Editing 1125

{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{About year|1125}}
{{Year nav|1125}}
{{C12 year in topic}} 
[[File:Lothair II, Holy Roman Emperor.jpg|upright=1.35|thumb|[[Lothair III, Holy Roman Emperor|Lothair]] (1075–1137) becomes King of Germany this year]]
Year '''1125''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MCXXV]]''') was a [[common year starting on Thursday]] of the [[Julian calendar]].

== Events ==
<onlyinclude>

=== By place ===

==== Levant ====
* [[June 11]] &ndash; [[Battle of Azaz (1125)|Battle of Azaz]]: The [[Crusader states]] led by King [[Baldwin II of Jerusalem]] defeat the [[Seljuk Empire|Seljuk forces]] at [[Azaz]] and raise the siege of the town. Baldwin mobilizes a force of 1,100 armoured knights (from [[Principality of Antioch|Antioch]], [[County of Edessa|Edessa]] and [[County of Tripoli|Tripoli]]) and 2,000 foot-soldiers. The Crusaders capture the Seljuk camp and Baldwin takes enough [[Looting|loot]] to [[ransom]] the prisoners taken by the [[Seljuq dynasty|Seljuk Turks]] (including his 4-year-old daughter [[Ioveta of Bethany|Ioveta]] and [[Joscelin II, Count of Edessa|Joscelin II]] who are taken hostage). [[Aqsunqur al-Bursuqi|Aq-Sunqur al-Bursuqi]], governor (''[[atabeg]]'') of [[Mosul]], withdraws to [[Aleppo]] and is forced to make a truce, leaving the frontier in northern [[Syria]] in peace for 18 months.<ref>Steven Runciman (1952). ''A History of The Crusades. Vol II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem'', p. 140. {{ISBN|978-0-241-29876-3}}.</ref>

==== Europe ====
* [[May 23]] &ndash; [[Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor]], dies of [[cancer]] in [[Utrecht]] after leading an expedition against King [[Louis VI of France|Louis VI]] ("the Fat") of [[France in the Middle Ages|France]] and then against the citizens of [[Worms, Germany|Worms]]. Having no legitimate children, Henry leaves his possessions to his nephew, [[Frederick II, Duke of Swabia|Frederick II]] ("the One-Eyed"), duke of [[Duchy of Swabia|Swabia]]. At the ''[[Hoftag]]'' diet in [[Regensburg]], [[Lothair III, Holy Roman Emperor|Lothair]], duke of [[Duchy of Saxony|Saxony]], is elected [[List of German monarchs|King of Germany]] and crowned at [[Aachen]] on [[September 13]].
* Lothair II (supported by [[Pope Honorius II]]) asks Frederick II to restore to the crown the estates that he has inherited from Henry V. Frederick refuses, and by year's end a succession dispute breaks out between the [[House of Welf]] and the [[Hohenstaufen|House of Hohenstaufen]]. The latter is led by Frederick and his brother [[Conrad III of Germany|Conrad III]], duke of [[Franconia]].
* King [[Inge the Younger]] of [[History of Sweden (800–1521)|Sweden]] is murdered in [[Vreta Abbey]] at the instigation of Queen [[Ulvhild Håkansdotter]] after a 20-year reign. Her cousin [[Magnus I of Sweden|Magnus I]] ("the Strong") proclaims himself ruler over the [[Lands of Sweden]] ([[Norrland]], [[Svealand]] and [[Götaland|Gothenland]]) (until [[1134]]).
* The [[Republic of Venice]] pillages the islands of [[Rhodes]], ravages [[Samos]] and [[Lesbos]], and occupies [[Chios]] (controlled by the [[Byzantine Empire]]). The [[Republic of Florence]] sacks and conquers the neighboring independent republic of [[Fiesole]] in [[Italy]].
* [[Saracen]] pirates raid the city of [[Antibes]] in [[Provence]] and the [[Benedictine]] [[Lérins Abbey|monastery of Saint Honorat]] on the [[Lérins Islands]] ([[French Riviera]]).<ref>{{cite book|title=Pays d'Islam et monde latin, Xe-XIIIe siècle: textes et documents|publisher=Presses Universitaires de Lyon|location=Lyon|author=Unité mixte de recherche 5648--Histoire et archéologie des mondes chrétiens et musulmans médiévaux}}</ref>
* The first fair in [[County of Portugal|Portugal]] is created in [[Ponte de Lima]]; it is an early sign of commercialization and economic development.<ref>{{cite book|last=de Oliveira Marques|first=António Henrique|title=Histoire du Portugal et de son empire colonial|year=1998|publisher=Karthala|location=Paris|isbn=2-86537-844-6|page=44}}</ref>
* King [[Alfonso the Battler]] of [[Kingdom of Aragon|Aragon]] and [[Kingdom of Navarre|Navarre]] leads a Castellan raid in [[Andalusia]] (Southern [[Spain]]).<ref>{{cite journal|last=McGrank|first=Lawrence|title=Norman crusaders and the Catalan reconquest: Robert Burdet and te principality of Tarragona 1129-55|journal=Journal of Medieval History|year=1981|volume=7|issue=1|pages=67–82|doi=10.1016/0304-4181(81)90036-1}}</ref>

==== England ====
* King [[Henry I of England]] arranges a marriage between his nephew [[Stephen, King of England|Stephen of Blois]] and the 20-year-old [[Matilda of Boulogne|Matilda]], daughter and heiress of [[Eustace III, Count of Boulogne|Eustace III]], count of Boulogne. This gives Stephen control of the [[County of Boulogne]] and also lands in [[Kingdom of England|England]] that have belonged to Eustace (who dies on his return from the [[Holy Land]]).

==== Asia ====
* November &ndash; [[Jin–Song War]]: Emperor [[Emperor Taizong of Jin|Taizong]] of the [[Jurchen people|Jurchen]]-led [[Jin dynasty (1115–1234)|Jin dynasty]] declares war on the Chinese [[Song dynasty]] – and orders his armies to invade Song territory. He sends the Western army to the city of [[Taiyuan]] in [[Shanxi]] province and the Eastern army to Bianjing (modern-day [[Kaifeng]]), the Song capital. The Song forces are not expecting an invasion and are caught off guard.<ref>Mole, Frederick W. (1999). ''Imperial China: 900–1800'', p. 196. Harvard University Press. {{ISBN|978-0-674-01212-7}}.</ref> 
* The [[Khamag Mongol]], a [[Mongols|Mongolic]] tribal confederation, begins to play an important role on the [[Mongolian Plateau]]. They occupy the fertile lands of the basins of the rivers [[Onon River|Onon]], [[Kherlen River|Kherlen]] and [[Tuul River|Tuul]] in the [[Khentii Mountains]].

==== Africa ====
* [[October 3]] &ndash; [[Al-Ma'mun al-Bata'ihi]], the [[vizier (Fatimid Caliphate)|vizier]] of the [[Fatimid Caliphate]], is dismissed and imprisoned by Caliph [[al-Amir]].<ref>{{Kalifen und Assassinen|page=165}}</ref>

=== By topic ===

==== Arts ====
* [[Albert of Aix]], German historian and writer, begins his ''Historia Hierosolymitanae expeditionis'' (approximate date).

==== Education ====
* [[March 29]] &ndash; [[Reading School]] is founded in [[Berkshire]] in England.

==== Religion ====
* A collection of [[Zen]] [[Chinese Buddhism|Buddhist]] [[koan]]s is compiled, in the Chinese ''[[Blue Cliff Record]]''.</onlyinclude>

== Births ==
* [[October 17]] &ndash; [[Lu You]], Chinese poet and writer (d. [[1210]])
* ''date unknown''
** [[Abraham ben David]], French [[rabbi]] (approximate date)
** [[Baldwin of Forde]], English archbishop (approximate date)
** [[Bolesław IV the Curly|Bolesław IV]] ('''the Curly'''), duke of [[Greater Poland|Poland]] (approximate date)
** [[Chueang]], Thai ruler of the [[Ngoenyang|Ngoenyang Kingdom]] (d. [[1192]])
** [[Eystein II of Norway|Eystein II]] ('''Haraldsson'''), king of [[Kingdom of Norway (872–1397)|Norway]] (approximate date)
** [[Fernando Rodríguez de Castro]], Spanish [[Nobility|nobleman]] (d. [[1185]])
** [[Giovanni de Surdis Cacciafronte]], Italian bishop (d. [[1184]])
** [[Guigues V of Albon|Guigues V]], count of [[Albon, Drôme|Albon]] and [[Grenoble]] (approximate date)
** [[Imad ad-Din al-Isfahani]], Persian historian and writer (d. [[1201]])
** [[Matilda of Savoy, Queen of Portugal|Matilda of Savoy]], queen consort of [[Kingdom of Portugal|Portugal]] (d. [[1157]])
** [[Otto II, Margrave of Meissen|Otto II]] ('''the Rich'''), margrave of [[Margravate of Meissen|Meissen]] (d. [[1190]])
** [[Raynald of Châtillon|Reginald of Châtillon]], French nobleman (d. [[1187]])
** [[William de Vesci]], Norman High Sheriff (d. 1184)
** [[William of Æbelholt]], French churchman (d. [[1203]])

== Deaths ==
* [[January 24]] &ndash; [[David IV of Georgia|David IV]] ('''the Builder'''), king of [[Kingdom of Georgia|Georgia]] (b. [[1073]])
* [[April 12]] &ndash; [[Vladislaus I, Duke of Bohemia|Vladislaus I]], duke of [[Duchy of Bohemia|Bohemia]] (b. [[1065]])
* [[May 19]] &ndash; [[Vladimir II Monomakh|Vladimir II]], Grand Prince of [[Kievan Rus'|Kiev]] (b. [[1053]])
* [[May 23]] &ndash; [[Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor|Henry V]], Holy Roman Emperor (b. [[1086]])<ref>{{cite web |title=Henry V {{!}} Holy Roman emperor |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Henry-V-Holy-Roman-emperor |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |access-date=21 October 2020 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[June 22]] &ndash; [[Lambert of St-Bertin]], French chronicler
* [[September 14]] &ndash; [[Constance of France, Princess of Antioch|Constance]], princess of [[Principality of Antioch|Antioch]] (b. [[1078]])
* [[September 27]] &ndash; [[Richeza of Berg]], duchess of Bohemia
* [[October 21]] &ndash; [[Cosmas of Prague]], Bohemian chronicler
* [[December 3]] &ndash; [[Berengar II of Sulzbach|Berengar II]], German nobleman
* [[December 29]] &ndash; [[Agnes I, Abbess of Quedlinburg|Agnes I]], abbess of [[Quedlinburg Abbey|Quedlinburg]]
* [[Adalbert von Mörsberg|Adalbert II]], count of [[Château de Morimont|Mörsberg]] (approximate date)
* [[Alina Martain]], French [[Benedictines|Benedictine]] nun and saint
* [[Al-Ma'mun al-Bata'ihi]], vizier of the [[Fatimid Caliphate]]
* [[Bernard of Sédirac]], Spanish [[abbot]] and archbishop
* [[Bonfilius]], Italian Benedictine monk and bishop
* [[Eustace III of Boulogne|Eustace III]], count of [[County of Boulogne|Boulogne]] (approximate date)
* [[Harding of Bristol]], English [[Reeve (England)|sheriff reeve]] (b. [[1048]])
* [[Hugh, Count of Champagne|Hugh I]], count of [[County of Champagne|Champagne]] (approximate date)
* [[Ibn al-Khashshab (died 1125)|Ibn al-Khashshab]], Seljuk [[Shia Islam|Shi'i]] magistrate (''[[qadi]]'')
* [[Inge the Younger]], king of [[History of Sweden (800–1521)|Sweden]] (approximate date)
* [[Robert de Mowbray]], Norman [[Earl of Northumbria]]

== References ==
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