Editing 1196

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[[File:Second Bulgarian Empire (1185-1196).png|upright=1.35|thumb|[[Second Bulgarian Empire]] (1185–1196)]]
Year '''1196''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MCXCVI]]''') was a [[leap year starting on Monday]] of the [[Julian calendar]].

== Events ==
<onlyinclude>

=== By place ===

==== Byzantine Empire ====
* [[December]] &ndash; Emperor [[Alexios III Angelos|Alexios III]] ('''Angelos''') is threatened by Emperor [[Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor]], who demands 5,000 pounds of gold or the Byzantines will face an invasion, this due to a convoluted system of dynastic claims of Henry gaining control of Alexios' daughter [[Irene Doukaina]]. The amount is negotiated down to 1,600 pounds of gold – with Alexios plundering the imperial tombs within the [[Church of the Holy Apostles]] – as well as levying a heavy and unpopular tax, known as the ''[[Alamanikon]]'' (or '''German Tax''').<ref>Brand, Charles M. (1991). ''The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium'', pp. 50–51. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. {{ISBN|0-19-504652-8}}.</ref>

==== Europe ====
* Spring &ndash; Henry VI persuades a diet at [[Würzburg]]. He manages to convince the majority of the German nobles and clergy to recognize his 2-year-old son, [[Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor|Frederick II]], as king of the Romans and heir to the imperial throne. However, Archbishop [[Adolf of Altena|Adolf of Cologne]] thwarts the will of the diet and arouses the resistance of several [[Duchy of Saxony|Saxon]] and [[Duchy of Thuringia|Thuringian]] nobles against Henry, who realizes that he is unable to establish a hereditary monarchy (see [[Erbreichsplan]]) in the [[Holy Roman Empire]] without resistance.<ref>Hampe, Karl (1973). ''Germany under the Salian and Hohenstaufen Emperors'', p. 226. Trans: Bennett, Ralph. Oxford: Blackwell. {{ISBN|0-631-14180-4}}.</ref>
* [[April 23]] &ndash; [[Béla III of Hungary|Béla III]] dies after a 23-year reign in which he has supported the former Byzantine emperor [[Isaac II Angelos|Isaac II]] ('''Angelos''') against the invading Bulgarians. Having made the Hungarian court one of the most brilliant in [[Europe]] and made his hereditary monarchy. Béla is succeeded by his 22-year-old son [[Emeric, King of Hungary|Emeric]] as ruler of [[Kingdom of Hungary|Hungary]], [[Croatia in personal union with Hungary|Croatia]] and [[Dalmatia]] (until [[1204]]).
* [[April 25]] &ndash; King [[Alfonso II of Aragon|Alfonso II]] ('''the Chaste''') dies after a 32-year reign at [[Perpignan]]. He leaves a will that divides his realm ([[kingdom of Aragon|Aragon]] loses [[Provence]]) and is succeeded by his 21-year-old son [[Peter II of Aragon|Peter II]] ('''the Catholic''').
* [[Battle of Serres]]: Bulgarian forces under Tsar [[Ivan Asen I of Bulgaria|Ivan Asen I]] defeat the Byzantine army near [[Serres]]. During the winter Ivan continues his campaign in [[Central Macedonia]] and captures many Byzantine fortresses.
* Ivan Asen I is stabbed to death by [[Ivanko (Bulgarian boyar)|Ivanko]], a Bulgarian [[boyar]] (aristocrat), who is accused of having an affair with Ivan's wife's sister. He is succeeded by his brother [[Kaloyan of Bulgaria|Kaloyan]] as co-ruler of the [[Second Bulgarian Empire|Bulgarian Empire]].

==== England ====
* Spring &ndash; [[William Fitz Osbert|William FitzOsbert]], a rebel leader, leads an uprising of the poor against the rich in [[London]]. He gathers over 52,000 supporters, stocks of weapons are cached throughout the city by breaking into the houses of the rich. Finally, the riots are suppressed and William is [[hanged, drawn and quartered]] by orders of [[Hubert Walter]], archbishop of [[Diocese of Canterbury|Canterbury]]. 
* [[Kingdom of England|England]] is struck by pestilence and a resulting [[famine]].<ref>Warren, W. L. (1961). ''King John''. University of California Press. p. 60.</ref>

==== Asia ====
* [[Ch'oe Ch'ung-hŏn]], a Korean general, massacres his rivals and restores unity. After a [[coup d'état]], he takes full power and becomes prime-minister of the Korean state [[Goryeo]] (until [[1219]]).<ref>Williams, Hywel (2005). ''Cassell's Chronology of World History'', p. 131. {{ISBN|0-304-35730-8}}.</ref>
</onlyinclude>

== Births ==
* [[January 3]] &ndash; [[Emperor Tsuchimikado|Tsuchimikado]], emperor of [[Japan]] (d. [[1231]])

* [[March 27]] &ndash; [[Sviatoslav III of Vladimir|Sviatoslav III]], Kievan Grand Prince (d. [[1252]])
* [[Abul Hasan ash-Shadhili]], Almohad scholar (d. [[1258]])
* [[Alberico da Romano|Alberico II]], Italian [[troubadour]] and statesman (d. [[1260]])
* [[Aurembiaix]], Spanish countess ([[County of Urgell|House of Urgell]]) (d. 1231)
* [[Prince Dōjonyūdō|Dōjonyūdō]], Japanese [[Nobility|nobleman]] and ''[[Waka (poetry)|waka]]'' poet (d. [[1249]])
* [[Henry II the Pious|Henry II]] ('''the Pious'''), High Duke of [[Kingdom of Poland (1025–1385)|Poland]] (d. [[1241]])
* [[Henry VI, Count Palatine of the Rhine|Henry VI]] ('''the Younger'''), German nobleman (d. [[1214]])
* [[Pedro Alfonso de León]], Spanish nobleman (d. [[1226]])
* [[William II of Dampierre]], French nobleman (d. 1231)

== Deaths ==
* [[January 6]] &ndash; [[Burchard du Puiset]], Norman archdeacon
* [[April 23]] &ndash; [[Béla III of Hungary|Béla III]], king of [[Kingdom of Hungary|Hungary]] and [[Croatia in personal union with Hungary|Croatia]] (b. [[1148]])
* [[April 25]] &ndash; [[Alfonso II of Aragon|Alfonso II]] ('''the Chaste'''), king of [[Kingdom of Aragon|Aragon]] (b. [[1157]])
* [[April 30]] &ndash; [[Baldwin II van Holland]], bishop of [[Prince-Bishopric of Utrecht|Utrecht]] 
* [[July 12]] &ndash; [[Maurice II de Craon]], Norman nobleman
* [[August 14]] &ndash; [[Henry IV, Count of Luxembourg|Henry IV]] ('''the Blind'''), count of [[Luxembourg]]
* [[August 15]] &ndash; [[Conrad II, Duke of Swabia|Conrad II]], German nobleman (b. [[1172]])
* [[September 11]] &ndash; [[Maurice de Sully]], bishop of [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Paris|Paris]]
* [[November 30]] &ndash; [[Richard, Count of Acerra|Richard of Acerra]], Norman nobleman
* [[Agnetha Ní Máelshechlainn]], abbess of [[Clonard Monastery|Clonard]]
* [[Canute I of Sweden|Canute I]] ('''Eriksson'''), king of [[Sweden]] (approximate date)
* [[Dulcea of Worms]], German Jewish businesswoman
* [[Ephraim of Bonn]], German [[rabbi]] and writer (b. [[1132]])
* [[Eschiva of Ibelin (died 1196)|Eschiva of Ibelin]], queen consort of [[Kingdom of Cyprus|Cyprus]] (b. [[1160]])
* [[Godfrey of Viterbo]], Italian chronicler (approximate date)
* [[Hugh III of Rodez]], French nobleman ([[Millau|House of Millau]])
* [[Ibn Mada']], Andalusian scholar and [[polymath]] (b. [[1116]])
* [[Isaac Komnenos Vatatzes]], Byzantine aristocrat
* [[Ivan Asen I of Bulgaria|Ivan Asen I]], ruler (''[[tsar]]'') of the [[Second Bulgarian Empire|Bulgarian Empire]]
* [[Jamal al-Din al-Ghaznawi]], Arab jurist and theologian
* [[Roger fitzReinfrid]], English sheriff and [[royal justice]]
* [[Taira no Kagekiyo]], Japanese nobleman and [[samurai]]
* [[Vira Bahu I of Polonnaruwa|Vira Bahu I]], ruler of the [[Kingdom of Polonnaruwa]]
* [[Vsevolod I Svyatoslavich]] ('''the Fierce'''), Kievan prince
* [[Wartislaw Swantibor]] ('''the Younger'''), Polish nobleman
* [[William Fitz Osbert|William FitzOsbert]], English politician and rebel leader
* [[William of Salisbury, 2nd Earl of Salisbury|William of Salisbury]], English nobleman and [[high sheriff]]
* [[Yaish Ibn Yahya|Yaish ibn Yahya]], Portuguese politician and advisor

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

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