Editing 1214

{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2011}}
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[[File:Bataille de Bouvines gagnee par Philippe Auguste.jpg|upright=1.35|thumb|King [[Philip II of France]] (right) accepts the surrender at the [[Battle of Bouvines]]]]
Year '''1214''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MCCXIV]]''') was a [[common year starting on Wednesday]] of the [[Julian calendar]], the 1214th year of the [[Common Era]] (CE) and ''[[Anno Domini]]'' (AD) designations, the 214th year of the [[2nd millennium]], the 14th year of the [[13th century]], and the 5th year of the [[1210s]] decade.

== Events ==
<onlyinclude>

=== By place ===

==== Byzantine Empire ====
* [[November 1]] &ndash; [[Siege of Sinope]]: The [[Seljuk dynasty|Seljuk Turks]] under Sultan [[Kaykaus I]] capture the strategic [[Black Sea]] port city of [[Sinop, Turkey|Sinope]] – at the time held by the [[Empire of Trebizond]] (one of the Byzantine [[Succession of states|successor states]] formed after the [[Fourth Crusade]]). Emperor [[Alexios I of Trebizond]] leads an army to break the siege, but he is defeated and captured. His capture forces the Byzantines to accept [[Tributary state|tributary status]] to Kaykaus.<ref>Treadgold, Warren (1997). ''A History of the Byzantine State and Society'', p. 718. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. {{ISBN|0-804-72630-2}}.</ref>

==== Europe ====
* [[February 15]] &ndash; [[John, King of England]] ("Lackland") lands with an invasion force (accompanied by mercenaries) at [[La Rochelle]]; many barons of [[Kingdom of England|England]] refuse to join him in the campaign. John sends his half-brother [[William Longespée, 3rd Earl of Salisbury|William Longespée]] ("Long Sword") to [[County of Flanders|Flanders]], with money to assemble a mercenary army there. John pushes the French forces northeast from [[Poitou]] towards [[Paris]], while Emperor [[Otto IV, Holy Roman Emperor|Otto IV]] marches southwest from Flanders.<ref name=CBH>{{cite book|last=Palmer|first=Alan|last2=Palmer |first2=Veronica|year=1992|title=The Chronology of British History|publisher=Century Ltd|location=London|pages=77–79|isbn=0-7126-5616-2}}</ref> King [[Philip II of France]] (Augustus) decides to defend his territories by leaving a third of his army under his son, Prince [[Louis VIII of France|Louis]] to confront John in the [[Loire Valley]] – while Philip heads for Flanders to raid the region. On [[July 2]], John's forces are confronted by a French relief force while they besiege the castle of [[Siege of Roche-au-Moine|Roche-au-Moine]]. John retreats to La Rochelle, but his rearguard suffers immensely by the French army.<ref>Oman, Charles (2012). ''A History of the Art of War: The Middle Ages from the Fourth to the Fourteenth Century'', p. 539. {{ISBN|978-1-62358-003-2}}.</ref>
* [[June]] &ndash; Otto IV arrives in Flanders with a small army; four German nobles have joined him, but he is soon reinforced by troops of [[Renaud I, Count of Dammartin|Renaud I]], duke of [[County of Boulogne|Boulogne]], [[Ferdinand, Count of Flanders|Ferdinand]], (''[[jure uxoris]]'') count of [[County of Flanders|Flanders]] and the mercenaries under William Longespée. On July 26, Philip II arrives at the Flemish town of [[Tournai]] with his army (some 7,000 men), while the allied forces encamp 12 kilometers south at the Castle of [[Mortagne-du-Nord|Mortagne]] ([[Kingdom of France|France]]).
* [[July 2]] &ndash; The [[Papal Interdict of 1208]], laid against the [[Kingdom of England]], is lifted.
* [[July 27]] &ndash; [[Battle of Bouvines]]: Philip II defeats an army (some 9,000 men) of German, English and Flemish soldiers led by Otto IV near [[Bouvines]], ending the [[Anglo-French War (1213–14)|Anglo-French War]]. The French forces have taken a considerable number of soldiers prisoner, including 131 knights and five counts with Ferdinand, Renaud I and William Longespée among them.<ref name=CBH/>
* [[September 18]] &ndash; [[Truce of Chinon|Treaty of Chinon]]: John of England makes a truce with Philip II at the [[Château de Chinon|Castle of Chinon]], and recognizes the [[House of Capet|Capetian]] (French) territorial gains at the expense of the [[Angevin Empire]].<ref name=CBH/>
* [[October 5]] &ndash; Upon the death of their father, King [[Alfonso VIII of Castile]] ("the Noble"), and of their mother, [[Eleanor of England, Queen of Castile]] on [[October 31]], [[Berenguela of Castile|Berenguela]] becomes [[regent]] of her 10-year-old brother, [[Henry I of Castile|Henry I]].<ref name=linehan1999>{{cite book|author1-link=Peter Linehan|editor1-link=David Abulafia|title=The New Cambridge Medieval History c.1198-c.1300|year=1999|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge|isbn=0-521-36289-X|pages=668–671|first=Peter|last=Linehan|editor=David Abulafia|chapter=Chapter 21: Castile, Portugal and Navarre}}</ref>
* [[November 20]] &ndash; A group of English nobles, after finding a copy of the [[Charter of Liberties]], swear an oath at the altar of [[Bury St Edmunds]], to force King John to acknowledge their rights.
* [[December 4]] &ndash; King [[William the Lion]] of [[Kingdom of Scotland|Scotland]] dies after a 49-year reign at [[Stirling]]. He is succeeded by his son, [[Alexander II of Scotland|Alexander II]], who is crowned at [[Scone, Scotland|Scone]] (until [[1249]]).

==== Asia ====
* Spring &ndash; Emperor [[Emperor Xuanzong of Jin|Xuan Zong]] of the [[Jurchen people|Jurchen]]-led Chinese [[Jin dynasty (1115–1234)|Jin dynasty]] surrenders to the Mongols under [[Genghis khan]] – who have besieged the capital of [[Zhongdu]] (modern-day [[Beijing]]) for a year. He is forced to pay [[tribute]] (including some 3,000 horses, 10,000 'bolts' of silk and his daughter), along with subjugation to the Mongol Khan. Xuan Zong abandons northern China and moves his court to [[Kaifeng]].<ref>Man, John (2011). ''Genghis Khan: Life, Death and Resurrection'', pp. 169–170. {{ISBN|978-0-553-81498-9}}.</ref>
* After securing all Jin lands north of the [[Yellow River]], Genghis Khan receives a message that Xuan Zong has moved his capital to Kaifeng. He returns to Zhongdu and precedes the city with the help of thousands of Chinese engineers. The Mongols starve the city out (the inhabitants are forced to eat the dead). The garrison, with a short supply of ammunition for the cannons holds out for the winter.<ref>Man, John (2011). ''Genghis Khan: Life, Death and Resurrection'', p. 171. {{ISBN|978-0-553-81498-9}}.</ref>
* In his campaigns in [[Liaodong Peninsula|Liaodong]], the Mongol general [[Muqali]] (or Mukhali) forms a newly [[Khitan people|Khitan]]-Chinese army and a special corps of some 12,000 Chinese auxiliary troops.

=== By topic ===

==== Education ====
* [[June 20]] &ndash; A papal ordinance defines the rights of the scholars at the [[University of Oxford]] in [[Kingdom of England|England]].<ref name=CBH/>

==== Religion ====
* [[April 13]] &ndash; [[Simon of Apulia]] is elected bishop of [[Diocese of Exeter|Exeter]] in England (approximate date).</onlyinclude>

== Births ==
* [[April 25]] &ndash; [[Louis IX of France|Louis IX]] ("the Saint"), king of [[France in the Middle Ages|France]] (d. [[1270]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Consoli |first1=Joseph P. |title=The Novellino or One Hundred Ancient Tales: An Edition and Translation based on the 1525 Gualteruzzi editio princeps |date=2013 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-136-51105-9 |page=158 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4_lk-wKzYZAC&pg=PA158 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[July 29]] &ndash; [[Sturla Þórðarson]], Icelandic chieftain (d. [[1284]])
* [[Alberto da Bergamo]], Italian [[Third Order of Saint Dominic|Dominican tertiary]]  (d. [[1279]])
* [[Al-Qurtubi]], Moorish scholar, [[jurist]] and writer (d. [[1273]])
* [[Isabella of England]], Holy Roman Empress (d. [[1241]])
* [[Ottaviano degli Ubaldini]], Italian cardinal (d. 1273)
* [[Ugolino della Gherardesca]], Italian nobleman (approximate date) (d. [[1289]])

== Deaths ==
* [[January 25]] &ndash; [[Taira no Tokuko]], Japanese empress (b. [[1155]])
* [[February 13]] &ndash; [[Theobald I, Count of Bar]] (or Thibauld), French [[Nobility|nobleman]]
* April 16 or 26 &ndash; [[Henry VI, Count Palatine of the Rhine]] ("the Younger"), German nobleman (b. [[1196]])
* [[April 21]] &ndash; [[John of Ford]], English [[Cistercians|Cistercian]] prior and [[abbot]]
* [[June 24]] &ndash; [[Gilbert Glanvill]] (or Glanville), bishop of [[Diocese of Rochester|Rochester]]
* [[July 27]] &ndash; [[Stephen Longchamp]], Norman nobleman and knight
* [[August 18]] &ndash; [[Pedro Fernández de Castro (died 1214)|Pedro Fernández de Castro]], Spanish nobleman
* [[August 30]] &ndash; [[Peter of Capua the Elder]], Italian cardinal and [[papal legate]]
* [[September 14]] &ndash; [[Albert of Vercelli]], Latin patriarch of [[Kingdom of Jerusalem|Jerusalem]] 
* [[September 16]] &ndash; [[Diego López II de Haro]], Spanish nobleman (b. [[1152]])
* [[October 5]] &ndash; [[Alfonso VIII of Castile|Alfonso VIII]] ("the Noble"), king of [[Kingdom of Castile|Castile]] (b. [[1155]])
* [[October 18]] &ndash; [[John de Gray]] (or de Grey), bishop of [[Diocese of Norwich|Norwich]]
* [[October 31]] &ndash; [[Eleanor of England, Queen of Castile|Eleanor of England]], queen of Castile (b. [[1161]])
* [[December 4]] &ndash; [[William the Lion]], king of [[Kingdom of Scotland|Scotland]] (b. [[1142]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Peberdy |first1=Robert |last2=Waller |first2=Philip |title=A Dictionary of British and Irish History |date=23 November 2020 |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |isbn=978-0-631-20155-7 |page=673 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rKwEEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA673 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[December 8]] &ndash; [[Sasaki Takatsuna]], Japanese [[samurai]] (b. [[1160]])
* [[Ala al-Din Atsiz]], ruler of the [[Ghurid dynasty|Ghurid Sultanate]] (b. [[1159]])
* [[Aubrey de Vere, 2nd Earl of Oxford|Aubrey de Vere]], English nobleman and knight (b. [[1163]])
* [[Filocalo Navigajoso]], Latin ruler (''[[megadux]]'') of [[Lemnos]]
* [[Neophytos of Cyprus]], Cypriot priest and [[hermit]] (b. [[1134]])
* [[Robert fitzRoger]], English [[Sheriff of Norfolk and Suffolk]]
* [[William I of Cagliari]], ruler (''[[Judge of Cagliari|judge]]'') of [[Kingdom of Sardinia|Sardinia]] (b. 1160)

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

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