Editing 1301

{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2011}}
{{About year|1301}}
{{Year nav|1301}}
[[File:Portrait de Dante.jpg|upright=1.00|thumb|[[Dante Alighieri]] (c. 1265–1321)]]
{{C14 year in topic}}
Year '''1301''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MCCCI]]''') was a [[common year starting on Sunday]] of the [[Julian calendar]].

== Events ==
===January&ndash; March===
* [[January 14]] &ndash; With the death of King [[Andrew III of Hungary|Andrew III]] ("Andrew the Venetian") after a short illness, possibly from poisoning, the [[Árpád dynasty|Árpád Dynasty]] in [[Kingdom of Hungary (1000–1301)|Hungary]] ends. This results in a power struggle between [[Wenceslaus III of Bohemia]], [[Otto III, Duke of Bavaria|Otto III of Bavaria]], and [[Charles I of Hungary|Charles Robert of Naples]]. Eventually, Wenceslaus is elected and crowned as king of Hungary and [[Croatia in personal union with Hungary|Croatia]]. His rule is only nominal, because a [[Oligarch (Kingdom of Hungary)|dozen powerful Hungarian nobles]] hold sway over large territories in the kingdom.<ref name="BartlSkvarna2002">{{cite book|author1=Július Bartl|author2=Dusan Skvarna|title=Slovak History: Chronology & Lexicon|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3orG2yZ9mBkC&pg=PA34|year=2002|publisher=Bolchazy-Carducci Publishers|isbn=978-0-86516-444-4|pages=34–}}</ref>
* [[January 25]] &ndash; [[Second Mongol invasion of Burma]]: The forces of [[Temür Khan]], Mongol leader who also serves as the Emperor Chengzong of China, reach Myinsaing, capital of the [[Myinsaing Kingdom]] in central Burma, and begin a siege of the city that will last for almost three months before the invasion leaders are paid to leave.<ref name=tt-1959-119>Than Tun, ''History of Burma: A.D. 1300–1400'' (Burma Research Society, 1959)</ref> 
* [[February 7]] &ndash; The 16-year-old Prince [[Edward II of England|Edward of Caernarfon]], son and heir of King [[Edward I of England|Edward I]] ("Edward Longshanks"), becomes the first [[Prince of Wales]] and is also granted the royal lands in [[Wales]].
* [[February 28]] &ndash; [[Second Mongol invasion of Burma]]: Five weeks after beginning the siege of Myinsaing with no success, the Mongol invaders launch a major assault, but the Burmese defenders continue their defense for 12 days, leading to a truce.<ref name=tt-1959-119/>
* [[March 2]] &ndash; (Shōan 3, 21st day of the 1st month) Emperor [[Emperor Go-Fushimi|Go-Fushimi]] abdicates the throne after a 2½-year reign. He is succeeded by his 15-year-old cousin, [[Emperor Go-Nijō|Go-Nijō]], as the 94th [[emperor of Japan]]. Go-Nijō will reign until [[1308]].
* [[March 12]] &ndash; [[Second Mongol invasion of Burma]]: After seven weeks of a stalemate, the Mongols and the Burmese begin negotiations for a truce.<ref name=tt-1959-119/>

===April&ndash; June===
* [[April 8]] &ndash; [[Second Mongol invasion of Burma]]: The three [[Pagan dynasty|Bagan]] brothers ([[Athinkhaya]], [[Yazathingyan]] and [[Thihathu]]) who rule the [[Myinsaing Kingdom|Burmese Kingdom of Myinsaing]] reach an agreement for Mongol leader [[Temür Khan]] and his officers to be paid 800 [[tael]]s (30&nbsp;kg) of gold and 2200 [[tael]]s (83&nbsp;kg) of silver in return for ending the invasion and returning to Mongolia.<ref name=tt-1959-119/>
* [[April 10]] &ndash; In the Principality of Monaco, the first Grimaldi family ruler, [[Rainier I of Monaco, Lord of Cagnes|Rainier I]], is forced to flee as troops from the [[Republic of Genoa]] besiege the Monacans. The Genoese rule will last for more than 30 years, until September 12, 1331.
* [[May 13]] &ndash; After an attempt in the spring to have [[Charles I of Hungary|Prince Charles of Anjou]] succeed the late Andrew III as [[King of Hungary]], the [[Diet of Hungary]] votes to declare his coronation invalid, in that Charles was not proclaimed king at Székesfehérvár and never received the [[Holy Crown of Hungary|Crown of Saint Stephen]].
* [[June 22]] &ndash;  Nicola Boccasini, who will become [[Pope Benedict XI]] in 1303, begins his duties as the Roman Catholic [[papal legate|apostolic legate]] to [[Hungary]], having been appointed as the personal representative of [[Pope Boniface VIII]].

===July&ndash; September===
* [[July 5]] &ndash; [[First War of Scottish Independence]]: [[Edward I of England|King Edward I of England]] launches his sixth campaign into [[Kingdom of Scotland|Scotland]], crossing into [[Berwickshire]] from [[Northumberland]].<ref name=Hamilton>Jeffrey Hamilton, ''The Plantagenets: History of a Dynasty'' (Bloomsbury Publishing, 2010) p.78</ref> 
* [[July 10]] &ndash; Indian forces under Sultan [[Alauddin Khalji]] capture [[Ranthambore Fort]]ress. During the siege, General [[Nusrat Khan Jalesari]] is hit and killed by a [[Trebuchet|manjaniq]] stone.<ref>Satish Chandra, ''History of Medieval India: 800–1700'' (Orient Longman, 2007) p. 97 {{ISBN|978-81-250-3226-7}}.</ref>
* [[August 5]] &ndash; The English Army, commanded by King Edward I, reaches Glasgow.<ref name=Hamilton/>
* [[August 27]] &ndash; [[Wenceslaus III of Bohemia]] is crowned as [[List of Hungarian monarchs|King of Hungary]] under the regnal name King Vencel, receiving the Crown of Saint Stephen in a ceremony at [[Székesfehérvár]].
* [[September 2]] &ndash; In their invasion of Scotland, English troops under the command of [[Edward II of England|Prince Edward of Caernarfon]] and [[Henry de Lacy, Earl of Lincoln]], capture [[Turnberry Castle]] in [[Carrick, Scotland|Carrick]], the headquarters of the Bruces.<ref name=Hamilton/>
* [[September 3]] &ndash; [[Bartolomeo I della Scala]] becomes the new [[Lords of Verona|Lord of Verona]], at the time a city-state in [[Italy]] that included most of the [[Veneto]] region (with the exception of Venice), upon the death of his father [[Alberto I della Scala|Alberto]].
* [[September 16]] &ndash; In Spain, the [[Emirate of Granada]], ruled by [[Muhammad II of Granada|Muhammad al-Faqih]], and the [[Kingdom of Aragon]], ruled by [[James II of Aragon|Jaime II the Just]] sign a military agreement to fight against the [[Kingdom of Castile]] and to capture the port of [[Tarifa]].<ref>"Finalment, el tractat fou signat per Jaume II ale 16 de setembre de 1301, amb contingut practicament igual que la proposta que ja hem comentat del rei de Granada." ("Finally, the treaty was signed by James II on September 16, 1301, with practically the same content as the proposal we have already commented on from the King of Granada.") 
Maria Teresa Ferrer i Mallol, ''La frontera amb l'Islam en el segle XIV cristians i sarraïns al país Valencia'' ("The border with Islam in the 14th century: Christians and Saracens in the Country of Valencia") (Institució Milà i Fontanals, 1988) p. 77</ref>

===October&ndash; December===
* [[October 5]] &ndash; (Shoan, 22nd day of the 8th month) [[Hojo Morotoki]] becomes the 10th regent for the [[Kamakura shogunate]] of Japan.
* [[October 6]] &ndash; (2 Safar 701 AH) [[Abu Numayy I]], Arabic ruler of the [[Sharifate of Mecca|Emirate of Mecca]], abdicates and is succeeded by two of his sons, [[Rumaythah ibn Abi Numayy|Rumaythah]] and [[Humaydah ibn Abi Numayy|Humaydah]]. Abu Numayy dies two days later at the age of 69.
* [[November 1]] &ndash; [[Charles, Count of Valois|Charles of Valois]], son of the late King [[Philip III of France|Philip III]] ("Philip the Bold"), is summoned to [[Kingdom of Italy (Holy Roman Empire)|Italy]] by Pope [[Pope Boniface VIII|Boniface VIII]] to restore peace between the [[Guelphs and Ghibellines]]. He enters [[Florence]], and allows the Neri ("Black Guelphs") to return to the city. Charles installs a new government under [[Cante dei Gabrielli]] as [[Chief Magistrate]] (''[[podestà]]''), leading to the permanent exile of [[Dante Alighieri]], Italian poet and philosopher, from the city.<ref>Hywel Williams, ''Cassell's Chronology of World History'', (London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 2005) p.153.  {{ISBN|0-304-35730-8}}.</ref>
* [[November 9]] &ndash; [[Bolko I the Strict|Bolko I]] ("Bolko the Strict"), Polish nobleman and co-ruler dies and is succeeded by his three minor sons (Bernard, 10; Henry, 9; and Bolko II, 2), with his brother-in-law [[Herman, Margrave of Brandenburg-Salzwedel]] to serve as regent. 
* [[December 5]] &ndash; [[Pope Boniface VIII]] issues the [[papal bull]] ''[[Ausculta Fili]]'' ("Listen, my son"), accusing [[Philip IV of France|King Philip IV]] of [[France]] ("Philip the Fair") of malfeasance of office. 
* [[December 6]] &ndash; In Spain, [[Ferdinand IV of Castile]] reaches the age of 16 and is proclaimed of the age of majority to be crowned as [[King of Castile]] and as [[King of León]]. Ferdinand IV had become the nominal monarch at age 9, under the [[regency]] of his mother, [[María de Molina]].

=== By place ===

==== Middle East ====
* Spring &ndash; Sultan [[Osman I]] calls for a military campaign to strike deep into Byzantine [[Bithynia]]. During the campaign, Ottoman forces capture the towns of [[İnegöl]] and [[Yenişehir, Bursa|Yenişehir]]. The later town will be transformed into a capital city, as Osman moves his administration and personal household within its walls. By the end of the year, Ottoman forces begin blockading the major Byzantine city of [[Nicaea]].<ref>Kazhdan, Alexander (1991). ''The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium'', pp. 1539–1540. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. {{ISBN|0-19-504652-8}}.</ref>

== Births ==
* [[February 6]] &ndash; [[Henry Percy, 2nd Baron Percy|Henry Percy]], English [[Nobility|nobleman]], governor and knight (d. [[1352]])
* [[June 19]] &ndash; [[Prince Morikuni|Morikuni]], Japanese prince, [[shogun]] and [[puppet ruler]] (d. [[1333]])
* [[July 23]] &ndash; [[Otto, Duke of Austria|Otto I]] ("Otto the Merry"), Austrian nobleman and co-ruler (d. [[1339]])<ref>{{cite book|author=Anne Commire|title=Women in World History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DUMOAQAAMAAJ|date=8 October 1999|publisher=Gale|isbn=978-0-7876-4061-3}}</ref>
* [[August 5]] &ndash; [[Edmund of Woodstock, 1st Earl of Kent|Edmund of Woodstock]], English nobleman and prince (d. [[1330]])<ref>{{cite book|author=Chris Given-Wilson|title=Fourteenth Century England VI|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=J7PodTdbyQYC&pg=PA27|year=2010|publisher=Boydell & Brewer|isbn=978-1-84383-530-1|pages=27}}</ref>
* [[September 24]] &ndash; [[Ralph de Stafford, 1st Earl of Stafford|Ralph de Stafford]], English nobleman and knight (d. [[1372]])<ref>{{cite book|title=Magna Carta Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families, 2nd Edition, 2011|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8JcbV309c5UC&pg=RA3-PA72|publisher=Douglas Richardson|isbn=978-1-4610-4520-5|pages=3}}</ref>
* [[October 4]] &ndash; [[Thomas de Monthermer, 2nd Baron Monthermer|Thomas de Monthermer]], English nobleman and knight (d. [[1340]])
* [[October 7]] &ndash; [[Aleksandr Mikhailovich of Tver|Aleksandr Mikhailovich]], Russian Grand Prince (d. 1339)<ref>{{cite book|author=Sergeĭ Mikhaĭlovich Solovʹev|title=History of Russia: Russian society, 1389-1425|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nrBoAAAAMAAJ|year=1976|publisher=Academic International Press|isbn=978-0-87569-228-9}}</ref>
*''unknown dates'' 
** [[Ingeborg of Norway]], Norwegian princess and ''[[de facto]]'' ruler (d. [[1361]])<ref>{{cite book|author=Kirsten A. Seaver|title=The Last Vikings: The Epic Story of the Great Norse Voyagers|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-gGUBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA124|date=30 November 2014|publisher=I.B.Tauris|isbn=978-1-78453-057-0|pages=124}}</ref>
** [[Nitta Yoshisada]], Japanese nobleman, general and [[samurai]] (d. [[1338]])<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sansom |first=George |title=A History of Japan, 1334–1615 |publisher=Stanford University Press |year=1961 |isbn=0804705259 |pages=18–21, 26–27}}</ref>
** [[Ni Zan]], Chinese nobleman, painter, musician and tea master (d. [[1374]])<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.comuseum.com/painting/masters/ni-zan/|title=Ni Zan|website=China Online Museum|date=March 5, 2015 |access-date=24 December 2022}}</ref>
** [[Rudolf II, Margrave of Hachberg-Sausenberg|Rudolf II]], German nobleman and knight ([[House of Zähringen]]) (d. [[1352]])<ref>{{Cite book | author=Johann Samuel Ersch|title=Allgemeine Encyclopädie der Wissenschaften und Künste in alphabetischer Folge von genannten Schriftstellern: Zweite Section H - N ; Hirudo - Höklyn|publisher=Brockhaus|year=1832|language=de}}</ref>

== Deaths ==
* [[January 14]] &ndash; [[Andrew III of Hungary|Andrew III]] ("Andrew the Venetian"), king of [[Kingdom of Hungary (1000–1301)|Hungary]] (b. [[1265]])<ref name="BartlSkvarna2002"/>
* [[February 19]] &ndash; [[Pietro Gerra]], Italian cleric, archbishop and patriarch
* [[February 20]] &ndash; [[Asukai Gayū]], Japanese nobleman and poet (b. [[1241]])
* [[March 21]] &ndash; [[Guillaume de Champvent]], Swiss nobleman and bishop
* [[May 7]] &ndash; [[Hōjō Akitoki]], Japanese military leader and poet (b. [[1248]])
* [[August 22]] &ndash; [[Giacomo Bianconi]], Italian priest and scholar (b. [[1220]])
* [[September 3]] &ndash; [[Alberto I della Scala|Alberto I]], Italian nobleman and [[Chief Magistrate]]<ref>{{cite book|author=Paul S. Bruckman|title=La Divina Commedia (The Divine Comedy) : Purgatorio: La Divina Commedia (The Divine Comedy) : Purgatorio a Translation into English in Iambic Pentameter, Terza Rima Form|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=u8X6wnyEqCEC&pg=PA818|date=7 June 2011|isbn=978-1-4568-7895-5|pages=818|publisher=Xlibris Corporation }}</ref>
* [[November 19]] &ndash; [[Johann III Romka|Johann III]], Polish chaplain, bishop and diplomat
*''unknown dates''
** [[Blasco I d'Alagona]] ("Blasc the Elder"), Aragonese nobleman and captain<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |title=Alagona, Blasco, il Vecchio |encyclopedia=[[Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani]] |volume=1 |year=1960 |first=Francesco |last=Giunta |location=Rome |url=http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/alagona-blasco-il-vecchio_(Dizionario_Biografico)/ |publisher=Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana}}</ref>
** "[[False Margaret]]", Norwegian noblewoman and [[pretender]] (b. [[1260]])<ref>{{Cite book|first=Knut|last=Helle|author-link=Knut Helle|chapter=Norwegian Foreign Policy and the Maid of Norway|volume=69|title=The Scottish Historical Review|publisher=Edinburgh University Press|year=1990|pages=142–156}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

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