Editing 1229

{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2011}}
{{About year|1229}}
{{Year nav|1229}}
{{C13 year in topic}} 
[[File:Map Crusader states 1240-eng.png|upright=1.35|thumb|The [[Crusader states|Crusader States]] (around 1229)]]
Year '''1229''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MCCXXIX]]''') was a [[common year starting on Monday]] of the [[Julian calendar]].

== Events ==
<onlyinclude>

=== By place ===

==== Sixth Crusade ====
* [[February 18]] &ndash; [[Treaty of Jaffa (1229)|Treaty of Jaffa]]: Emperor [[Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor|Frederick II]] signs a 10-year truce together with Sultan [[Al-Kamil]] and his representatives; he manages to regain many parts of the [[Holy Land]] through political negotiation, rather than by resorting to military force or directly confronting the Muslim army. Frederick's achievements, including the control of [[Jerusalem]] (without the [[Temple Mount]]) and [[Bethlehem]], with a corridor running through [[Lod|Lydda]] to the sea of [[Jaffa]], as well as [[Nazareth]] and western [[Galilee]], including [[Montfort Castle]] and  [[Toron]], and the remaining Muslim districts around [[Sidon]]. All Muslims are to be allowed the right of entry in Jerusalem and freedom of worship.<ref>[[Steven Runciman]] (1952). ''A History of The Crusades. Vol III: The Kingdom of Acre'', p. 157. {{ISBN|978-0-241-29877-0}}.</ref>
* [[March 17]] &ndash; Frederick II enters Jerusalem, escorted by German and Italian troops. Of the Military Orders only the [[Teutonic Order|Teutonic Knights]] are represented and some clergy. He receives the formal surrender of the city by Al-Kamil's governor (or ''[[Qadi]]''), who hands him the keys of Jerusalem. The procession then passes through streets to the old building of the Hospital (or the [[Muristan]]), where Frederick takes up his residence in the [[Christian Quarter]].<ref>Steven Runciman (1952). ''A History of The Crusades. Vol III: The Kingdom of Acre'', p. 158. {{ISBN|978-0-241-29877-0}}.</ref>
* [[March 18]] &ndash; Frederick II crowns himself as [[King of Jerusalem]] in an impromptu ceremony in the [[Church of the Holy Sepulchre]]. After the ceremony, he proceeds to the palace of the [[Knights Hospitaller|Hospitallers]] – where he holds a council to discuss the defense of Jerusalem. Frederick orders the [[Tower of David]] and the [[Lions' Gate|Gate of St. Stephen]] are to be repaired at once and he hands over the royal residence attached to the Tower of David to the Teutonic Order.<ref>Steven Runciman (1952). ''A History of The Crusades. Vol III: The Kingdom of Acre'', pp. 158–159. {{ISBN|978-0-241-29877-0}}.</ref>
* [[May 1]] &ndash; Frederick II departs from [[Acre, Israel|Acre]], while he and his suite pass down the "Street of the Butchers" to the harbour, the people crowd out of the doors, and pelts him with entrails and dung. Meanwhile, [[Odo of Montbéliard]] (or '''Eudes'''), commander of the Crusader army, and [[John of Ibelin, the Old Lord of Beirut|John of Ibelin]], lord of [[Beirut]], are left behind to quell the unrest in [[Palestine (region)|Palestine]].<ref name="runciman-p161">Steven Runciman (1952). ''A History of The Crusades. Vol III: The Kingdom of Acre'', p. 161. {{ISBN|978-0-241-29877-0}}.</ref>
* May &ndash; Frederick II arrives at [[Kingdom of Cyprus|Cyprus]], where he attends the wedding proxy of the 12-year-old King [[Henry I of Cyprus|Henry I]] ('''the Fat''') to [[Alice of Montferrat]] – whose father is one of his staunch supporters in [[Kingdom of Italy (Holy Roman Empire)|Italy]]. On [[June 10]], Frederick lands at [[Brindisi]], where the papal army under his father-in-law [[John of Brienne]] has invaded the Italian territories in [[Campania]] (→ [[War of the Keys]]).<ref name="runciman-p161"/>
* Autumn &ndash; Frederick II recovers the lost Italian territories and tries to condemn the leading rebel barons, but avoids crossing the frontiers of the [[Papal States]]. Meanwhile, a first serious raid on Jerusalem is made by a mass of unorganized [[Beduin]]s and plunderers of pilgrims. An advance guard encouraged the Christians to expel the Muslims.<ref>Hardwicke, Mary Nickerson (1969). ''The Crusader States, 1192–1243'', p. 546. A History of the Crusades (Setton), Volume II.</ref>

==== Europe ====
* [[January 23]] &ndash; The episcopal seat is moved from [[Nousiainen]] to [[Koroinen]] (located near the current centre of [[Turku]]) by the permission of [[Pope Gregory IX]]. The date is starting to be considered as the founding of Turku.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://yle.fi/a/3-10607853|title=Suomen vanhin kaupunki täyttää 790 vuotta ja valkoinen risti seisoo Turun syntymämerkkinä Koroisilla – katso video|first=Minna|last=Rosvall|work=[[Yle]]|date=23 January 2019|access-date=17 August 2024|language=fi}}</ref>
* [[March 6]] &ndash; [[1229 University of Paris strike|University of Paris strike]]: Students begin to riot, after a dispute over a bill with a tavern proprietor. Queen [[Blanche of Castile]] demands retribution, and allows the city guard to punish the student rioters. She puts an economic strain upon the student quarter of [[Paris]] (the [[Latin Quarter, Paris|Latin Quarter]]), where [[Latin]] is commonly heard in the streets. 
* [[April 12]] &ndash; [[Treaty of Paris (1229)|Treaty of Paris]]: Count [[Raymond VII, Count of Toulouse|Raymond VII]] is forced to sign a peace treaty (also known as the "Treaty of Meaux"). This brings the [[Albigensian Crusade]] to an end. Raymond regains his feudal rights but has to swear his allegiance to King [[Louis IX of France|Louis IX]] ('''the Saint'''). The fortifications, such as these of [[Avignon]] and [[Toulouse]], are dismantled.<ref>Lock, Peter (2006). ''The Routledge Companion to the Crusades'', p. 165. New York, NY: Routledge. {{ISBN|0-415-24732-2}}.</ref>
* [[September 5]] &ndash; A [[Crown of Aragon|Catalan-Aragonese]] expeditionary army under King [[James I of Aragon|James I]] ('''the Conqueror''') embarks with 155 ships, 1,500 knights and 15,000 men from [[Tarragona]], [[Salou]], and [[Cambrils]], in southern [[Catalonia]]. He sets sail to [[Conquest of Majorca|conquer Majorca]]. On [[December 31]], James finally conquers the island from the Almohad ruler, [[Abu Yahya Muhammad ibn Ali ibn Abi Imran al-Tinmalali|Abu Yahya]]. 
* [[November 28]] &ndash; [[Battle of Olustra]]: [[Eric XI of Sweden|Eric XI]] ('''the Lisp and Lame''') is defeated and deposed as king of [[Sweden]] by [[Canute II of Sweden|Canute II]] ('''the Tall'''), who proclaims himself the new ruler.

==== England ====
* [[October 13]] &ndash; King [[Henry III of England|Henry III]] calls for an army to be assembled at [[Portsmouth]] to be transported to [[Duchy of Normandy|Normandy]] to regain lost territories from the French. A large army of knights turns up ready to go but not enough ships have been provided. Henry blames [[Hubert de Burgh]] for the fiasco and in his rage will have killed him if [[Ranulf le Meschin, 3rd Earl of Chester|Ranulf of Chester]] has not intervened. This marks the beginning of the rift between Henry and Hubert de Burgh. Meanwhile, the expedition is postponed until mid-[[1230]].

==== Levant ====
* June &ndash; Emir [[Al-Ashraf Musa, Emir of Damascus|Al-Ashraf Musa]] [[Siege of Damascus (1229)|captures]] [[Damascus]] and acknowledges the supremacy of his elder brother Al-Kamil. His other brother, [[An-Nasir Dawud]], is compensated with the lordship of [[Al-Karak]] in the [[Transjordan (region)|Transjordan]] region.<ref>Hywel Williams (2005). ''Cassell's Chronology of World History'', p. 137. {{ISBN|0-304-35730-8}}.</ref>

==== Africa ====
* [[Abu Zakariya Yahya]] expands his influence by conquering the cities of [[Constantine, Algeria|Constantine]] and [[Béjaïa]] (modern [[Algeria]]). He becomes the founder and first ruler of the [[Hafsid dynasty|Hafsid Dynasty]] in [[Ifriqiya]].

==== Asia ====
* [[September 13]] &ndash; [[Ögedei Khan]], the third son of [[Genghis Khan]] is proclaimed "Great Khan" of the [[Mongol Empire]], at a [[Kurultai]] council.

=== By topic ===

==== Religion ====
* [[Council of Toulouse]]: The [[Catholic Church]] permanently establishes the [[Inquisition]], in the charge of the [[Dominican Order]] in [[Rome]].<ref>''[[Catholic Encyclopedia]]''.</ref>
* The [[University of Toulouse]] is founded in [[Kingdom of France|France]]. Raymond VII is forced to finance the teaching of [[theology]].
</onlyinclude>

== Births ==
* [[April 13]] &ndash; [[Louis II, Duke of Bavaria|Louis II]] ('''the Strict'''), German [[Nobility|nobleman]] (d. [[1294]])
* [[Al-Ashraf Musa, Emir of Homs|Al-Ashraf Musa]], Ayyubid prince (''[[emir]]'') and ruler (d. [[1263]])
* [[Beatrice of Provence]], queen consort of [[Kingdom of Sicily|Sicily]] (d. [[1267]])
* [[Kujō Tadaie]], Japanese nobleman and [[regent]] (d. [[1275]])
* [[Oberto Doria|Oberto D'Oria]], Italian nobleman and admiral (d. [[1306]])

== Deaths ==
* [[January 17]] &ndash; [[Albert of Riga|Albert of Buxhoeven]], bishop of [[Archbishopric of Riga|Riga]] (b. [[1165]])
* [[February 8]] &ndash; [[Ali ibn Hanzala]], Arab [[imam]] and theologian<ref>{{EI3 | last = Poonawala | first = Ismail K. | title = ʿAlī b. Ḥanẓala b. Abī Sālim | year = 2008 | doi = 10.1163/1573-3912_ei3_SIM_0322}}</ref>
* [[February 14]] &ndash; [[Rǫgnvaldr Guðrøðarson]], ruler of the [[Kingdom of the Isles|Isles]]
* [[March 13]] &ndash; [[Blanche of Navarre, Countess of Champagne|Blanche of Navarre]], countess and regent of [[County of Champagne|Champagne]]<ref>''Historical Aspects of the Reconstruction of Reims Cathedral, 1210-124'', Robert Branner, '''Speculum''', Vol. 36, No. 1 (Jan., 1961), 33.</ref> 
* [[June 24]] &ndash; [[Walter III of Caesarea|Walter III]] (or '''de Brisebarre'''), lord of [[Caesarea Maritima|Caesarea]]
* [[August 21]] &ndash; [[Iwo Odrowąż]], Polish bishop and statesman
* September &ndash; [[Guillem II de Montcada]], Spanish nobleman and knight<ref>{{Cite web |publisher=The Library of Iberian Resources Online |title= A Medieval Catalan Noble Family: the Montcadas, 1000-1230 |author= John C. Shideler |url=http://libro.uca.edu/montcada/mcnf6.htm |accessdate=6 January 2013}}</ref>
* [[October 10]] &ndash; [[Henry de Beaumont, 5th Earl of Warwick|Henry de Beaumont]], English nobleman 
* [[October 22]] &ndash; [[Gerard III, Count of Guelders|Gerard III]], Dutch nobleman and knight 
* [[October 26]] &ndash; [[Fulk of Pavia]], Italian [[prelate]] and bishop 
* [[November 14]] &ndash; [[Martin of Pattishall]], English chief justice
* [[December 25]] &ndash; [[Herman II, Lord of Lippe|Herman II of Lippe]], German nobleman and knight (b. [[1175]])
* ''unknown date'' &ndash; [[Yaqut al-Hamawi]], Arab geographer and writer (b. [[1179]])<ref>{{EB1911|inline=1 |wstitle=Yāqūt |volume=28 |page=904}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

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