Editing 1138

{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2011}}
{{About year|1138}}
{{Year nav|1138}}
{{C12 year in topic}} 
[[File:Konrad III Miniatur 13 Jahrhundert.jpg|thumb|upright|right|King [[Conrad III of Germany|Conrad III]] (r. 1138–1152)]]
Year '''1138''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MCXXXVIII]]''') was a [[common year starting on Saturday]] of the [[Julian calendar]].

== Events ==
<onlyinclude>

=== By place ===

==== Europe ====
* [[March 7]] &ndash; [[Conrad III of Germany|Conrad III]] is elected as [[King of the Romans#List|King of Germany]], in the presence of the papal legate [[Theodwin of Santa Rufina|Theodwin]] at [[Koblenz]]. He is crowned at [[Aachen]] six days later (on [[March 13]]), and acknowledged in [[Bamberg]] by several German princes of southern [[Kingdom of Germany|Germany]].<ref name="Quitz2014">{{cite book|author=Daniel Quitz|title=Die Königswahl Konrad III. 1138 und seine Politik gegenüber den Welfen|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ra6aAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA1|date=19 May 2014|publisher=GRIN Cerlag|isbn=978-3-656-65725-5|pages=1–}}</ref> [[Henry X, Duke of Bavaria|Henry X]] (the Proud), son-in-law and heir of the late King [[Lothair III, Holy Roman Emperor|Lothair III]], refuses his allegiance to Conrad. He is deprived of all his Saxon territories, which are given to [[Leopold, Duke of Bavaria|Leopold IV]] (the Generous). 
* Summer &ndash; A civil war breaks out in the [[Holy Roman Empire]], a struggle begins between the [[Guelphs and Ghibellines]], while the family name [[House of Welf|Welf]] of Henry X will be corrupted into ''Guelph''. 
* [[October 20]] &ndash; [[Bolesław III Wrymouth|Bolesław III]] (Wrymouth) dies after a 31-year reign. He divides [[Kingdom of Poland (1025–1385)|Poland]] among his sons: [[Władysław II the Exile|Władyslaw II]] (the Exile) receives [[Duchy of Silesia|Silesia]] and the [[Seniorate Province|Senioral]] territories – which includes the [[Kraków]] and [[Łęczyca]] regions, as well as parts of [[Kuyavia|Kujawy]] and [[Greater Poland|Wielkopolska]] ("Greater Poland"). [[Bolesław IV the Curly|Bolesław IV]] (the Curly) receives [[Duchy of Masovia|Masovia]] and [[Mieszko III the Old|Mieszko III]] receives the newly established [[Duchy of Greater Poland]]. The 7-year-old [[Henry of Sandomierz|Henry]] becomes duke of [[Sandomierz]]. Bolesław's last son, [[Casimir II the Just|Casimir II]] receives nothing, as he is born after his father's death.<ref>Richard Brzezinski (1998). ''History of Poland – Old Poland and the Piast Dynasty'', pp. 20–21. {{ISBN|83-7212-019-6}}.</ref>

==== Britain ====
* May &ndash; Earl [[Robert, 1st Earl of Gloucester|Robert FitzRoy]] rebels against King [[Stephen, King of England|Stephen]], supporting Matilda (his step-sister) in her claim for the English throne. Matilda is given refuge by Earl [[William d'Aubigny, 1st Earl of Arundel|William de Albini]] at [[Arundel Castle]]. Stephen builds siege works around the castle, but is unable to break the castle's defences. In [[France in the Middle Ages|France]], Matilda's husband Duke [[Geoffrey Plantagenet, Count of Anjou|Geoffrey V]] (the Fair) takes advantage of the situation by re-invading [[Duchy of Normandy|Normandy]]. 
* [[August 22]] &ndash; [[Battle of the Standard]]: King [[David I of Scotland]] gives his full support to [[Empress Matilda|Matilda]] (daughter of the late King [[Henry I of England|Henry I]]), and invades the north of [[Kingdom of England|England]] – travelling as far south as [[Lincolnshire]]. The Scottish army (some 15,000 men) is defeated by English forces under Earl [[William le Gros, Earl of York|William le Gros]] in [[Yorkshire]]. David retreats to [[Carlisle]] and reassembles an army. 
* The [[Earl of Pembroke|Earldom of Pembroke]], created for [[Gilbert de Clare, 1st Earl of Pembroke|Gilbert de Clare]], becomes the first earldom created by Stephen within the borders in [[Wales]]. Gilbert receives the [[Rape (county subdivision)|rape]] and [[Pevensey Castle]].

==== Middle East ====
* Spring &ndash; Emperor [[John II Komnenos|John II]] (Komnenos) leads a Byzantine expeditionary force into [[Bilad al-Sham|Syria]] and arrives before the walls of [[Aleppo]] on [[April 20]]. The city proves too strong to attack, but the fortresses of [[Bizaah|Biza'a]], [[Atarib|Athareb]], [[Ma'arrat Nu'man]] and [[Kafartab]] are taken by assault. While the Byzantines besiege the city of [[Shaizar]], the Crusader allies Prince [[Raymond of Poitiers]] of [[Principality of Antioch|Antioch]] and Count [[Joscelin II, Count of Edessa|Joscelin II]] of [[County of Edessa|Edessa]] remain in their camp playing [[dice]].<ref>[[Steven Runciman]] (1952). ''A History of The Crusades. Vol II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem'', pp. 173–174. {{ISBN|978-0-241-29876-3}}.</ref>
* [[Siege of Shaizar]]: The Byzantines under John II besiege the capital of the [[Banu Munqidh|Munqidhite Emirate]]. They capture the lower city on [[May 20]], but fail to take the citadel. John negotiates with Emir [[Banu Munqidh|Abu'l Asakir Sultan]] – who sends him an offer to pay a large indemnity and becoming a [[vassal]] of the [[Byzantine Empire]]. John, disgusted by his Crusader allies, accepts the terms and raises the siege on [[May 21]].<ref>Steven Runciman (1952). ''A History of The Crusades. Vol II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem'', pp. 173–175. {{ISBN|978-0-241-29876-3}}.</ref>
* [[October 11]] &ndash; [[1138 Aleppo earthquake|An earthquake]] in [[Aleppo]], [[Syria (region)|Syria]], kills about 230,000 people.
* [[Al-Rashid Billah]] (Deposed caliph of [[Baghdad]]) fled to [[Isfahan (city)|Isfahan]] where he was assassinated by a team of four [[Order of Assassins|Nizari Ismailis (Assassins)]] in June 1138. This was celebrated in [[Alamut Castle|Alamut]] for a week by [[Shia]]s.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Daftary |first1=Farhad |title=The Isma'ilis: Their History and Doctrines |date=1992 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-42974-0 |page=384 |language=en}}</ref>

==== Asia ====
* [[November 5]] &ndash; [[Lý Anh Tông]] is enthroned as emperor of [[Đại Việt]] at the age of two, starting a 37-year reign.

=== By topic ===

==== Religion ====
* [[April 10]] &ndash; [[Robert Warelwast]] is nominated as bishop of [[Diocese of Exeter|Exeter]] at a royal council in [[Northampton]], England.
</onlyinclude>

== Births ==
* [[Casimir II the Just|Casimir II]] (the Just), duke of [[Greater Poland|Poland]] (d. [[1194]])
* [[Conan IV, Duke of Brittany|Conan IV]] (the Young), duke of [[Duchy of Brittany|Brittany]] (d. [[1171]])
* [[Fujiwara no Narichika]], Japanese [[Nobility|nobleman]] (d. [[1178]])
* [[Hōjō Tokimasa]], Japanese nobleman and [[regent]] (d. [[1215]])
* [[Saladin]] (the Lion),<ref>{{cite book | first1 = Malcolm| last1 = Lyons| first2 = D. E. P.| last2 = Jackson| title = Saladin: The Politics of the Holy War| date = 2008 | isbn = 978-0521317399| page = [https://archive.org/details/saladinpoliticso0000lyon/page/2 2] | publisher = Cambridge University Press| url = https://archive.org/details/saladinpoliticso0000lyon/page/2}}</ref> sultan of [[Egypt in the Middle Ages#Ayyubid period|Egypt]] and [[Bilad al-Sham|Syria]] (d. [[1193]])
* [[Taira no Shigemori]], Japanese nobleman (d. [[1179]])
* [[Tancred, King of Sicily|Tancred]] ("the Monkey King"), king of [[Kingdom of Sicily|Sicily]] (d. 1194)

== Deaths ==
* [[January 13]] or [[January 14]] &ndash; [[Simon I, Duke of Lorraine|Simon I]], duke of [[Duchy of Lorraine|Lorraine]] (b. [[1076]])
* [[February 19]] &ndash; [[Irene Doukaina]], Byzantine empress 
* [[May 11]] &ndash; [[William de Warenne, 2nd Earl of Surrey|William de Warenne]], 2nd [[Earl of Surrey]]
* [[May 27]] &ndash; [[Hadmar I of Kuenring]], German nobleman 
* [[June 6]] &ndash; [[Ar-Rashid (1109–1138)|Al-Rashid]], caliph of the [[Abbasid Caliphate]] (b. [[1109]])
* [[August 12]] &ndash; [[Suero Vermúdez]], Asturian nobleman
* [[October 28]] &ndash; [[Bolesław III Wrymouth|Bolesław III]] (Wrymouth), duke of [[Greater Poland|Poland]] (b. [[1086]])
* [[Amhlaoibh Mór mac Fir Bhisigh]], Irish poet and cleric
* [[Arwa al-Sulayhi]], queen and co-ruler of [[Yemen]] (b. [[1048]])
* [[Avempace]], Andalusian [[polymath]] and philosopher (b. [[1085]])
* [[Chen Yuyi]], Chinese politician of the [[Song dynasty]] (b. [[1090]])
* [[David the Scot]], bishop of [[Diocese of Bangor|Bangor]] (approximate date)
* [[Kiya Buzurg Ummid]], ruler of the [[Nizari Ismaili state|Nizari Isma'ili State]]
* [[Rodrigo Martínez]], Leonese nobleman and diplomat
* [[Rudolf of St Trond|Rudolf of St. Trond]], French [[Benedictines|Benedictine]] chronicler
* [[Someshvara III]], ruler of the [[Western Chalukya Empire]]
* [[Vakhtang, son of David IV of Georgia|Vakhtang]] (or Tsuata), Georgian nobleman (b. [[1118]])

== References ==
{{Reflist}}



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