Editing 1085

{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2011}}
{{About year|1085}}
{{More citations needed|date=August 2017}}
{{Year nav|1085}}
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[[File:AlfonsoVI of Castile.jpg|upright=1.35|thumb| KIng [[Alfonso VI of León and Castile]] ("the Brave") (r. 1077–1109)]]
Year '''1085''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MLXXXV]]''') was a [[common year starting on Wednesday]] of the [[Julian calendar]].

== Events ==
<onlyinclude>

=== By place ===

==== Europe ====
* [[May 25]] &ndash; King [[Alfonso VI of León and Castile]] ("the Brave") recaptures [[Toledo, Spain|Toledo]] from the [[Moors]], and occupies other cities such as [[Madrid]] and [[Talavera de la Reina|Talavera]] (including the castle of [[Aledo, Spain|Aledo]]). Alfonso moves his capital to Toledo, and consolidates his power between [[Sistema Central]] and the [[Tagus|Tagus River]], from where he launches more attacks against the [[taifa]]s of [[Taifa of Córdoba|Córdoba]], [[Taifa of Seville|Seville]], [[Taifa of Badajoz|Badajoz]] and [[Taifa of Granada|Granada]] (modern [[Spain]]).
* Summer &ndash; [[Robert Guiscard]] heads for the [[Ionian Islands]] despite an [[epidemic]] among troops on [[Corfu]]. His son, [[Roger Borsa]], lands on [[Cephalonia]] but Guiscard falls sick as his ship approaches the northernmost headland and is carried ashore, where he dies of fever (on [[July 17]]).
* Emperor [[Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor|Henry IV]] declares the [[Peace and Truce of God|Peace of God]] in all the imperial territories of the [[Holy Roman Empire]] to quell any sedition.
* [[June 15]] &ndash; [[Vratislaus II of Bohemia|Vratislaus II]], a son of Duke [[Bretislav I]], becomes the first king of [[List of Bohemian monarchs|Bohemia]] and is elevated 'for life' by Henry IV.
* [[Katedralskolan, Lund|Katedralskolan]] in [[Lund]] (modern [[Sweden]]), the oldest school in [[Scandinavia]], is founded by King [[Canute IV of Denmark]].

==== England ====
* The [[Domesday Book|Domesday Survey]] is commissioned by King [[William the Conqueror]],<ref>{{cite web|title=Domesday Book|url=http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/domesday/|website=www.nationalarchives.gov.uk|access-date=25 April 2018|language=en}}</ref> apparently prompted by the abortive invasion of Canute IV, to ensure proper taxation and levies.<ref>{{cite web|title=British History in depth: The Domesday Book|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/normans/doomsday_01.shtml|website=BBC - History|access-date=25 April 2018}}</ref>

==== China ====
* [[April 1]] &ndash; [[Emperor Zhezong]] ascends the throne at the age of 8 under the supervision of his grandmother, Grand Empress Dowager [[Empress Gao (Song dynasty)|Gao]]. She cancels the reform policy of Chancellor [[Wang Anshi]].
* The output of [[copper]] currency for the Chinese [[Song dynasty]] reaches 6 billion coins a year, prompting the Chinese government to adopt the world's first [[Banknote|paper-printed money]] later in the [[1120]]s.</onlyinclude>

== Births ==
* [[September 19]] &ndash; [[Maria Komnene (daughter of Alexios I)|Maria Komnene]], Byzantine princess
* [[Ahmad Sanjar]], Seljuk ruler of [[Greater Khorasan|Khorasan]] (approximate date)
* [[Alberich of Reims]], archbishop of [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Bourges|Bourges]] (approximate date)<ref>{{cite book|last1=Connell|first1=Charles W.|title=Popular Opinion in the Middle Ages: Channeling Public Ideas and Attitudes|date=2016|publisher=Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG|isbn=9783110432176|page=105|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TW6tDgAAQBAJ&pg=PA105|language=en}}</ref>
* [[Avempace]], Andalusian [[polymath]] and philosopher (d. [[1138]])
* [[Constantine Komnenos]], Byzantine aristocrat (approximate date)
* [[Elizabeth of Vermandois, Countess of Leicester|Elizabeth of Vermandois]], English countess (approximate date)
* [[Floris II, Count of Holland|Floris II]] ("the Fat"), count of [[County of Holland|Holland]] (approximate date)
* [[Gilbert of Sempringham]], English priest (approximate date)
* [[Imad ad-Din Zengi]], Seljuk ruler of [[Mosul]] (approximate date)
* [[Meginhard I, Count of Sponheim|Meginhard I]], count of [[County of Sponheim|Sponheim]] (approximate date)
* [[Otomae]], Japanese female singer and musician (d. [[1169]])
* [[Otto II the Black]], Moravian prince (approximate date)
* [[Ralph I, Count of Vermandois|Ralph I]] (or Raoul), count of [[Vermandois]] (approximate date)
* [[Robert fitz Martin]], Norman knight and [[Nobility|nobleman]] (d. [[1159]])
* [[Stephen of Obazine]], French priest and [[hermit]] (d. [[1154]])
* [[Waleran, Duke of Lower Lorraine|Waleran II]], duke of [[Lower Lorraine]] (approximate date)
* [[William of Montevergine]], Italian monk and [[abbot]] (d. [[1142]])
* [[William, Count of Sully]] ("the Simple"), French nobleman (approximate date)
* [[Zhang Zeduan]], Chinese [[Landscape painting|landscape painter]] (d. [[1145]])
* [[Zhu Bian]], Chinese diplomat, [[Chinese poetry|poet]] and writer (d. [[1144]])

== Deaths ==
* [[January 3]] &ndash; [[Williram of Ebersberg]], German abbot
* [[April 1]] &ndash; [[Emperor Shenzong of Song|Shenzong]], emperor of [[Song dynasty]] China (b. [[1048]])
* [[May 25]] &ndash; [[Pope Gregory VII|Gregory VII]], pope of the [[Catholic Church]]
* [[May 27]] &ndash; [[Gundred, Countess of Surrey]] (or Gundreda), English noblewoman
* [[June 19]] &ndash; [[Vitalis of Bernay]], Norman monk and abbot
* [[July 17]] &ndash; [[Robert Guiscard]], Norman warrior and nobleman
* [[August 19]] &ndash; [[Al-Juwayni]], Persian scholar and [[imam]] (b. [[1028]])
* [[September 20]] &ndash; [[Hermann II, Count Palatine of Lotharingia|Hermann II]], German nobleman (b. [[1049]])
* [[Alfanus I]] (or Alfano), Italian physician and archbishop
* [[Abu al-Hassan al-Lakhmi|Al-Lakhmi]], Fatimid scholar, [[jurist]] and writer (b. [[1006]])
* [[Cheng Hao]], Chinese [[Neo-Confucianism|neo-Confucian]] philosopher (b. [[1032]])
* [[Maitripada]], Indian [[Buddhism|Buddhist]] philosopher (b. [[1007]])
* [[Osbern Giffard]], Norman nobleman (approximate date)
* [[Wang Gui (Song dynasty)|Wang Gui]], Chinese official and [[Grand chancellor (China)|chancellor]] (b. [[1019]])
* [[Yūsuf Balasaguni]], Karakhanid statesman (b. 1019)

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

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