Editing 1123

{{About year|1123}}
{{Year nav|1123}}
[[File:Baldwin II of Jerusalem pris.jpg|upright=1.35|thumb|[[April 18]]: [[Baldwin II of Jerusalem]] is taken prisoner]]
{{C12 year in topic}}
Year '''1123''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MCXXIII]]''') was a [[common year starting on Monday]] of the [[Julian calendar]].

== Events ==

=== By date ===

==== January–March ====
* [[January 29]] – [[List of prince-archbishops, archbishops, bishops and administrators of Bremen|Frederick I, Archbishop of Bremen]] since 1104, dies after a reign of more than 18 years, and is succeeded by Adalbert II.
* [[February 25]] – [[Japan]]'s [[Emperor Toba]] abdicates in favor of his 3-year-old son [[Emperor Sutoku|Sutoku]] after a 16-year reign. The retired [[Emperor Shirakawa]] rules as [[regent]] during Toba's minority.
* [[March 18]] –
**The [[First Council of the Lateran]] convenes in [[Rome]]; it confirms the 1122 [[Concordat of Worms]] and demands [[Clerical celibacy (Catholic Church)|clerical celibacy]] in the [[Catholic Church]].
**The coronation of Japan's Emperor Sutoku takes place.
* [[March 25]] – [[St Bartholomew's Hospital|St Bartholomew’s Hospital]] in London, commonly known as Barts, is founded by [[Rahere]], a favourite courtier of [[Henry I of England|King Henry I]]; it is now the oldest hospital in the United Kingdom operating on its original site.<ref>{{Cite web |title=St Bartholomew's Hospital: Our history |url=https://www.bartshealth.nhs.uk/st-bartholomews-our-history |access-date=2023-03-17 |website=www.bartshealth.nhs.uk}}</ref>

==== April–June ====
* [[April 18]] – King [[Baldwin II of Jerusalem]] is captured by Turkish forces under [[Belek Ghazi]] – while preparing to practice [[falconry]] near Gargar on the [[Euphrates]]. Most of the Crusader army is massacred, and Baldwin is taken to the castle at [[Harpoot|Kharput]]. To save the situation the [[Republic of Venice|Venetians]] are asked to help. Doge [[Domenico Michiel]] lifts the siege of [[Corfu]] (see [[1122]]) and takes his fleet to [[Acre, Israel|Acre]], arriving at the port in the end of May.<ref>[[Steven Runciman]] (1952). ''A History of The Crusades. Vol II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem'', p. 131. {{ISBN|978-0-241-29876-3}}.</ref>
* [[May 9]] – A fire in the city of [[Lincoln, England]], nearly destroys the Lincolnshire town; it is memorialized 600 years later by historian [[Paul de Rapin]].<ref name="Fires">"Fires, Great", in ''The Insurance Cyclopeadia: Being an Historical Treasury of Events and Circumstances Connected with the Origin and Progress of Insurance'', Cornelius Walford, ed. (C. and E. Layton, 1876) p.72.</ref>
* [[May 29]] – [[Battle of Yibneh]]: A Crusader army led by [[Eustace Grenier]] defeats the [[Fatimid Caliphate|Fatimid]] forces (16,000 men) near [[Yibna|Ibelin]]. Despite the numerical superiority, Vizier [[Al-Ma'mun al-Bata'ihi]] is forced to withdraw to [[Egypt in the Middle Ages|Egypt]] while his camp is plundered by the Crusaders. Eustace returns to Jerusalem in triumph, but later dies on [[June 15]].<ref>Steven Runciman (1952). ''A History of The Crusades. Vol II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem'', pp. 133–134. {{ISBN|978-0-241-29876-3}}.</ref>
* [[May 30]] – The Venetian fleet arrives at [[Ascalon]] and instantly sets about attacking the Fatimid fleet. The Egyptians fall into a trap, caught between two Venetian squadrons, and are destroyed or captured. While sailing back to Acre, the Venetians capture a merchant-fleet of ten richly laden vessels.<ref>Steven Runciman (1952). ''A History of The Crusades. Vol II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem'', p. 134. {{ISBN|978-0-241-29876-3}}.</ref>
* [[May]] – Baldwin II and [[Joscelin I, Count of Edessa|Joscelin I]] are rescued by 50 [[Kingdom of Armenia (antiquity)|Armenian]] soldiers (disguised as monks and merchants) at Kharput. They kill the guards, and infiltrate the castle where the prisoners are kept. Joscelin escapes to seek help. However, the castle is soon besieged by Turkish forces under Belek Ghazi – and is after some time recaptured. Baldwin and [[Waleran of Le Puiset]] are moved for greater safety to the castle of [[Harran]].<ref>Steven Runciman (1952). ''A History of The Crusades. Vol II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem'', pp. 132–133. {{ISBN|978-0-241-29876-3}}.</ref>
* [[June]] – King [[David IV of Georgia]], nicknamed "Davit IV Aghmashenebeli" ("David the Builder") by his subjects, defeats [[Mahmud II (Seljuk sultan)|Sultan Mahmud II]] of the [[Seljuk Empire]] (encompassing much of what is now Iraq and Iran).<ref>Lorenzo Pubblici, ''Mongol Caucasia: Invasions, Conquest, and Government of a Frontier Region in Thirteenth-Century Eurasia (1204–1295)'' (Brill, 2022) p.20</ref>

==== July–September ====
* [[July 22]] – [[William de Corbeil]] is installed as the new [[Archbishop of Canterbury]], the highest-ranking cleric in England, after his February 4 election is approved by [[Pope Callixtus II]].<ref>"Corbeil, William de (d. 1136), by Frank Barlow, in ''Oxford Dictionary of National Biography'' (Oxford University Press, 2004)</ref>
* [[August 9]] – Battle of Al-Dimas: An [[Italo-Norman]] campaign in [[North Africa]] ends with their troops being massacred by [[Zirid dynasty|Zirid]] forces near [[Mahdia]] (modern [[Tunisia]]).<ref>{{cite book|first=Gilbert|last=Meynier|year=2010|title=L'Algérie cœur du Maghreb classique: De l'ouverture islamo-arabe au repli (658-1518)|location=Paris|publisher=La Découverte|page=56}}</ref><ref name="admin of sicily">{{cite book|last=Johns|first=Jeremy|title=Arabic administration in Norman Sicily: the royal dīwān|year=2002|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=0-521-81692-0|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pXXYfJ9woRwC&q=%22ali+ibn+yahya%22+zirid|page=85}}</ref>
* [[August 29]] – King [[Eystein I of Norway|Eystein I]] (Magnusson) dies during a feast at [[Hustad]] after a 20-year reign, leaving his brother [[Sigurd the Crusader]] to rule over [[Kingdom of Norway (872–1397)|Norway]].
* [[September 27]] – Prince Wuqimai of the House of [[Wanyan]] becomes the new [[Jin dynasty (1115–1234)|Emperor of China]] after the death, on September 19, of his elder brother, the [[Emperor Taizu of Jin|Emperor Taizu]], founder of the Jin dynasty. Wuqimai is proclaimed the [[Emperor Taizong of Jin]].

==== October–December ====
* [[October 7]] – [[Pope Calixtus II]] issues the papal bull ''Aequitatis et justitiae'', placing the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Tricarico]] in Italy under the protection of the papacy.<ref>Paul Fridolin Kehr, ''Italia pontificia'', Vol. IX (Weidmann 1962) p.474</ref>
* [[November 12]] – In Spain, [[Urraca of León and Castile|Queen Urraca]] of León and Castile, the self-proclaimed ''[[Imperator totius Hispaniae]]'' ("Empress of All Spain"), formally acknowledges 8-year-old [[Fernando Pérez de Lara]] as her son and an heir, after he was born out of wedlock from her relationship with Count [[Pedro González de Lara]].<ref>Bernard F. Reilly, ''The Kingdom of León-Castilla under Queen Urraca, 1109–1126'' (Princeton University Press, 1982) p.176</ref>
* [[December 12]] – At [[Sankt Veit an der Glan]], [[Engelbert, Duke of Carinthia|Engelbert II]] of the [[House of Sponheim]] becomes the new [[Duchy of Carinthia|Duke of Carinthia]] and the [[March of Verona|Margrave of Verona]] (an area encompassing parts of Austria, Slovenia and Italy) upon the death of his older brother [[Henry IV, Duke of Carinthia|Henry IV]].<ref>Jonathan Lyon, (2007). "The Withdrawal of Aged Noblemen into Monastic Communities: Interpreting the Sources from Twelfth-Century Germany", in ''Old Age in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance'' (De Gruyter, 2007) p.147</ref>

=== By place ===
==== Middle East ====
* The [[Pactum Warmundi]]: A treaty of alliance, is established between the [[Kingdom of Jerusalem]] and the [[Republic of Venice]] at Acre. The Venetians receive a street, with a church, baths and a bakery, free of all obligations, in every town of the kingdom. They are also excused of all tolls and taxes.<ref>Steven Runciman (1952). ''A History of The Crusades. Vol II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem'', p. 135. {{ISBN|978-0-241-29876-3}}.</ref>

==== Europe ====
* Sigurd I performs a Crusade, the ''[[Kalmare ledung]]'', to Christianize the [[Sweden|Swedish]] province of [[Småland]]. He makes a pact with King [[Niels, King of Denmark|Niels of Denmark]].

=== By topic ===

==== Religion ====
* [[Diego Gelmírez]], archbishop of [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Santiago de Compostela|Santiago de Compostela]], declares a Crusade in [[Al-Andalus]] (modern [[Spain]]) against the [[Almoravid dynasty|Almoravids]].<ref>{{cite journal|last=Fletcher|first=R. A.|title=Reconquest and Crusade in Spain c. 1050–1150|journal=Transactions of the Royal Historical Society|year=1987|volume=37|series=5|pages=31–47 [43]|doi=10.2307/3679149|jstor=3679149}}</ref>
* [[Furness Abbey]] (or St Mary of Furness) is founded in [[Kingdom of England|England]] by [[Stephen, King of England|Stephen]], count of [[County of Boulogne|Boulogne]], for the [[Order of Savigny]].</onlyinclude>

== Births ==
* [[March 29]] – [[Emperor Shizong of Jin|Shi Zong]] (or Wulu), Chinese emperor (d. [[1189]])
* [[Minamoto no Yoshitomo]], Japanese general (d. [[1160]])
* [[Osbern of Gloucester]], English lexicographer (d. [[1200]])
* [[Parakramabahu I]], Sri Lankan king of [[Kingdom of Polonnaruwa|Polonnaruwa]] (d. [[1186]])
* [[Robert I, Count of Dreux|Robert I]] (the Great), count of [[Dreux]] (approximate date)

== Deaths ==
* [[February 9]] – [[Otto, Count of Ballenstedt|Otto]] (the Rich), count of [[Ballenstedt]] (b. [[1070]])
* [[March 4]] – [[Peter of Pappacarbone]], Italian [[abbot]] and bishop
* [[May 3]] – [[Felicia of Roucy]], queen of [[Kingdom of Aragon|Aragon]] and [[Kingdom of Navarre|Navarre]]
* [[June 15]] – [[Eustace Grenier]], French [[Officers of the Kingdom of Jerusalem|constable]] and [[regent]]
* [[July 18]] – [[Bruno (bishop of Segni)|Bruno di Segni]], Italian [[prelate]] and bishop
* [[August 29]] – [[Eystein I of Norway|Eystein I]] (Magnusson), king of [[Kingdom of Norway (872–1397)|Norway]]
* [[September 11]] – [[Marbodius of Rennes]], French [[archdeacon]]
* [[September 19]] – [[Emperor Taizu of Jin|Taizu]], emperor of the [[Jin dynasty (1115–1234)|Jin Dynasty]] (b. [[1068]])
* [[September 27]] – [[Fujiwara no Akisue]], Japanese [[Nobility|nobleman]] (b. [[1055]])
* [[December 14]] – [[Henry IV, Duke of Carinthia|Henry IV]], duke of [[Duchy of Carinthia|Carinthia]] ([[Sponheim family|House of Sponheim]])
* [[Davyd Sviatoslavich]], Kievan prince of [[Murom]] and [[Chernihiv|Chernigov]]
* [[Henry II, Margrave of Meissen|Henry II]], margrave of [[Margravate of Meissen|Meissen]] and the [[Saxon Eastern March|Saxon Ostmark]] (b. [[1103]])
* [[Langri Tangpa]], Tibetan [[Tibetan Buddhism|Buddhist]] monk and master (b. [[1054]])
* [[Louis the Springer]] (or Leaper), German nobleman (b. [[1042]])

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

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