Editing 1292

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[[File:John Balliol.jpg|upright=1.35|thumb|[[John Balliol]], King of Scots 1292–1296]]
Year '''1292''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MCCXCII]]''') was a [[leap year starting on Tuesday]] of the [[Julian calendar]].

== Events ==

=== By place ===

==== Asia ====
* [[Shanghai County]] is established.<ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.shtong.gov.cn/difangzhi-front/book/detailNew?oneId=2&bookId=344775&parentNodeId=344806&nodeId=641941&type=-1 |publisher = Government of Shanghai |title = 行政区划 (in Chinese) |access-date = 4 January 2024 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20240505092811/https://www.shtong.gov.cn/difangzhi-front/book/detailNew?oneId=2&bookId=344775&parentNodeId=344806&nodeId=641940&type=-1%2A |archive-date = 5 May 2024 |url-status=live |df = dmy-all }}</ref>
* [[Kublai Khan]] sends a Mongol expeditionary force (some 20,000 men) to [[Java]]. He collects an invasion fleet with some 500–1,000 ships and enough provisions for a year from [[Fujian]], [[Jiangxi]] and [[Huguang]] in southern [[China]]. The fleet travels past [[Champa]] (modern [[Vietnam]]) and the [[Karimata Islands]]. The Mongols land on Java, taking the capital of [[kediri (city)|Kediri]], but it proves impossible to hold.<ref>Man, John (2007). ''Kublai Khan: The Mongol king who remade China'', p. 281. London: Bantam Books. {{ISBN|978-0-553-81718-8}}.</ref>
* King [[Mangrai]] the Great of [[Ngoenyang]] conquers and annexes the [[Mon people|Mon]] kingdom of [[Hariphunchai]], creating a political union in the form of the [[Lan Na]] Kingdom.
* The [[Vaghela dynasty]] in [[Gujarat]] (located along the [[Western India|western coast]] of [[India]]) is subjugated by the [[Deccan Plateau|Deccan]] [[Seuna (Yadava) dynasty]] of [[Daulatabad, Maharashtra|Daulatabad]].

==== Britain ====
* [[November 17]] &ndash; [[John Balliol]] is selected by King [[Edward I of England]] as ruler of [[Kingdom of Scotland|Scotland]] at [[Berwick-upon-Tweed|Berwick]] from among 13 [[competitors for the Crown of Scotland]]. Edward then treats John as a [[Puppet state|puppet ruler]] and Scotland as a vassal state, provoking the [[Wars of Scottish Independence]], commencing in [[1296]]. John is crowned at [[Scone, Scotland|Scone]] on [[November 30]] ([[Saint Andrew's Day]]). Scotland's castles are returned to the powerful magnates.<ref>Dunbar, Sir Archibald H., Bt, ''Scottish Kings – A Revised Chronology of Scottish History 1005–1625'', p. 115. Edinburgh, 1899.</ref><ref>{{cite book |editor1-last=Lynch |editor1-first=Michael |title=The Oxford Companion to Scottish history |date=February 24, 2011 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=9780199693054 |pages=281–282}}</ref>
* [[December]] &ndash; John Balliol is summoned by Edward I to [[Westminster]] to answer an appeal by [[Macduff of Fife]] against a judgment imposed on him by the Scottish Parliament. John refuses to answer Macduff's appeal, 'without consulting the people of his realm'. Edward asks for compensation for the violation of English law and demands to hand him over three Scottish castles as repayment for the crime committed.<ref>Armstrong, Pete (2003). Osprey: ''Stirling Bridge & Falkirk 1297–98'', p. 9. {{ISBN|1-84176-510-4}}.</ref>

==== Europe ====
* [[May 5]] &ndash; The College of Electors select [[Adolf, King of the Romans|Adolf]], count of Nassau, as the new King of the Romans and successor of Habsburg [[Rudolf I of Germany|Rudolf I]] who had died the previous year. Adolf is forced to make wide-ranging concessions to the Electors to get elected. He is crowned king on June 24 in Aachen by the Archbishop of Cologne.
* [[June 24]] &ndash; Castilian forces led by King [[Sancho IV of Castile|Sancho IV]] ("the Brave") begin the siege of [[Tarifa]]: eleven newly built engines bombard the city constantly by land and sea. Meanwhile, [[Muhammad II of Granada|Muhammad II]], Nasrid ruler of [[Emirate of Granada|Granada]], provides the army of Sancho with men, arms and also aids the blockade in the [[Strait of Gibraltar]]. Muhammad attacks Marinid outposts and his forces seize [[Estepona]] on the coast to the west of [[Málaga]]. Sancho conquers Tarifa after a siege of four months, on [[October 13]].<ref>O'Callaghan, Joseph F. (2011). ''The Gibraltar Crusade: Castile and the Battle for the Strait'', pp. 100–101. Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Press. {{ISBN|978-0-8122-2302-6}}.</ref>
* [[December]] &ndash; Muhammad II sends ambassadors to the Castilian court to ask Sancho IV to surrender Tarifa. Sancho refuses to yield the city to Granada and Muhammad, feeling betrayed, switches sides to form an alliance with the Marinids.<ref>O'Callaghan, Joseph F. (2011). ''The Gibraltar Crusade: Castile and the Battle for the Strait'', p. 102. Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Press. {{ISBN|978-0-8122-2302-6}}.</ref><ref>Kennedy, Hugh (2014). ''Muslim Spain and Portugal: A Political History of Al-Andalus'', pp. 284–285. London: Routledge. {{ISBN|978-1-317-87041-8}}.</ref>

==== Levant ====
* Mamluk forces under Sultan [[Al-Ashraf Khalil]] accompanied by his vizier [[Ibn al-Sal'us]] arrive in [[Damascus]]. Khalil travels via [[Aleppo]] to besiege the castle of [[Rumkale]] (Qal'at ar-Rum, "Castle of the Romans"), the official seat of [[Stephen IV of Cilicia|Stephen IV]], patriarch of [[Armenia]]. The Mamluks besiege the castle with more than 30 catapults and capture it after 30 days.<ref>The [[Templar of Tyre]], Chronicle (Getes des Chiprois). Published by Crawford, P., Ashgate Publishing. Ltd, Cyprus 2003. {{ISBN|1-84014-618-4}}.</ref>
* Al-Ashraf Khalil returns to Damascus and assembles an army to attack [[Kozan, Adana|Sis]], the capital of the [[Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia]]. An Armenian embassy arrives in Damascus, and reaches a settlement with Khalil. The cities of [[Toprakkale, Osmaniye|Til Hemdun]], [[Marash]] and [[Besni|Behesni]] are given to the Mamluks in order to maintain peace.
* [[November]] &ndash; [[Michael II of Antioch|Michael II]] becomes [[Syriac Orthodox Church|Syriac Orthodox]] patriarch of [[Antioch]] (until [[1312]]).<ref>{{cite book | last1 =Carlson| first=Thomas A. |date=2018|title=Christianity in Fifteenth-Century Iraq|publisher=Cambridge University Press|page=267}}</ref>

=== By topic ===

==== Religion ====
* Spring &ndash; The ''[[Taxatio Ecclesiastica]]'', compiled in 1291–1292, is completed under the order of [[Pope Nicholas IV]]. It is a detailed database valuation for ecclesiastical taxation of English, Welsh and Irish churches.
* [[April 4]] &ndash; Nicholas IV dies after a 4-year pontificate in [[Rome]]. The cardinals assemble at [[Perugia]] to elect a new pope ([[1292–1294 papal election]]).

== Births ==
* [[January 20]] &ndash; [[Elizabeth of Bohemia (1292–1330)|Elizabeth of Bohemia]], queen consort of [[Kingdom of Bohemia|Bohemia]] (d. [[1330]])
* [[January 29]] &ndash; [[Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya]], Syrian polymath (d. [[1350]])
* [[May 28]] &ndash; [[Philip of Castile, Lord of Cabrera and Ribera|Philip of Castile]], Spanish [[Nobility|nobleman]] and prince (d. [[1327]])
* [[June 24]] &ndash; [[Otto the Mild]], German nobleman and knight (d. [[1344]])
* [[August 25]] &ndash; [[Chu Văn An]], Vietnamese physician and [[Mandarin (bureaucrat)|mandarin]] (d. [[1370]])
* [[October 3]] &ndash; [[Eleanor de Clare]], English noblewoman (d. [[1337]])
* [[Dolpopa Sherab Gyaltsen]], Tibetan religious leader (d. [[1361]])
* [[Elisenda of Montcada]], queen consort and [[regent]] of [[Kingdom of Aragon|Aragon]] (d. [[1364]])
* [[Evrard d'Orleans]], French [[Gothic art|Gothic]] sculptor and painter (d. [[1357]])
* [[Gerhard III, Count of Holstein-Rendsburg|Gerhard III]] ("the Great"), German nobleman and prince (d. [[1340]])
* [[Henry IV the Faithful]], Polish nobleman and knight (d. [[1342]])
* [[Henry Burghersh]], English bishop and statesman (d. 1340)
* [[John VI Kantakouzenos]], Byzantine emperor (d. [[1383]])
* [[John Grandisson]], English [[chaplain]] and bishop (d. [[1369]])
* [[John Marmion, 4th Baron Marmion of Winteringham|John Marmion]], Norman nobleman and knight (d. [[1335]])
* [[Richard of Wallingford]], English mathematician (d. [[1336]])
* [[Robert de Stratford]], English bishop and chancellor (d. [[1362]])
* [[Saionji Neishi]] (or Yasuko), Japanese court lady (d. 1337)
* [[Siemowit of Bytom]], Polish nobleman and knight (d. 1342)

== Deaths ==
* [[February 6]] &ndash; [[William VII, Marquis of Montferrat|William VII]], Italian nobleman and knight (b. [[1240]])
* [[February 10]] &ndash; [[Maurice VI de Craon]], French nobleman (b. [[1255]])
* [[February 28]] &ndash; [[Hugh de Courtenay]], English nobleman (b. [[1251]]) 
* [[April 4]] &ndash; [[Pope Nicholas IV|Nicholas IV]], Italian pope of the [[Catholic Church]] (b. [[1227]])
* [[April 16]] &ndash; [[Thibaud Gaudin]], French nobleman and Grand Master
* [[May 2]] &ndash; [[Conrad II of Teck|Conrad II]], German nobleman ([[House of Zähringen|House of Teck]]) (b. [[1235]])
* [[May 8]] &ndash; [[Amato Ronconi]], Italian monk, [[hermit]] and saint (b. [[1226]])
* [[June 2]] &ndash; [[Rhys ap Maredudd]], Welsh nobleman and prince (b. [[1250]])
* [[July 24]] &ndash; [[Kinga of Poland]], Hungarian princess and [[abbess]] (b. [[1224]])
* [[September 25]] &ndash; [[Alice of Saluzzo, Countess of Arundel]], Savoyan noblewoman and co-ruler
* [[September 30]] &ndash; [[William I, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg]], German nobleman and co-ruler (b. [[1270]])
* [[October 3]] &ndash; [[Benvenuta Bojani]], Italian nun, mystic and saint (b. [[1254]])
* [[October 14]] &ndash; [[John of Flanders]], Flemish nobleman and prince-bishop
* [[October 20]] &ndash; [[Saionji Kisshi]] (or Ōmiya-in), empress of [[Japan]] (b. [[1225]])
* [[October 25]] &ndash; [[Robert Burnell]], English bishop and chancellor (b. [[1239]])
* [[November 4]] &ndash; [[Euphrosyne of Opole]], Polish noblewoman and regent
* [[December 8]] &ndash; [[John Peckham]], English archbishop and writer (b. [[1230]])
* [[Abraham Abulafia]], Spanish scholar, philosopher and writer (b. 1240)
* [[As-Suwaydi (physician)|As-Suwaydi]], Syrian physician, pharmacologist and writer (b. [[1204]])
* [[Beatrice of Savoy, Lady of Villena]], Savoyan noblewoman ([[House of Savoy]]) (b. 1250) 
* [[Bernard of Trilia]], French monk, theologian and philosopher (b. 1240)
* [[Darmabala]] ("Protector of the Law"), Mongolian nobleman (b. [[1264]])
* [[Gertrude of Hackeborn]], German noblewoman and abbess (b. [[1232]])
* [[Guiraut Riquier|Guiraut Riquier de Narbona]], French [[troubadour]] and writer (b. 1230)
* [[Ingeborg of Sweden (1263–1292)|Ingeborg of Sweden]], Swedish princess ([[House of Bjälbo]]) (b. [[1263]])
* [[Marjorie, Countess of Carrick]] (or Margaret), Scottish noblewoman (''[[suo jure]]'') (b. [[1256]])
* [[Roger Bacon]], English monk, philosopher and scientist (b. [[1220]])

== References ==
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