Editing 1268

{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2011}}
{{About year|1268}}
{{Year nav|1268}}
{{C13 year in topic}}[[File:Konradin.jpg|thumb|Conradin (right) is executed by Charles I of Sicily, thus extinguishing the Hohenstaufen dynasty.]]Year '''1268''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MCCLXVIII]]''') was a [[leap year starting on Sunday]] of the [[Julian calendar]].

== Events ==
<onlyinclude>

=== By topic ===
==== War and politics ====
* [[February 18]] &ndash; [[Battle of Wesenberg (1268)|Battle of Rakvere]]: The [[Livonian Order]] is defeated by [[Dovmont of Pskov]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tRX0DQAAQBAJ&q=1268+battle+of+rakvere&pg=PA129|title=The Battle of Kulikovo Refought: "The First National Feat"|last=Parppei|first=Kati M. J.|publisher=BRILL|year=2017|isbn=9789004337947|location=Leiden, Boston|pages=129|language=en}}</ref>
* [[April 4]] &ndash; A [[Byzantine–Venetian treaty of 1268|five-year Byzantine–Venetian peace treaty]] is concluded between Venetian envoys and Emperor [[Michael VIII Palaiologos]]. It is ratified by the [[Doge of Venice]] [[Reniero Zeno]] on [[June 30]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rPPELPzrQwYC&q=1268+venetia+byzantine+peace+treaty&pg=PA441|title=History of the Byzantine Empire, from DCCXVI to MLVII|last=Finlay|first=George|publisher=W. Blackwood and Sons|year=1854|location=Edinburgh and London|pages=441|language=en}}</ref>
* [[August 23]] &ndash; [[Battle of Tagliacozzo]]: The army of [[Charles of Anjou]] defeats the [[Ghibellines]] supporters of [[Conradin]] of Hohenstaufen, marking the fall of the [[Hohenstaufen]] Family from the [[Holy Roman Empire|Imperial]] and [[Kingdom of Sicily|Sicilian]] thrones, and leading to the new chapter of [[Capetian House of Anjou|Angevin]] domination in [[Southern Italy]].<ref>{{Cite book|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=E2CTAgAAQBAJ&q=1268+battle+of+tagliacozzo&pg=PT1098|title=Medieval Italy: An Encyclopedia|last=Small|first=Carola M.|publisher=Routledge|year=2004|isbn=9781135948801|editor-last=Kleinhenz|editor-first=Christopher|location=New York and London|pages=1068|language=en|chapter=Battle of Tagliacozzo}}</ref>
* [[October 29]] &ndash; [[Conradin]], the last legitimate male heir of the [[Hohenstaufen]] Dynasty of [[List of German Kings and Emperors|Kings of Germany]] and [[Holy Roman Emperor]]s, is executed, along with his companion [[Frederick I, Margrave of Baden]], by [[Charles I of Sicily]], a political rival and ally to the hostile [[Roman Catholic Church]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=h5_tSnygvbIC&q=1268+conradin&pg=PA286|title=A Global Chronology of Conflict: From the Ancient World to the Modern Middle East [6 volumes]: From the Ancient World to the Modern Middle East|last=Tucker|first=Spencer C.|publisher=ABC-CLIO|year=2010|isbn=9781851096725|location=Santa Barbara, CA, Denver, CO and Oxford|pages=286|language=en}}</ref>
* King [[Stephen V of Hungary]] launches a war against [[Second Bulgarian Empire|Bulgaria]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LvVbRrH1QBgC&q=1268+stephen+V+hungary+bulgaria&pg=PA180|title=The Late Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Late Twelfth Century to the Ottoman Conquest|last1=Fine|first1=John V. A.|last2=Fine|first2=John Van Antwerp|publisher=University of Michigan Press|year=1994|isbn=9780472082605|location=Ann Arbor, MI|pages=180|language=en|orig-year=1987}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S9nzDQAAQBAJ&q=1268+stephen+V+hungary+bulgaria&pg=PA255|title=The Asanids: The Political and Military History of the Second Bulgarian Empire (1185-1280)|last=Madgearu|first=Alexandru|publisher=BRILL|year=2016|isbn=9789004333192|location=Leiden, Boston|pages=255|language=en}}</ref>
* The [[County of Wernigerode]] becomes a vassal state of the [[Margrave of Brandenburg]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QmdYAAAAcAAJ&q=1268+Wernigerode+Brandenburg&pg=PA13|title=Versuch einer Territorialgeschichte des preußischen Staates, oder kurze Darstellung des Wachsthums der Besitzungen des Hauses Brandenburg seit dem zwölften Jahrhundert. Mit einer illumin. Karte|last=Möller|first=Arnold Wilhelm|publisher=Schulz u. Wundermann|year=1822|location=Hamm und Münster|pages=13–14|language=de}}</ref>
* [[Doge of Venice#Choosing of the Doge|New election procedures]] for the election of the [[doge of Venice|doge]] are established in [[Republic of Venice|Venice]], in order to reduce the influence of powerful individual families and possibly to prevent the popular [[Lorenzo Tiepolo]] from becoming elected.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=skmMs7TGPZIC&q=1268+electing+doge+venice&pg=PA219|title=The Towns of Italy in the Later Middle Ages|last=Dean|first=Trevor|publisher=Manchester University Press|year=2000|isbn=9780719052040|location=Manchester and New York|pages=219|language=en}}</ref>
* [[Pope Clement IV]] dies; the following [[Papal election, 1268–71|papal election]] fails to choose a new pope for almost three years, precipitating the later creation of stringent rules governing the electoral procedures.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5Gm79HuBY0cC&q=1268+Pope+clement+IV+died&pg=PA106|title=The Papacy and the Levant, 1204-1571: The thirteenth and fourteenth centuries|last=Setton|first=Kenneth Meyer|publisher=American Philosophical Society|year=1976|isbn=9780871691149|series=Memoirs of the American Philosophical Society|volume=I: The Thirteenth and Fourteenth Centuries|location=Philadelphia, PA|pages=106|language=en}}</ref>

==== Culture ====
* [[Nicola Pisano]] completes the famous [[octagon]]al [[Gothic architecture|Gothic]]-style [[pulpit]], at the [[Duomo di Siena]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Fvf5ybzFBmIC&q=1268+nicola+pisano+Siena&pg=PA342|title=The A to Z of Renaissance Art|last=Zirpolo|first=Lilian H.|publisher=Scarecrow Press|year=2009|isbn=9780810870437|location=Lanham, Toronto, Plymouth, UK|pages=342–343|language=en}}</ref>
* The [[carnival]] in [[Venice]] is first recorded.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F2w2k8sMDCoC&q=1268+carnival+in+venice&pg=PA269|title=Venice: The Hinge of Europe, 1081-1797|last=McNeill|first=William H.|publisher=University of Chicago Press|year=2009|isbn=9780226561547|location=Chicago and London|pages=269|language=en|orig-year=1974}}</ref>
* In France, the use of [[hops]] as the exclusive flavoring agent used in the manufacture of [[beer]] is made compulsory.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ga4MYyZq-RMC&q=1268+france+hops+in+beer&pg=PA464|title=The Oxford Companion to Beer|last=Oliver|first=Garrett|publisher=Oxford University Press, USA|year=2012|isbn=9780195367133|location=Oxford and New York|pages=464|language=en}}</ref>
* The town of Guta is founded (currently [[Kolárovo]], [[Slovakia]]).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fotw.info/flags/sk-kolar.html|title=Kolárovo city, Slovakia|website=fotw.info|access-date=2019-04-17}}</ref>{{Better source needed|date=April 2019}}

=== By place ===
==== Asia ====
* [[May 18]] &ndash; [[Siege of Antioch (1268)|Battle of Antioch]]: The [[Principality of Antioch]], a [[crusader states|crusader state]], falls to the [[Mamluk Sultanate (Cairo)|Mamluk]] Sultan [[Baibars]]; his destruction of the city of [[Antioch]] is so great, as to permanently negate the city's importance.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3FRsBgAAQBAJ&q=1268+Battle+of+Antioch&pg=PA185|title=The Routledge Companion to Medieval Warfare|last=Bradbury|first=Jim|publisher=Routledge|year=2004|isbn=9781134598472|location=London and New York|pages=185|language=en}}</ref>
* The [[Battle of Xiangyang]], a 6-year battle between the Chinese [[Song dynasty]] and the [[Mongol Empire|Mongol]] forces of [[Kublai Khan]], begins in what is today [[Hubei]].<ref>{{Cite book|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eWD4xmLYyXIC&q=1268+Battle+of+Xiangyang&pg=PA141|title=Debating War in Chinese History|last=Curtis Wright|first=David|publisher=BRILL|year=2013|isbn=9789004244795|editor-last=Lorge|editor-first=Peter A.|location=Leiden and Boston|pages=141|language=en|chapter=Debates in the Field During Bayan's Campaigns Against Southern Song China, 1274 - 1276}}</ref>
* [[Kublai Khan]] sends an emissary to the [[Kamakura shogunate]] of Japan, demanding an acknowledgment of suzerainty and payment of [[tribute]]; the Japanese refuse, starting a diplomatic back-and-forth, lasting until the [[Mongol Empire|Mongols]] attempt to invade in [[1274]].<ref>{{Cite book|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aWxN1Fq_ueoC&q=1268+Kublai+Khan+Japan&pg=PA280|title=Sources of Japanese Tradition|last1=Bary|first1=Wm. Theodore de|last2=Gluck|first2=Carol|last3=Tiedemann|first3=Arthur|last4=Varley|first4=Paul|publisher=Columbia University Press|year=2002|isbn=9780231518055|edition=  Second: From Earliest Times to 1600|location=New York and Chichester, UK|pages=280|language=en|chapter=The Mongol Invasion of Japan}}</ref>
* An [[1268 Cilicia earthquake|earthquake in Cilicia]] occurs in 1268 northeast of the city of [[Adana]]. Over 60,000 people perished in the [[Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia]] in southern Asia Minor.<ref>Walford, Cornelius (1879) ''The famines of the world: past and present'' London, page 55, {{OCLC|38724391}}</ref><ref>Lomnitz, Cinna (1974) ''Global Tectonics and Earthquake Risk'' Elsevier Scientific Pub. Co., Amsterdam, {{ISBN|0-444-41076-7}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=b1sXfJCiCHQC&q=1268+Cilicia+earthquake&pg=PA292|title=Encyclopedia of Earthquakes and Volcanoes|last1=Gates|first1=Alexander E.|last2=Ritchie|first2=David|publisher=Infobase Publishing|year=2007|isbn=9780816072705|edition=  Third|location=New York|pages=292|language=en|orig-year=1994}}</ref>
* The [[Tibet]]an monk [[Drogön Chögyal Phagpa]] of the [[Sakya]] School completes the [['Phags-pa script]], which was sponsored by [[Kublai Khan]] as a new writing system in [[Mongol Empire|his empire]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lGyrymfDdI0C&q=1268+mongol+script&pg=PA224|title=One Hundred Thousand Moons: An Advanced Political History of Tibet|last=Shakabpa|first=Tsepon Wangchuk Deden|publisher=BRILL|year=2010|isbn=9789004177321|location=Leiden, Boston|pages=224|language=en}}</ref>
</onlyinclude>

== Births ==
* April/June &ndash; [[Philip IV of France]] (d. [[1314]])<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FXllDwAAQBAJ&q=1268+philip+IV+france&pg=RA1-PA326|title=Encyclopedia of World History|last=Delph|first=Ronald K.|publisher=Infobase Publishing|year=2007|isbn=978-0-8160-6386-4|editor-last=Ackermann|editor-first=Marsha E.|series=Facts on File Library of World History|pages=326|language=en|editor-last2=Schroeder|editor-first2=Michael J.|editor-last3=Terry|editor-first3=Janice J.|editor-last4=Upshur|editor-first4=Jiu-Hwa Lo|editor-last5=Whitters|editor-first5=Mark F.}}</ref>
* Saint [[Clare of Montefalco]] (d. [[1308]])<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hL22AgAAQBAJ&q=1268+Clare+of+montefalco&pg=PA146|title=Women and Gender in Medieval Europe: An Encyclopedia|last=Renna|first=Thomas|publisher=Routledge|year=2006|isbn=9781135459604|editor-last=Schaus|editor-first=Margaret C.|location=New York and London|pages=146|language=en}}</ref>
* [[Emperor Duanzong]] of China (d. [[1278]])<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2UAlDwAAQBAJ&q=1268+Duanzong&pg=PA634|title=Encyclopedia of Chinese History|last=Hu|first=Wen|publisher=Taylor & Francis|year=2017|isbn=9781317817161|editor-last=Dillon|editor-first=Michael|location=London and New York|pages=634–635|language=en}}</ref>
* [[Mahaut, Countess of Artois]] (d. [[1327]])<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wAKjBQAAQBAJ&q=1268+Mahaut+artois&pg=PA155|title=Translating Resurrection: The Debate between William Tyndale and George Joye in Its Historical and Theological Context|last=Juhász|first=Gergely M.|publisher=BRILL|year=2014|isbn=9789004259522|series=Studies in the History of Christian Traditions|volume=165|location=Leiden, Boston|pages=155|language=en}}</ref>
*[[Vedanta Desika]], Indian Hindu poet and philosopher<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=edMjFemj7y8C&q=1268+Vedanta+Desika&pg=PA162|title=Ultimate Realities: A Volume in the Comparative Religious Ideas Project|last=Neville|first=Robert C.|publisher=State University of New York Press|year=2001|isbn=9780791447758|location=Albany, New York|pages=162|language=en}}</ref>

== Deaths ==
* [[May 15]] &ndash; [[Peter II, Count of Savoy]] (b. [[1203]])<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_HNFPAAAAMAAJ|quote=1268 peter savoy.|title=Penny Cyclopaedia of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge|last=Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge|publisher=Charles Knight|year=1841|location=London|pages=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_HNFPAAAAMAAJ/page/n443 439]|language=en}}</ref>
* [[July 7]] &ndash; [[Reniero Zeno]], Doge of Venice<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=s903AAAAcAAJ&q=1268+reniero+zeno&pg=PP8|title=History of the Venetian Republic: Her Rise, Her Greatness, and Her Civilization|last=Hazlitt|first=William Carew|publisher=Smith, Elder & Co|year=1860|volume=II|location=London|pages=255|language=en}}</ref>
* [[August 11]] &ndash; [[Agnes of Faucigny]], Dame ruler of Faucigny, countess consort of Savoy<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qF19BgAAQBAJ&q=1268+Agnes+of+Faucigny&pg=PA374|title=The Eagles of Savoy: The House of Savoy in Thirteenth-Century Europe|last=Cox|first=Eugene L.|publisher=Princeton University Press|year=2015|isbn=9781400867912|location=Princeton, New Jersey|pages=374|language=en|orig-year=1974}}</ref>
* [[October 29]]
**[[Conradin]], Duke of Swabia (executed) (b. [[1252]])<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PwPLkQVZ1tsC&q=1268+conradin&pg=PA43|title=A Thousand Years in Sicily: From the Arabs to the Bourbons|last=Quatriglio|first=Giuseppe|publisher=Legas / Gaetano Cipolla|year=2005|isbn=9780921252177|edition=  Third|location=Mineola, NY and Ottawa|pages=43|language=en|orig-year=1985}}</ref>
** [[Frederick I, Margrave of Baden]] (executed) (b. [[1249]])<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Fvk6DQAAQBAJ&q=1268+frederick+baden&pg=PA17|title=The Legislative History of the International Criminal Court|last1=Bassiouni|first1=M. Cherif|last2=Schabas|first2=William A.|publisher=BRILL|year=2016|isbn=9789004322097|edition=  Second Revised and Expanded |volume=I|location=Leiden and Boston|pages=17|language=en}}</ref>
* [[November 29]] &ndash; [[Pope Clement IV]]<ref name=":0" />
* [[December 9]] &ndash; [[Vaišvilkas]], Prince of Black Ruthenia<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=L9X3CwAAQBAJ&q=1268+Vai%C5%A1elga&pg=PA58|title=The Lithuanian Millennium: History, Art and Culture|last1=Janonienė|first1=Rūta|last2=Račiūnaitė|first2=Tojana|last3=Iršėnas|first3=Marius|last4=Butrimas|first4=Adomas|publisher=Vilnius Academy of Arts Press|year=2015|isbn=9786094470974|location=Vilnius, Lithuania|pages=58|language=en}}</ref>
*''date unknown''
**[[Barral of Baux]], Grand Justiciar of Sicily<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nfcmAAAAMAAJ&q=1268+Barral+of+Baux|title=The Poems of the Troubadour, Raimbaut de Vaqueiras|publisher=Mouton|year=1964|editor-last=Linskill|editor-first=Richard|location=The Hague, Netherlands|pages=85|language=en}}</ref>
** [[Henry de Bracton]], English jurist<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CTw0WNs9x4MC&q=1268+henry+de+bracton|title=Bracton's Note Book: A Collection of Cases Decided in the King's Courts During the Reign of Henry the Third|last=Bracton|first=Henry de|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2010|isbn=9781108010290|editor-last=Maitland|editor-first=William Frederick|location=Cambridge and New York|pages=19–20|language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:1268}}
[[Category:1268| ]]