Editing 1243

{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2011}}
{{About year|1243}}
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[[File:Pope Innocent IV.jpg|upright=1.35|thumb|[[Pope Innocent IV]] (r. 1243–1254)]]
[[Year]] '''1243''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MCCXLIII]]''') was a [[common year starting on Thursday]] of the [[Julian calendar]].

== Events ==
<onlyinclude>

=== By place ===

==== Europe ====
* [[March]] &ndash; King [[Ferdinand III of Castile|Ferdinand III]] ('''the Saint''') turns the independent [[Taifa of Murcia]] into a protectorate, and initiates the process of the colonization and [[Christianization]] of the region. He receives the submission of the [[Moors]], under the terms of a peace agreement (the famous [[Treaty of Alcaraz]]).
* [[April 27]] &ndash; [[Treaty of Bordeaux (1243)|Treaty of Bordeaux]]: King [[Louis IX of France|Louis IX]] ('''the Saint''') and King [[Henry III of England|Henry III]] agree to a truce that ends the [[Saintonge War]]. The truce does not stop the on-going clashes (and further tensions) between [[France in the Middle Ages|France]] and [[Kingdom of England|England]].<ref>Hywel Williams (2005). ''Cassell's Chronology of World History'', p. 140. {{ISBN|0-304-35730-8}}.</ref>
* [[Siege of Viterbo]]: Emperor [[Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor|Frederick II]] besieges [[Viterbo]] on request of the rebel citizens. The defenders are able to set fire to the [[siege tower]]s and after signing a peace treaty, Frederick is persuaded to withdraw his army.<ref>Dennis Showalter (2013). ''The Encyclopedia of Warfare: Medieval Wars 500–1500'', p. 77. {{ISBN|978-1-78274-119-0}}.</ref>
* [[Siege of Montségur]]: French forces (some 10,000 men) begin the siege of [[Château de Montségur]] to raze the stronghold held by the rebellious [[Catharism|Cathars]]. The castle is defended by some 100 troops and 500 refugees.<ref>Claude Lebédel (2011). ''Understanding the tragedy of the Cathars'', p. 109. Editions Quest-France. {{ISBN|978-2-7373-5267-6}}.</ref>
* [[May 1]] &ndash; The [[Kingdom of Castile|Castillan]] troops are garrisoned in [[Murcia]], to support the [[Banu Hud|Hudid Dynasty]].<ref name="negotiating88a">{{cite book|last=de Epalza|first=Miguel|title=Negotiating cultures: bilingual surrender treaties in Muslim-Crusader Spain under James the Conqueror|year=1999|publisher=Brill|isbn=90-04-11244-8|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IjFacnscoBIC&q=Treaty+of+Alcaraz+1243|page=88}}</ref>

==== England ====
* Spring &ndash; Henry III bestows the custody of [[Kenilworth Castle]] to [[Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester|Simon de Montfort]]. Simon's wife [[Eleanor of England, Countess of Leicester|Eleanor]], Henry's sister, already owned [[Odiham Castle]] (or '''King John's Castle''') so Simon has two of the strongest fortresses in England under his control.

==== Levant ====
* [[June 12]] &ndash; A Crusader force under [[Balian of Beirut|Balian III]], lord of [[Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem#Lordship of Beirut|Beirut]], captures [[Tyre, Lebanon|Tyre]] after a long siege. The barons seize the citadel on [[July 10]], with the help of [[Alice of Champagne|Alice]], queen of [[Kingdom of Cyprus|Cyprus]], whose forces arrive on [[June 15]]. This ending the [[War of the Lombards]].<ref>Steven Runciman (1952). ''A History of The Crusades. Vol III: The Kingdom of Acre'', p. 185. {{ISBN|978-0-241-29877-0}}.</ref>

==== Mongol Empire ====
* [[June 26]] &ndash; [[Battle of Köse Dağ]]: The Mongols under [[Baiju Noyan]] defeat the [[Seljuk Turks]] of the [[Sultanate of Rum]] and their Byzantine allies. The Seljuks and the [[Empire of Trebizond]] become vassals of the Mongols.

=== By topic ===

==== Religion ====
* [[June 25]] &ndash; Pope [[Pope Innocent IV|Innocent IV]] succeeds [[Pope Celestine IV|Celestine IV]] as the 180th pope of the [[Catholic Church]], after a ''[[sede vacante]]'' of 7 months.
</onlyinclude>

== Births ==
* [[May 31]] &ndash; [[James II of Majorca|James II]], Aragonese ruler of [[Kingdom of Majorca|Majorca]] (d. [[1311]])
* [[June 6]] &ndash; [[Alix of Brittany, Dame de Pontarcy|Alix of Brittany]], Breton noblewoman (d. [[1288]])
* [[June 28]] &ndash; [[Emperor Go-Fukakusa|Go-Fukakusa]], emperor of [[Japan]] (d. [[1304]])
* [[September 2]] 
** [[Gilbert de Clare, 7th Earl of Gloucester|Gilbert de Clare]], English [[Nobility|nobleman]] (d. [[1295]])
** [[Walter Langton]], bishop of [[Diocese of Lichfield|Coventry]] (d. [[1321]])
* [[Alfonso Fernández el Niño]], Spanish nobleman (d. [[1281]])
* [[An Hyang]] (or '''Ahn Yu'''), Korean [[Korean Confucianism|Confucian]] scholar (d. [[1306]])
* [[Augustinus Triumphus]], Italian [[hermit]] and writer (d. [[1328]])
* [[Nichiken|Awaji Nichiken]], Japanese [[Buddhism in Japan|Buddhist]] monk (d. [[1338]])
* [[Giles of Rome]], Italian friar and archbishop (d. [[1316]])
* [[John I, Count of Auxerre|John I of Chalon-Auxerre]], French nobleman (d. [[1309]])
* [[Riccoldo da Monte di Croce]], Italian missionary (d. [[1320]])
* [[Roger-Bernard III, Count of Foix|Roger Bernard III]], French nobleman and poet (d. [[1302]])
* [[Zhenjin]] (or '''Chingkim'''), Mongolian prince (d. [[1286]])

== Deaths ==
* [[January 17]] &ndash; [[Herman V, Margrave of Baden-Baden|Herman V]], German nobleman (b. [[1180]])
* [[January 19]] &ndash; [[Konoe Iezane]], Japanese nobleman (b. [[1179]])
* [[February 20]] &ndash; [[Romano Bonaventura]], Italian cardinal
* [[March 10]] &ndash; [[Pope Cyril III of Alexandria|Cyril III]], patriarch of [[Alexandria]] (b. [[1175]])
* [[April 25]] &ndash; [[Boniface of Valperga]], Italian monk and bishop
* [[May 3]] &ndash; [[Hawise of Chester, 1st Countess of Lincoln|Hawise of Chester]], English noblewoman (b. 1180)
* [[May 4]] &ndash; [[Hubert de Burgh, 1st Earl of Kent|Hubert de Burgh]], English [[Justiciar|Chief Justiciar]] (b. [[1170]])
* [[May 7]] &ndash; [[Hugh d'Aubigny, 5th Earl of Arundel|Hugh d'Aubigny]], English nobleman and knight
* [[June 4]] &ndash; [[Constance of Austria, Margravine of Meissen|Constance]], margravine of [[Margravate of Meissen|Meissen]] (b. [[1212]])
* [[June 26]] &ndash; [[Dardin Shervashidze]], Georgian nobleman
* [[August 16]] &ndash; [[Stepan Tverdislavich]], Russian [[posadnik]]
* [[October 15]] &ndash; [[Hedwig of Silesia]], Polish duchess (b. [[1174]])
* [[October 26]] &ndash; [[Bernat Calbó]] (or '''Calvó'''), Catalan bishop
* [[Ermengol IX, Count of Urgell|Ermengol IX]], Catalan nobleman and child ruler (b. [[1235]])
* [[Fujiwara no Reishi]], Japanese empress consort (b. [[1185]])
* [[Haymo of Faversham]], English priest and philosopher
* [[Indravarman II]], Cambodian ruler of the [[Khmer Empire]]
* [[Maol Eoin Ó Crechain]], Irish priest and archdeacon
* [[Margaret of Burgundy, Countess of Savoy|Margaret of Burgundy]], countess of [[Savoy]] (b. [[1192]])
* [[Umm Assa'd bint Isam al-Himyari]], Arab female poet

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

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[[Category:1243|1243]]