Editing 1035

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{{About year|1035}}
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[[File:Harold Harefoot - MS Royal 14 B VI.jpg|upright=1.35|thumb|King [[Harold Harefoot|Harold I]] of [[Kingdom of England|England]] (r. 1035–1040)]]
Year '''1035''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MXXXV]]''') was a [[common year starting on Wednesday]] of the [[Julian calendar]].

== Events ==
<onlyinclude>

=== By place ===

==== Europe ====

* [[March 23]] &ndash; [[Battle of Cesar]] (near the village of [[Cesar, Portugal]]): The armies of [[Bermudo III]], King of [[Kingdom of León|León]], defeat the Moorish armies of Abu'l-Qasim, the emir of the [[Taifa of Seville]].
* c. [[July 3]] &ndash; 8-year-old [[William the Conqueror|William I]] becomes duke of [[Duchy of Normandy|Normandy]] after his father [[Robert I, Duke of Normandy|Robert I]] ("the Magnificent") dies on a [[pilgrimage]] at [[Nicaea]] (modern [[Turkey]]). Robert's death leads to a period of instability in Normandy, as William is too young to take his father's place. The Norman [[Nobility|nobles]] in the region take the opportunity to settle old [[feud]]s and to increase their private wealth.<ref>''The Gesta Normannorum Ducum of William of Jumièges, Orderic Vitalis, and Robert of Torigni'', Ed. & Trans. Elizabeth M.C. van Houts, Vol. I (Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1992), pp. 80-85.</ref>
* [[October 16]] &ndash; Conrad II grants the right to hold the first [[Freimarkt]] festival in [[Bremen]]. The city increases her [[trade]] with [[Norway]], and the northern [[Netherlands]]. 
* [[October 18]] &ndash; King [[Sancho III of Pamplona]] dies and divides his dominions among his four sons, [[García Sánchez III of Pamplona|García Sánchez III]], [[Gonzalo of Sobrarbe and Ribagorza|Gonzalo I]], [[Ferdinand I of León|Ferdinand I]] and [[Ramiro I of Aragon|Ramiro I]].
* [[Republic of Pisa|Pisa]] launches a naval assault against [[Saracen]] pirate strongholds in the [[Lipari Islands]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Benvenuti|first=Gino|title=Le Repubbliche Marinare. Amalfi, Pisa, Genova e Venezia|year=1985|publisher=Newton & Compton Editori|location=Rome|isbn=88-8289-529-7|page=42}}</ref>
* Emperor [[Conrad II, Holy Roman Emperor|Conrad II]] ("the Elder") grants the city of [[Koper]] (modern [[Slovenia]]) [[Town privileges|town rights]], and some degree of [[Self-governance|self-government]], within the [[Holy Roman Empire]].

==== England ====
* [[November 12]] &ndash; King [[Cnut the Great]] dies at [[Shaftesbury]], leaving the rule of [[Kingdom of England|England]] in dispute between his sons [[Harthacnut]] and [[Harold Harefoot]]. The earls of [[Kingdom of Northumbria|Northumbria]] and [[Mercia]] support Harold's claim, while [[Godwin, Earl of Wessex|Godwin]] (Earl of [[Wessex]]) supports Harthacnut. Harold is elected as [[regent]] (or joint ruler) of England. Cnut is buried in the [[old Minster, Winchester|Old Minster]], in [[Diocese of Winchester|Winchester]].
* Winter &ndash; Harthacnut is unable to travel to his [[coronation]] in England because his Danish kingdom is under threat of an invasion by King [[Magnus the Good|Magnus I]] of Norway and King [[Anund Jacob]] of [[Sweden]].</onlyinclude>

== Births ==
* [[Dharma Pala]], Indian ruler of the [[Pala dynasty (Kamarupa)|Pala dynasty]] (d. [[1060]])
* [[Richard fitz Gilbert]], Norman nobleman (d. c.1090) (approximate date)
* [[Henry, son of Robert I of Burgundy|Henry of Burgundy]], French [[Nobility|nobleman]] (approximate date)
* [[Hereward the Wake]], English nobleman (approximate date)
* [[Hermann of Salm]], German nobleman (approximate date)
* [[Isaac Albalia]], Andalusian Jewish [[astronomer]] (d. [[1094]])
* [[Leofwine Godwinson]], English nobleman (approximate date)
* [[Marbodius of Rennes]], French [[archdeacon]] (approximate date)
* [[Nathan ben Jehiel]], Italian Jewish [[Lexicography|lexicographer]] (d. [[1106]])
* [[Robert I, Count of Flanders|Robert I]], the Frisian, count of [[County of Flanders|Flanders]] (approximate date)
* [[Pope Urban II|Urban II]], pope of the [[Catholic Church]] (approximate date)

== Deaths ==
* [[April 13]] &ndash; [[Herbert I, Count of Maine|Herbert I]], French nobleman (approximate date)
* [[May 26]] &ndash; [[Berenguer Ramon I, Count of Barcelona|Berenguer Ramon I]], Spanish nobleman (b. [[1005]])
* [[May 30]] &ndash; [[Baldwin IV, Count of Flanders|Baldwin IV]] ("the Bearded"), French nobleman (b. [[980]])
* [[July 3]] &ndash; [[Robert the Magnificent|Robert I]] ("the Magnificent"), duke of [[Duchy of Normandy|Normandy]] (b. [[AD 1000|1000]]) (approximate date)
* [[October 18]] &ndash; [[Sancho III of Pamplona|Sancho III]] ("the Great"), king of [[Kingdom of Navarre|Pamplona]]
* [[November 4]] &ndash; [[Jaromír, Duke of Bohemia|Jaromír]], duke of [[Duchy of Bohemia|Bohemia]] ([[Přemyslid dynasty]])
* [[November 12]] &ndash; [[Cnut the Great|Cnut]], king of [[Denmark]], Norway and [[Kingdom of England|England]]
* [[Abu Ali ibn Muhammad]], ruler (''[[malik]]'') of the [[Ghurid dynasty]]
* [[Astrid Olofsdotter of Sweden|Astrid Olofsdotter]], queen consort of Norway ([[House of Munsö]])
* [[Drogo of Mantes]], count of [[House of Valois|Valois]] and the [[Vexin]] (b. [[996]])
* [[Estrid of the Obotrites]] (or Astrid), queen consort of [[Sweden]]
* [[Empress Guo (Renzong)|Guo]], Chinese empress consort of [[Emperor Renzong of Song|Renzong]] (b. [[1012]])
* [[Harun, Ghaznavid Governor of Khwarezm|Harun]], Ghaznavid governor and ruler (''[[shah]]'') of [[Khwarazm]], assassinated
* [[Ibn al-Samh]], Moorish astronomer and mathematician (b. [[979]])
* [[Svein Knutsson]], king of [[Norway]] and son of Cnut the Great
* [[Yahya ibn Ali ibn Hammud al-Mu'tali]], Hammudid caliph

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

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