
* [[Adelaide of Eilenburg]], German [[Nobility|noblewoman]] (approximate date)
* [[Anne of Kiev]], French queen and [[regent]] (approximate date)
* [[Baldwin VI, Count of Flanders|Baldwin VI]] ('''the Good'''), count of [[County of Flanders|Flanders]] (approximate date)
* [[Bruno of Cologne]], founder of the [[Carthusians|Carthusian Order]] (d. [[1101]])
* [[Gerard, Duke of Lorraine|Gerard]] ('''the Great'''), duke of [[Lower Lorraine|Lorraine]] (approximate date)
* [[Gertrude of Saxony]], countess of [[County of Holland|Holland]] (approximate date)
* [[Manegold of Lautenbach]], German priest (approximate date)
* [[Romanos IV Diogenes|Romanos IV]], emperor of the [[Byzantine Empire]] (d. [[1072]])
* [[Vsevolod I of Kiev|Vsevolod I Yaroslavich]], Grand Prince of [[Kiev]]<!--See WP:KIEV--> (d. [[1093]])
* [[Walter of Pontoise]], French [[abbot]] (approximate date)
* [[William of Hirsau]], German abbot (approximate date)

== Deaths ==
* [[January 10]] &ndash; [[Thietmar, Margrave of the Saxon Ostmark|Thietmar]], margrave of the [[Saxon Eastern March|Saxon Ostmark]]
* [[January 31]] &ndash; [[William V, Duke of Aquitaine|William V]] ('''the Great'''), duke of [[Duchy of Aquitaine|Aquitaine]] (b. [[969]])
* [[March 10]] &ndash; [[Welf II, Count of Swabia|Welf II]], German nobleman ([[Elder House of Welf]])
* [[April 30]] &ndash; [[Mahmud of Ghazni]], Ghaznavid emir (b. [[971]])
* [[July 19]] &ndash; [[Adalberon (bishop of Laon)|Adalberon]], French bishop and poet (or [[1031]])
* [[July 29]] 
** [[Bjørn Stallare]], Norwegian servant and diplomat
** [[Olaf II of Norway|Olaf II Haraldsson]] ('''St. Olaf'''), king of [[Norway]]
** [[Torstein Knarresmed]], Norwegian [[Vikings|Viking]] warrior
* [[Al-Musabbihi]], Fatimid historian and official (b. [[977]])
* [[Cú Mara mac Maic Liac]], Irish poet and [[Ollamh Érenn|Chief Ollam]]
* [[Fan Kuan]], Chinese [[Landscape painting|landscape painter]] (approximate date)
* [[Gormflaith ingen Murchada]], Irish queen (b. [[960]])
* [[Krešimir III of Croatia|Krešimir III]], king of [[Kingdom of Croatia (925–1102)|Croatia]] ([[Trpimirović dynasty|Trpimirović Dynasty]])
* [[Miskawayh]], Persian official and [[Islamic philosophy|philosopher]] (b. [[932]])
* [[Skapti Þóroddsson]], Icelandic [[lawspeaker]] and [[skald]]
* [[Tadg in Eich Gil]], king of [[Connacht]] (approximate date)
* [[William IV of Provence|William IV]], count of [[Provence]] (approximate date)

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:1030}}
[[Category:1030| ]]