Editing 1176

{{About|the year|the dynamic range compressor|1176 Peak Limiter}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2011}}
{{About year|1176}}
{{more citations needed|date=September 2018}}
{{Year nav|1176}}
{{C12 year in topic}} 
[[File:Crusades surprised by turks.jpg|upright=1.35|thumb|The [[Sultanate of Rum|Rum Turks]] ambush the Byzantines at the pass of [[Battle of Myriokephalon|Myriokephalon]] (1880).]]
Year '''1176''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MCLXXVI]]''') was a [[leap year starting on Thursday]] of the [[Julian calendar]], the 1176th year of the [[Common Era]] (CE) and [[Anno Domini]] (AD) designations, the 176th year of the [[2nd millennium]], the 76th year of [[12th century]], and the 7th year of the [[1170s]] decade.

== Events ==
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=== By place ===

==== Byzantine Empire ====
* Summer &ndash; Emperor [[Manuel I Komnenos|Manuel I]] ('''Komnenos''') assembles a Byzantine expeditionary force, and marches towards [[Konya|Iconium]], the Seljuk capital. Meanwhile, hordes of [[Seljuq dynasty|Seljuk Turks]] destroy crops and poison water supplies, to make Manuel's march more difficult, and harass the Byzantine army, in order to force it into the [[Büyük Menderes River|Meander]] Valley. [[Kilij Arslan II]], ruler of the [[Sultanate of Rum]], hears of the expedition, and sends envoys to ask for peace.<ref>[[Steven Runciman]] (1952). ''A History of The Crusades. Vol II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem'', p. 336. {{ISBN|978-0-241-29876-3}}.</ref>
* [[September 17]] &ndash; [[Battle of Myriokephalon]]: The Seljuk Turks defeat the Byzantine forces led by Manuel I, who are ambushed when moving through a narrow mountain pass near [[Lake Beyşehir]]. The Byzantines are dispersed and surrounded. They suffer heavy casualties and their siege equipment is destroyed. Manuel flees in panic and is forced to sign a peace treaty with Kilij Arslan II.<ref>Steven Runciman (1952). ''A History of The Crusades. Vol II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem'', p. 337. {{ISBN|978-0-241-29876-3}}.</ref>

==== Europe ====
* [[May 29]] &ndash; [[Battle of Legnano]]: The Imperial army (some 5,500 men) led by Emperor [[Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor|Frederick I]] ('''Barbarossa''') is defeated by forces of the [[Lombard League]], leading to the ''pactum Anagnium'' (the [[Anagni#Middle Ages|Agreement of Anagni]]).

==== Britain ====
* Spring &ndash; [[Assize of Northampton]]: King [[Henry II of England|Henry II]] establishes the rules for the administration of criminal justice that he has set out in [[1166]] at [[Assize of Clarendon|Clarendon]].
* Winter &ndash; [[1176 Cardigan eisteddfod|An international bardic festival]] at [[Cardigan Castle]] in [[Wales]]. The first recorded [[eisteddfod]].

==== Egypt ====
* [[Al-Adil I]], Ayyubid governor of [[Egypt in the Middle Ages|Egypt]], suppresses a revolt by the Christian [[Copts in Egypt|Copts]] in the city of [[Qift]], hanging nearly 3,000 of them on the trees near the city.

==== Levant ====
* Spring &ndash; [[Saladin]] defeats the Zangid forces before [[Damascus]] and marries [[Nur ad-Din (died 1174)|Nur al-Din]]'s widow [[Ismat ad-Din Khatun|Asimat]]. On [[June 24]] he accepts a truce and is recognized as the sovereign over [[Syria]].<ref>Steven Runciman (1952). ''A History of The Crusades. Vol II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem'', pp. 333–334. {{ISBN|978-0-241-29876-3}}.</ref>
* Summer &ndash; Saladin ends his siege of the [[Isma'ilism|Ismaili]] ("[[Order of Assassins|Assassins]]") fortress of [[Masyaf]], which is commanded by [[rashid ad-Din Sinan|Rashid al-Din Sinan]]. 
* Autumn &ndash; [[William of Montferrat, Count of Jaffa and Ascalon|William of Montferrat]] ('''Longsword''') marries the 16-year-old Princess [[Sibylla, Queen of Jerusalem|Sibylla]], sister of King [[Baldwin IV of Jerusalem|Baldwin IV]] ('''the Leper''').<ref>Steven Runciman (1952). ''A History of The Crusades. Vol II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem'', p. 335. {{ISBN|978-0-241-29876-3}}.</ref>
* [[Raynald of Châtillon]] is released and ransomed from prison in [[Aleppo]], together with [[Joscelin III, Count of Edessa|Joscelin III]], the titular count of [[County of Edessa|Edessa]].

==== Asia ====
* [[Unkei]], a Japanese sculptor, completes his [[Dainichi Nyorai (Enjō-ji)]] statue, now a [[National Treasure (Japan)|National Treasure of Japan]].

=== By topic ===

==== Religion ====
* Autumn &ndash; Frederick I makes peace with Pope [[Pope Alexander III|Alexander III]] and recognizes his legitimacy as pope of the [[Catholic Church]].<ref>Williams, Hywel (2005). ''Cassell's Chronology of World History''. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. p. 127. {{ISBN|0-304-35730-8}}.</ref>
* [[Sens Cathedral]] in [[Burgundy]] installs an ''horologe'', presumed to be an early form of clock.
* The [[Carthusians]] are approved as a religious order.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Chambers|first1=William|last2=Chambers|first2=Robert|title=Chambers' Encyclopaedia: A Dictionary of Universal Knowledge, Volume II|date=1892|publisher=J. B. Lippincott Company|location=Philadelphia|page=799|edition=New|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UfhBAAAAYAAJ&q=carthusians+1176&pg=PA799|accessdate=8 March 2018}}</ref>
</onlyinclude>

== Births ==
* [[October 15]] &ndash; [[Leopold VI, Duke of Austria|Leopold VI]], German [[Nobility|nobleman]] (d. [[1230]])
* [[Agnes of Hohenstaufen]], German noblewoman (d. [[1204]])
* [[Al-Mu'azzam Isa]], Ayyubid ruler of [[Damascus]] (d. [[1227]])
* [[Anna Komnene Angelina]], Nicene empress  (d. [[1212]])
* [[Fujiwara no Nobuzane]], Japanese painter (d. [[1265]])
* [[Hachijō-in Takakura]], Japanese ''[[Waka (poetry)|waka]]'' poet (d. [[1248]])
* [[Henry de Bohun, 1st Earl of Hereford|Henry de Bohun]], 1st [[Earl of Hereford]] (d. [[1220]])
* [[Hugh de Lacy, 1st Earl of Ulster|Hugh de Lacy]], 1st [[Earl of Ulster]] (approximate date)
* [[Maud le Vavasour, Baroness Butler|Maud le Vavasour]], English noblewoman (d. [[1225]])
* [[Theresa of Portugal, Queen of León|Theresa of Portugal]], queen of [[Kingdom of León|León]] (d. [[1250]])
* [[William Longespée, 3rd Earl of Salisbury|William Longespée]], 3rd [[Earl of Salisbury]] (d. [[1226]])

== Deaths ==
* [[April 18]] &ndash; [[Galdino della Sala]], Italian archbishop (b. [[1096]])
* [[April 20]] &ndash; [[Richard de Clare, 2nd Earl of Pembroke|Richard de Clare]], English nobleman (b. [[1130]])
* [[May 8]] &ndash; [[David FitzGerald]], bishop of [[Diocese of St Davids|St. Davids]] (b. [[1106]])
* [[May 13]] &ndash; [[Matthias I, Duke of Lorraine|Matthias I]], duke of [[Duchy of Lorraine|Lorraine]] (b. [[1119]])
* [[July 20]] &ndash; [[Princess Yoshiko (Nijō)|Yoshika]], Japanese empress (b. [[1141]])
* [[August 23]] &ndash; [[Emperor Rokujō|Rokujō]], emperor of [[Japan]] (b. [[1164]])
* [[September 1]] &ndash; [[Maurice FitzGerald, Lord of Lanstephan|Maurice FitzGerald]], English nobleman
* [[September 17]] 
** [[Baldwin of Antioch]], French nobleman
** [[John Kantakouzenos (sebastos)|John Kantakouzenos]], Byzantine general
* [[October 12]] &ndash; [[William d'Aubigny, 1st Earl of Arundel|William d'Aubigny]], English politician (b. [[1109]])
* [[Ahmad ibn Muhammad Sajawandi]], Persian chronicler
* [[Chekawa Yeshe Dorje]], Tibetan [[Buddhism|Buddhist]] monk (b. [[1102]])
* [[Constance of France, Countess of Toulouse|Constance of France]], French princess (approximate date)
* [[Kujō-in|Fujiwara no Teishi]], Japanese noblewoman (b. [[1131]])
* [[Jaksa Gryfita]], Polish nobleman and [[knight]] (b. [[1120]])
* [[John Doukas Komnenos|John Doukas]] ('''Komnenos'''), Byzantine governor (b. [[1128]])
* [[Klængur Þorsteinsson]], bishop of [[Skálholt]] (b. [[1102]])
* [[Margrethe of Roskilde]], Danish noblewoman and saint 
* [[Michael Aspietes]], Byzantine nobleman and general
* [[Rosamund Clifford]] ('''the Fair'''), mistress of [[Henry II of England|Henry II]]
* [[Sancha Ponce de Cabrera]], Spanish noblewoman
* [[Volodar Glebovich, Prince of Minsk|Volodar Glebovich]], prince of [[Principality of Minsk|Minsk]] (approximate date)

== References ==
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