Editing 1246

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{{About year|1246}}
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[[File:Alhamar, rey de Granada, rinde vasallaje al rey de Castilla, Fernando III el Santo (Museo del Prado).jpg|upright=1.35|thumb|Sultan [[Muhammad I of Granada|Muhammad I]] (right) submits to King [[Ferdinand III of Castile|Ferdinand III]] ('''the Saint''') (1883)]]
Year '''1246''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MCCXLVI]]''') was a [[common year starting on Monday]] of the [[Julian calendar]].

== Events ==
<onlyinclude>

=== By place ===

==== Europe ====
* [[February 28]] &ndash; [[Siege of Jaén (1245–1246)|Siege of Jaén]]: Castilian forces, led by King [[Ferdinand III of Castile|Ferdinand III]] ('''the Saint'''), manage to take the city of [[Jaén, Spain|Jaén]] from the [[Al-Andalus|Andalucians]]. In a combined assault with the knights of the [[Order of Santiago]], the city is handed over by Sultan [[Muhammad I of Granada|Muhammad I]], who accepts Ferdinand's overlordship in exchange for a 20-year truce. The [[Emirate of Granada]] becomes a [[vassal state]] of the [[Kingdom of Castile]].<ref name=linehan1999b>{{cite book|title=The New Cambridge Medieval History c.1198-c.1300|year=1999|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge|isbn=0-521-36289-X|pages=668–699 [670]|first=Peter|last=Linehan|editor=Abulafia, David|editor-link=David Abulafia|author1-link=Peter Linehan|chapter=Chapter 21: Castile, Portugal and Navarre}}</ref>
* [[May 22]] &ndash; [[Henry Raspe]] is elected [[anti-king]] in Germany in opposition to [[Conrad IV of Germany]] and Conrad's father, the excommunicated emperor [[Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor|Frederick II]].
* [[June 15]] &ndash; [[Battle of the Leitha River]]: Hungarian forces, under King [[Béla IV of Hungary|Béla IV]], defeat Duke [[Frederick II, Duke of Austria|Frederick II]] ('''the Quarrelsome''') at the banks of the [[Leitha|Leitha River]]. Frederick is killed (leaving no male heirs); the [[Babenberg|House of Babenberg]] is dissolved. Emperor [[Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor|Frederick II]] places the fiefs of [[Duchy of Austria|Austria]] and [[Duchy of Styria|Styria]] under his rule. This ends the Austrian claims to the western [[Counties of Hungary (1000–1920)|counties]] of [[Kingdom of Hungary (1000–1301)|Hungary]].<ref>Žemlička, Josef (2011). "The Realm of Přemysl Ottokar II and Wenceslas II", p. 107. In Pánek, Jaroslav; Tůma, Oldřich (eds.). ''A History of the Czech Lands'', pp. 106–116. Charles University in Prague. {{ISBN|978-80-246-1645-2}}.</ref>
* [[November]] &ndash; [[Michael II Asen]], ruler (''[[tsar]]'') of the [[Second Bulgarian Empire|Bulgarian Empire]], succeeds his brother [[Kaliman I of Bulgaria|Kaliman I]] (possibly poisoned). He confirms the reconquest of Bulgarian territories against [[John III Doukas Vatatzes|John III]] ('''Doukas Vatatzes'''), Byzantine ruler of the [[Empire of Nicaea]].<ref>Hywel Williams (2005). ''Cassell's Chronology of World History'', p. 141. {{ISBN|0-304-35730-8}}.</ref>
* Frederick II suppresses a Sicilian revolt and deports the remaining Muslim inhabitants of [[Lucera]] (approximate date).

==== Mongol Empire ====
* [[August 24]] &ndash; [[Güyük Khan]], eldest son of [[Ögedei Khan]], is enthroned as the 3rd [[Great Khan]] of the [[Mongol Empire]] (which is witnessed by a papal mission under [[Giovanni da Pian del Carpine]]) at [[Karakorum (Mongolia)|Karakorum]]. Güyük reverses several edicts of his mother, [[Töregene Khatun]], and orders [[Eljigidei]], Mongol viceroy of [[Iran|Persia]], to advance into [[Syria]] and prepare an attack on [[Baghdad]].<ref name="Daftary1992p418">{{cite book |last1=Daftary |first1=Farhad |title=The Isma'ilis: Their History and Doctrines |date=1992 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-42974-0 |pages=418–420 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kQGlyZAy134C&pg=PA418 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[September 30]] &ndash; [[Yaroslav II of Vladimir|Yaroslav II]], father of [[Alexander Nevsky]], is poisoned by Töregene Khatun, after he is summoned by Güyük Khan in Karakorum.

==== Levant ====
* [[Alice of Champagne]], queen and [[regent]] of [[Kingdom of Jerusalem|Jerusalem]], dies after a 3-year reign. She is succeeded by her son, [[Henry I of Cyprus]] ('''the Fat'''), who appoints [[Balian, Lord of Beirut|Balian III of Beirut]] as his ''[[Bailiff (France)|bailli]]'' and confirms [[Philip of Montfort, Lord of Tyre|Philip of Montfort]] in the possession of [[Tyre, Lebanon|Tyre]].<ref>Steven Runciman (1952). ''A History of The Crusades. Vol III: The Kingdom of Acre'', p. 192. {{ISBN|978-0241-29877-0}}.</ref>
* 2 October – [[Damascus]] falls to the [[Ayyubid]] vizier [[Mu'in al-Din Hasan ibn al-Shaykh]] after a siege of some four months.

==== Asia ====
* [[February 16]] &ndash; [[Emperor Go-Saga]] abdicates the throne in favor of his 3-year-old son, [[Emperor Go-Fukakusa|Go-Fukakusa]], who becomes the 89th [[Emperor of Japan]]. 

=== By topic ===

==== Arts ====
* [[Robert Grosseteste]] translates [[Aristotle]]'s ''[[Nicomachean Ethics]]'' from Greek into Latin, which marks the true start of the rediscovery of the philosopher by [[Middle Ages|Medieval Europe]].<ref>{{cite journal|last=Munro|first=John H.|title=The Medieval Origins of the Financial Revolution|journal=The International History Review|year=2003|volume=15|issue=3|pages=506–562}}</ref>

==== Nature ====
* The [[perihelion]] of the Earth's orbit coincides with the [[December solstice]].

==== Religion ====
* [[Beaulieu Abbey]] in England, founded earlier by King [[John, King of England|John]], is dedicated in the presence of King [[Henry III of England|Henry III]], Queen [[Eleanor of Provence|Eleanor]] and 7-year-old Prince [[Edward I of England|Edward]].
* [[Katedralskolan, Uppsala|Katedralskolan]] in [[Uppsala]] is established beside [[Uppsala Cathedral]] as a seminary for the clergy (the founding year according to tradition).
* </onlyinclude>

== Births ==
* [[March 8]] &ndash; [[Nikkō Shōnin]], Japanese religious leader (d. [[1333]])
* [[March 24]] &ndash; [[Henry Bate of Mechelen]], Brabantian philosopher
* [[September 14]] &ndash; [[John Fitzalan (1246–1272)|John FitzAlan]], English  [[Nobility|nobleman]] (d. [[1272]])
* [[Angelo da Furci]], Italian priest, orator and theologian (d. [[1327]])
* [[Drakpa Odzer]], Tibetan [[Imperial Preceptor]] ('''Dishi''') (d. [[1303]])
* [[Enrique Enríquez the Elder|Enrique Enríquez]] ('''the Elder'''), Castilian nobleman (d. [[1323]])
* [[Little Saint Hugh of Lincoln|Hugh of Lincoln]] ('''Little Saint'''), English Jewish boy (d. [[1255]])
* [[Jutta of Denmark]] (or '''Judith'''), Danish princess and [[abbess]]
* [[Konoe Motohira]], Japanese nobleman and [[regent]] (d. [[1268]])
* [[Nicholas of Tolentino]], Italian monk, friar and mystic (d. [[1305]])
* [[Paolo Malatesta]], Italian nobleman and diplomat (d. [[1285]])
* [[Riccobaldo of Ferrara]], Italian chronicler and geographer
* [[Safi al-Din al-Hindi]], Indian scholar and theologian (d. [[1315]])
* [[Takezaki Suenaga]], Japanese retainer and [[samurai]] (d. [[1314]])
* [[Teodosije the Hilandarian]], Serbian hagiographer (d. [[1328]])

== Deaths ==
* [[February 25]] &ndash; [[Dafydd ap Llywelyn]], Welsh prince (b. [[1212]])
* [[April 15]] &ndash; [[Peter González]] ('''Telmo'''), Castilian priest (b [[1190]])
* [[May 19]] &ndash; [[Umiliana de' Cerchi]], Italian noblewoman (b. [[1219]])
* [[June 4]] &ndash; [[Isabella of Angoulême]], queen consort of [[Kingdom of England|England]]
* [[June 15]] &ndash; [[Frederick II, Duke of Austria|Frederick II]], duke of [[Duchy of Austria|Austria]] and [[Duchy of Styria|Styria]] (b. [[1211]])
* [[June 16]] &ndash; [[Lutgardis]] (or '''Lutgarde'''), Flemish nun (b. [[1182]])
* [[June 28]] &ndash; [[Al-Mansur Ibrahim]], Ayyubid governor and ruler
* [[September 20]] &ndash; [[Michael of Chernigov]], Kievan Grand Prince
* [[September 30]] &ndash; [[Yaroslav II of Vladimir|Yaroslav II]], Kievan Grand Prince (b. [[1191]])
* [[October 22]] &ndash; [[Mieszko II the Fat|Mieszko II]] ('''the Fat'''), duke of [[Kalisz]]-[[Wieluń]]
* [[November 3]] &ndash; [[Robert de Bingham]], bishop of [[Diocese of Salisbury|Salisbury]]
* [[November 8]] &ndash; [[Berengaria of Castile|Berengaria]] ('''the Great'''), queen of [[Kingdom of Castile|Castile]]
* [[Alice of Champagne]], queen consort of [[Kingdom of Cyprus|Cyprus]] (b. [[1193]])
* [[Ednyfed Fychan]], Welsh nobleman and knight (b. [[1170]])
* [[Elias of Dereham]], English master [[Stonemasonry|stonemason]] designer
* [[Erard of Brienne-Ramerupt]], French nobleman (b. 1170)
* [[Eva Marshal]], Cambro-Norman noblewoman (b. [[1203]])
* [[Geoffrey II of Villehardouin]], prince of [[Principality of Achaea|Achaea]] (b. [[1195]])
* [[Henry Audley]] (or '''Aldithel'''), English nobleman (b. [[1175]])
* [[Hōjō Tsunetoki]], Japanese nobleman and regent (b. [[1224]])
* [[Kaliman I of Bulgaria|Kaliman Asen I]], ruler of the [[Second Bulgarian Empire|Bulgarian Empire]] (b. [[1234]])
* [[Kaykhusraw II]], ruler of the [[Sultanate of Rum]] (b. [[1221]])
* [[Matteo Rosso Orsini]], Italian nobleman and politician 
* [[Muhammad Al-Makki]], Arab ruler and explorer (b. [[1145]])
* [[Richard FitzRoy]], illegitimate son of [[John of England|John]] ('''Lackland''')
* [[Tello Téllez de Meneses]], bishop of [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Palencia|Palencia]] (b. 1170)
* [[Temüge]] (or '''Otgon'''), brother of [[Genghis Khan]] (b. [[1168]])
* [[Theodora Angelina]], Byzantine noblewoman (b. 1190)
* [[Walter IV, Count of Brienne|Walter IV]] ('''the Great'''), French nobleman and knight
* [[Walter Stewart, 3rd High Steward of Scotland|Walter Stewart]], Scottish politician and [[Lord High Steward of Scotland|High Steward]]
* [[Wansong Xingxiu]], Chinese [[Buddhism|Buddhist]] monk (b. [[1166]])

== References ==
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