Editing 1126

{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2011}}
{{About year|1126}}
{{Year nav|1126}}
{{C12 year in topic}}
[[File:Adolf Liebscher - Vítězství Soběslava I. u Chlumce 18. února 1126.jpg|upright=1.35|thumb|[[War of Bohemian Succession (1125–1140)|Battle of Chlumec]], by [[Adolf Liebscher]]]]
Year '''1126''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MCXXVI]]''') was a [[common year starting on Friday]] of the [[Julian calendar]].

== Events ==
<onlyinclude>

=== By place ===

==== Byzantine Empire ====
* Summer &ndash; Emperor [[John II Komnenos]] re-confirms the treaty of [[1082]]. This ends the hostilities with [[Kingdom of Hungary|Hungary]] and [[Republic of Venice|Venice]]. John secures [[Braničevo (Golubac)|Braničevo]], and recovers the region of [[Syrmia|Sirmium]] on the [[Danube]], but is forced by Venice to renew the exclusive commercial privileges.

==== Levant ====
* Spring &ndash; The Crusaders under [[Pons, Count of Tripoli|Pons]], count of [[County of Tripoli|Tripoli]], attack the fortress of [[Raphanea|Rafaniya]] (once held by Pons' grandfather [[Raymond IV, Count of Toulouse|Raymond IV]]), which dominates the entry of the [[Beqaa Valley|Buqaia]] from the [[Orontes River|Orontes]] Valley. They besiege the fortress for 18 days and capture it on [[March 31]].<ref name=Runciman>{{cite book|author-link=Steven Runciman|first=Steven|last=Runciman|year=1952|title=A History of The Crusades. Vol '''II''': The Kingdom of Jerusalem|pages=140–141|publisher=Penguin Books, Limited |isbn=978-0-241-29876-3}}</ref>
* Autumn &ndash; [[Bohemond II of Antioch|Bohemond II]] takes over his inheritance of the [[Principality of Antioch]]. He sails from [[Otranto]] with a Norman fleet of 24 ships, carrying a number of troops and horses. Bohemond lands at the port of [[Port Saint Symeon|St. Symeon]] early in October and is welcomed at [[Antioch]].<ref name=Runciman/>

==== Europe ====
* [[February 18]] &ndash; [[War of Bohemian Succession (1125–1140)|Battle of Chlumec]]: Duke [[Soběslav I, Duke of Bohemia|Soběslav I]] defeats a German army under King [[Lothair III, Holy Roman Emperor|Lothair III]] and his Moravian ally, Duke [[Otto II the Black]]. Soběslav becomes the head of the [[Duchy of Bohemia|Bohemian Principality]].<ref>[http://www.bellum.cz/en/battle-of-chlumec.html Bellum.cz – Battle of Chlumec 18th February 1126]</ref>
* [[March 8]] &ndash; Queen [[Urraca of León]] ("the Reckless") dies after a 17-year reign. She is succeeded by her 21-year-old son [[Alfonso VII of León and Castile|Alfonso VII ''el Emperador'']] who becomes king of [[Kingdom of León|León]] (until [[1157]]).
* [[Ragnvald Knaphövde]], pretender to the Swedish throne, is killed by upset peasants at a local ''[[Thing (assembly)|thing]]''. [[Sweden]] is without a ruler, but [[Magnus I of Sweden|Magnus I]] ("the Strong") claims sovereignty over [[Götaland|Gothenland]].
* Summer &ndash; King [[Alfonso the Battler]] of [[Kingdom of Aragon|Aragon]] and [[Kingdom of Navarre|Navarre]] launches a campaign raid into [[Granada]] in [[Andalusia]] (modern [[Spain]]) against the [[Almoravid dynasty|Almoravids]]. In the aftermath, the Almoravid deport Jews and [[Mozarabs|Christians from Andalusia]] to Morocco.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Fierro |first1=Maribel |editor1-last=Rubin |editor1-first=Uri |editor2-last=Wasserstein |editor2-first=David |title=Dhimmis and Others: Jews and Christians and the World of Classical Islam |date=1997 |publisher=Eisenbrauns |isbn=978-1-57506-026-2 |pages=155–156 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qPYn9tHGzj4C |access-date=11 May 2024 |language=en |chapter=Christian Success and Muslim Fear in Andalusi Writing during the Almoravid and Almohad Periods}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Abun-Nasr |first1=Jamil M. |title=A History of the Maghrib in the Islamic Period |date=20 August 1987 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-33767-0 |page=87 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jdlKbZ46YYkC |access-date=11 May 2024 |language=en}}</ref>
* Winter &ndash; King [[Lothair III, Holy Roman Emperor|Lothair III]] makes [[Henry X, Duke of Bavaria|Henry X]] ("the Proud"), duke of [[Duchy of Bavaria|Bavaria]] to succeed his late father, [[Henry IX, Duke of Bavaria|Henry IX]] ("the Black"), who has died on [[December 13]].

==== Britain ====
* [[Shrewsbury Castle]] is granted by King [[Henry I of England|Henry I]] to his second wife, Queen [[Adeliza of Louvain]] (or Adelicia). The command of the castle is given to [[William FitzAlan, Lord of Oswestry|William FitzAlan]].
* [[Rutherglen]] (located in [[South Lanarkshire]]) becomes one of the first of the [[Royal Burgh]]s in [[Kingdom of Scotland|Scotland]].

==== Asia ====
* Spring &ndash; In [[China]], scholars and farmers demonstrate around the capital city of [[Kaifeng]], for the restoration of a trusted military official, [[Li Gang (Song dynasty)|Li Gang]] (李綱). Small conflicts erupt between the protestors and the government.
* [[January 18]] &ndash; Emperor [[Emperor Huizong of Song|Hui Zong]] of the [[Song dynasty|Song Dynasty]] abdicates in favour of his eldest son, [[Emperor Qinzong of Song|Qin Zong]] after a 24-year reign. Hui Zong assumes the honorary title of ''[[Taishang Huang]]'' (or "Retired Emperor").
* [[Jin–Song Wars|Jin–Song War]]: Jurchen forces reach the [[Yellow River]] Valley, two days after [[Chinese New Year|New Year]]. Remnants of the court flee south, including much of the populace, and communities such as the [[Kaifeng Jews]].<ref>Mote, Frederick W. (1999). ''Imperial China: 900–1800'', p. 196. Harvard University Press. {{ISBN|978-0-674-01212-7}}.</ref>
* [[January 31]] &ndash; Jurchen forces lay siege to Kaifeng. Qin Zong negotiates the terms of surrender, agreeing an annual [[indemnity]]. He orders Song forces to defend the prefectures of the Northern Song.

=== By topic ===

==== Literature ====
* [[Adelard of Bath]], an English philosopher, translates [[Muḥammad ibn Mūsā al-Khwārizmī]]'s [[arithmetic]] and [[astronomy|astronomical]] works into [[Latin]].
* Two previously written Chinese [[Medication|pharmaceutical]] works, one by [[Shen Kuo]] and one by [[Su Shi]], are combined into one written work.

==== Religion ====
* [[Olegarius]], archbishop of [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Tarragona|Tarragona]], creates a community of knights (known as the "Confraternity of Tarragona"), to combat the Almoravids in [[Catalonia]].<ref>{{cite journal|last=Fletcher|first=R. A.|title=Reconquest and Crusade in Spain c. 1050-1150|journal=Transactions of the Royal Historical Society|year=1987|volume=37|series=5|pages=31–47 [46]|doi=10.2307/3679149 |jstor=3679149}}</ref>
</onlyinclude>

== Births ==
* [[Abu Madyan]], Andalusian mystic and [[Sufism|Sufi]] master (d. [[1198]])
* [[Averroes|Averroes ibn Rushd]], Andalusian judge and physician (d. 1198)
* [[Eynion de Tilston]], Norman [[knight]] and lord of [[Tilston]] (approximate date)
* [[Fan Chengda]], Chinese politician, poet and geographer (d. [[1193]])
* [[Michael the Syrian]] ("the Great"), Syriac patriarch (d. [[1199]])
* [[Mieszko III the Old]], duke of [[Duchy of Greater Poland|Greater Poland]] (d. [[1202]])
* [[Princess Muneko|Muneko]], Japanese princess and empress (d. [[1189]])
* [[Peter I of Courtenay]], French [[Nobility|nobleman]] (d. [[1183]])
* [[Sibylla of Burgundy]], queen of [[Kingdom of Sicily|Sicily]] (d. [[1150]])
* [[Sviatoslav III of Kiev|Sviatoslav III]], Grand Prince of [[Principality of Kiev|Kiev]] (d. [[1194]])
* [[Taira no Tokiko]], Japanese [[Buddhism in Japan|Buddhist]] nun (d. [[1185]])

== Deaths ==
* [[February 18]] &ndash; [[Otto II the Black]], Moravian prince (b. [[1085]]) 
* [[March 8]] &ndash; [[Urraca of León|Urraca]], queen regnant of [[Kingdom of León|León]] and [[Kingdom of Galicia|Galicia]] (b. [[1079]])
* [[July 30]] &ndash; [[Cecilia of Normandy]] (or Cecily), English princess 
* [[September 1]] &ndash; [[Świętosława of Poland]], queen of [[Bohemia]]
* [[October 1]] &ndash; [[Morphia of Melitene]], queen of [[Kingdom of Jerusalem|Jerusalem]] (or [[1127]])
* [[December 4]] &ndash; [[Omar Khayyam]], Persian [[Mathematics in medieval Islam|mathematician]] (b. [[1048]])
* [[December 13]] &ndash; [[Henry IX, Duke of Bavaria|Henry IX the Black]], duke of [[Duchy of Bavaria|Bavaria]] (b. [[1075]])
* [[December 29]] &ndash; [[Wulfhilde of Saxony]], duchess of Bavaria (b. [[1072]])
* [[Abu Bakr al-Turtushi]], Andalusian political philosopher (b. [[1059]])
* [[Abu Nasr Ahmad ibn Fadl]], Seljuk ruler (''[[vizier]]'') of [[Damascus]]
* [[Ahmad Ghazali]], Persian mystic and writer (approximate date)
* [[Al-Tutili]] ("Blind Poet of Tudela"), Andalusian ''[[Muwallad]]'' poet
* [[Bertrand of Comminges]], French bishop and saint (b. [[1050]])
* [[Cai Jing]], Chinese politician and [[Chinese calligraphy|calligrapher]] (b. [[1047]])
* [[Edgar the Ætheling]], uncrowned king of [[Kingdom of England|England]] (b. c. [[1052]])
* [[Ekkehard of Aura]], German [[abbot]], chronicler and writer
* [[Ragnvald Knaphövde]], Swedish pretender (approximate date)
* [[Tong Guan]], Chinese general and political adviser (b. [[1054]])
* [[Vikramaditya VI]], king of the [[Western Chalukya Empire]]
* [[Waleran of Le Puiset]], French nobleman (approximate date)
* [[Wynebald de Ballon]], Norman nobleman (b. [[1058]])

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

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