Editing 1044

{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2011}}
{{One source|date=June 2024}}

{{Year dab|1044}}
{{Year nav|1044}}
{{C11 year in topic}}

[[File:Battle of Ménfő and the murder of Samuel (Chronicon Pictum 050).jpg|upright=1.35|thumb|[[Battle of Ménfő]], in the corner (left) the depiction of the killing of  [[Samuel Aba]].]]

Year '''1044''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MXLIV]]''') was a [[leap year starting on Sunday]] of the [[Julian calendar]].

== Events ==
<onlyinclude>

=== By place ===

==== Europe ====
* [[July 6]] &ndash; [[Battle of Ménfő]]: German troops under [[Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor|King Henry III]] ("the Black") defeat the Hungarian army, led by King [[Samuel Aba]], who flees the field but is captured and killed. [[Peter, King of Hungary|Peter Orseolo]] ("the Venetian") becomes (for the second time) king of [[Kingdom of Hungary|Hungary]], and a [[vassal]] of the [[Holy Roman Empire]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Engel |first=Pál |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fBG9BAAAQBAJ&pg=PT47 |title=Realm of St Stephen, The: A History of Medieval Hungary, 895-1526 |date=2001-02-23 |publisher=I.B.Tauris |isbn=978-0-85773-173-9 |language=en}}</ref>
* Summer &ndash; [[Geoffrey II, Count of Anjou|Geoffrey II]] ("the Hammer"), count of [[County of Anjou|Anjou]], captures the city of [[Tours]], and takes control of the county of [[Touraine]].

==== Asia ====
* The Chinese military treatise of the ''[[Wujing Zongyao]]'' is written and compiled by scholars [[Zeng Gongliang]] (曾公亮), Ding Du (丁度), and Yang Weide (楊惟德), during the [[Song dynasty]]. It is the first book in history to include formulas for [[gunpowder]], and its use for various bombs (thrown by sling or [[trebuchet]] catapult). It also describes the double-[[piston]] pump [[flamethrower]] and a [[Thermoremanent magnetization|thermoremanence]] compass, a few decades before [[Shen Kuo]] wrote of the first known [[magnetic]] [[sailor|mariner]]'s [[compass]]. Although emphasizing the importance of many weapons, it reserves high respect for the [[crossbow]], and the ability of crossbowmen to fell charging units of [[nomad]]ic [[cavalry]]men.
* [[August 11]] &ndash; King [[Anawrahta]] seizes the throne of the [[Pagan Kingdom|Pagan Empire]] at [[Bagan]] in [[Myanmar|Burma]] (modern [[Myanmar]]).

=== By topic ===

==== Religion ====
* September &ndash; A second Roman uprising forces Pope [[Pope Benedict IX|Benedict IX]] out of [[Rome]]. He is succeeded by the new elected (anti)-Pope [[Pope Sylvester III|Sylvester III]] (until [[1045]]).</onlyinclude>

== Births ==
* [[Trahaearn ap Caradog]], Welsh king of [[Kingdom of Gwynedd|Gwynedd]] (d. 1081)
* Approximate date
** [[Abelard of Hauteville]], Italo-Norman [[Nobility|nobleman]] (d. [[1081]])
** [[Władysław I Herman]], duke of [[Greater Poland|Poland]] (d. [[1102]])

== Deaths ==
* [[January 14]] &ndash; [[Adelaide I, Abbess of Quedlinburg|Adelaide I]], abbess of [[Quedlinburg Abbey|Quedlinburg]]
* [[February 13]] &ndash; [[Zhao Yuanyan]], Chinese prince of the [[Song dynasty]] (b. [[985]])
* [[April 19]] &ndash; [[Gothelo I, Duke of Lorraine|Gothelo I]] (or Gozelo), duke of [[Lower Lorraine|Lorraine]] 
* [[July 6]] &ndash; [[Samuel Aba]], palatine and king of [[Kingdom of Hungary|Hungary]]
* [[August 11]] &ndash; [[Sokkate]], last king of the [[Pagan Kingdom]], killed in combat (b. [[1001]])
* [[November 14]] &ndash; [[Thietmar of Hildesheim]], German bishop
* [[Abu'l-Husayn al-Basri]], Mu'tazilite [[Faqeeh|faqih]] and theologian
* [[Rajendra Chola I]], emperor of the [[Chola dynasty]]
* [[Sharif al-Murtaza]], Buyid [[Shia Islam|Shia]] scholar (b. [[965]])

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

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[[Category:1044| ]]