Editing 1320

{{About year|1320}}
[[File:Władysław Łokietek.jpg|upright=1.00|thumb|[[Władysław I Łokietek|Władysław I]], King of Poland from 1320]]
{{Year nav|1320}}
{{C14 year in topic}} 
Year '''1320''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MCCCXX]]''') was a [[leap year starting on Tuesday]] of the [[Julian calendar]].

== Events ==
=== January &ndash; March ===
* [[January 5]] &ndash; [[Henry III, Count of Gorizia]], arrives in [[Padua]] as the Imperial Vicar with a large army, promising protection to the Italian city state.
* [[January 20]] &ndash; Duke [[Władysław I Łokietek]] ("Ladislaus the Short") becomes king of a reunited [[Poland]], after receiving the approval from [[Pope John XXII]]. He is crowned, along with his wife [[Jadwiga of Kalisz]], at the royal cathedral on [[Wawel Castle|Wawel Hill]] at [[Kraków]]. Wladysław's kingdom is surrounded by three hostile neighbors: [[Margraviate of Brandenburg|Brandenburg]], the [[State of the Teutonic Order|Teutonic Order]] and [[Kingdom of Bohemia|Bohemia]]. Looking for allies, he makes an alliance with [[Charles I of Hungary|Charles I]], ruler of [[Kingdom of Hungary (1301–1526)|Hungary]].
* [[February 15]] &ndash; Pope John XXII grants a mandate to the [[Archbishop of York]], [[William Melton]], to order restitution of confiscated [[Knights Templar]] property in England to the [[Knights Hospitaller]].<ref>J. Michael Jefferson, ''The Templar Estates in Lincolnshire, 1185-1565: Agriculture and Economy'' (Boydell Press, 2020) p.167</ref> 
* [[February 18]] &ndash; [[Walter de Stapledon]], Bishop of Exeter, becomes the new Lord High Treasurer of England.
* [[March 1]] &ndash; [[Ayurbarwada Buyantu Khan|Emperor Renzong of Yuan]] (China), the Mongol leader Ayurbarwada Buyantu Khan, dies after a reign of almost nine years.
* [[March 20]] (Easter Sunday) &ndash; [[Shepherds' Crusade (1320)|Shepherds' Crusade]] (Le Pastoureaux): In France, a large group of common people band together in Normandy to begin a crusade, after a teenage shepherd says he was visited by the [[Holy Spirit in Christianity|Holy Spirit]].<ref name=Dickson>"Shepherds' Crusade, Second (1320)", by Gary Dickson, in ''The Crusades to the Holy Land: The Essential Reference Guide'', ed. by Alan V. Murray (ABC-CLIO, 2015) pp.218-219</ref> They march south to [[Aquitaine]], attacking castles, royal officials, priests and lepers along the way. Jewish communes are attacked at [[Saintes, Charente-Maritime|Saintes]], [[Cahors]], [[Verdun-sur-Garonne]], [[Albi]] and [[Toulouse]]. When they finally cross into [[Spain]], Aragonese forces under Prince [[Alfonso IV of Aragon|Alfonso]] halt their advance.

=== April &ndash; June ===
* [[April 6]] &ndash; [[Declaration of Arbroath]]: King [[Robert the Bruce]] sends a letter to Pope John XXII. He asks him to recognize Scottish sovereignty, and Robert's right to be ruler of [[Kingdom of Scotland|Scotland]], hoping that he will lift the [[excommunication]] order under which Robert is being held for the death of [[John Comyn III of Badenoch|John Comyn III]].<ref>Scott, Ronald McNair (1999). ''Robert the Bruce: King of Scots'', p. 197. Canongate Books. {{ISBN|978-0-86241-616-4}}.</ref><ref>McLean, Iain (2005). ''State of the Union: Unionism and the Alternatives in the United Kingdom Since 1707'', p. 247. Oxford University Press. {{ISBN|978-0-19-925820-8}}.</ref> 
* [[April 19]] &ndash; [[Gegeen Khan]] (Prince Shidibala) becomes the new Mongol Emperor Yingzong of the Yuan dynasty of China after the death of his father, Emperor Renzong, on March 1.
* [[May 29]] &ndash; [[Pope John VIII of Alexandria]], leader of the [[Coptic Orthodox Church]], dies in Egypt after a reign of 20 years. He will be succeeded by [[Pope John IX of Alexandria|Pope John IX]]
* [[June 4]] &ndash; [[King Edward II of England]] appoints Lord Pembroke as keeper of the realm before traveling to France.<ref>James Conway Davies, ''The Baronial Opposition to Edward II Its Character and Policy: A Study in Administrative History'' (Cambridge University Press, 1918) p.439</ref>
* [[June 18]] &ndash; [[Ismail I of Granada#Consolidation|Treaty of Baena]]: Sultan Ismail I of Granada signs an 8-year truce with [[Kingdom of Castile|Castile]] at [[Baena]]. King [[James II of Aragon]], who receives papal authorization and funds for a crusade against the [[Emirate of Granada]] refuses to accept the treaty. Both parties promise to aid one another against their respective enemies. Meanwhile, Ismail consolidates the territories formally under his control with the emirate.<ref>Joseph F. O'Callaghan (2011). ''The Gibraltar Crusade: Castile and the Battle for the Strait'', p. 147. University of Pennsylvania Press. {{ISBN|978-0-8122-2302-6}}.</ref>
* [[June 19]] &ndash; [[Shepherds' Crusade (1320)|Shepherds' Crusade]]: Unnerved by the prospect of the arrival of the shepherds at Avignon to begin a crusade, Pope John XXII orders their dispersal.

=== July &ndash; September ===
*July &ndash; Shepherds' Crusade: Many followers are arrested and executed, after which there are no further incidents and the crusade disperses.<ref>Malcolm Barber (1981). "The Pastoureaux of 1320". ''Journal of Ecclesiastical History'' 32 (2) pp. 143–166.</ref>
*[[July 6]] &ndash;To strengthen the alliance between Hungary and Poland, and with the approval of Pope John XXII, [[Charles I of Hungary]] marries [[Elizabeth of Poland, Queen of Hungary|Princess Elizabeth of Poland]], the 15-year-old daughter [[Władysław I Łokietek|King Wladyslaw I]].<ref>Brzezinski, Richard (1990). ''History of Poland: The Piast Dynasty'', pp. 24–25. {{ISBN|83-7212-019-6}}.</ref>
* [[July 9]] &ndash; In India's [[Delhi Sultanate]], [[Qutbuddin Mubarak Shah]] is murdered by his favourite, [[Khusrau Khan]], who succeeds him on the throne.<ref name=Hywel>Hywel Williams (2005). ''Cassell's Chronology of World History'', p. 157. {{ISBN|0-304-35730-8}}.</ref>  
* [[August 4]] &ndash; [[William II de Soules]] confesses to treason before the Scottish Parliament at a hearing at the "Black Parliament" session held at Scone. For the crime of conspiring against King Robert, Soules is sentenced to life imprisonment at Dumbarton Castle.
* [[September 5]] &ndash; Delhi's Sultan [[Khusrau Khan]], who betrayed and murdered Qutbuddin Shah earlier in the year to become ruler in India, is himself betrayed and murdered by his governor, [[Ghiyath al-Din Tughluq]], who founds Delhi's [[Tughlaq dynasty]]. Sultan Ghiyath appoints military governors in [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] and [[Sindh]] province, who manage to halt Mongol incursions towards the sultanate.<ref name=Hywel/>
* [[September 9]] &ndash; [[Battle of Saint George]]: Byzantine forces under [[Andronikos Asen]] defeat the army of the [[Principality of Achaea]], securing the possession of [[Barony of Arcadia|Arcadia]]. During the battle, Latin commander [[Bartholomew II Ghisi]] is taken prisoner, along with several high-ranking nobles of the principality, and is sent to [[Constantinople]].<ref>Bon, Antoine (1969). ''La Morée franque. Recherches historiques, topographiques et archéologiques sur la principauté d'Achaïe'', p. 202. [''The Frankish Morea. Historical, Topographic and Archaeological Studies on the Principality of Achaea''] (in French). Paris: De Boccard. {{OCLC|869621129}}.</ref><ref>Ravegnano, Giorgio (2000). "GHISI, Bartolomeo". ''Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani'', Volume 54: ''Ghiselli-Gimma'' (in Italian). Rome: Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana. {{ISBN|978-8-81200032-6}}.</ref>
* [[September 28]] &ndash; [[Pope John IX of Alexandria]] is elected as the new spiritual leader of the [[Coptic Orthodox Church]], succeeding Pope John VIII.
* September 1320 - [[Sripada Sri Vallabha]], incarnation of Lord Datta, is born in [[Pithapuram|Pithapur]], Andhra Pradesh.

=== October &ndash; December ===
* [[October 12]] &ndash; [[Andronikos II Palaiologos]], who was co-ruler of Byzantium, becomes the sole ruler upon the death of his son [[Michael IX Palaiologos]]. Michael's son [[Andronikos III Palaiologos|Andronikos]] begins a rebellion against his grandfather emperor six months later.
* [[October 27]] &ndash; [[Magnus Birgersson (1300–1320)|Magnus Birgersson]], who had been the crown prince of Sweden until his father, [[Birger, King of Sweden|King Birger]] was forced to flee, is beheaded by order of King Magnus Eriksson. Magnus had defended the [[Stegeborg Castle]] in 1318 to allow his father to flee to safety. When the castle surrendered, it was under the condition that Magnus would not be harmed.<ref>[https://sok.riksarkivet.se/sbl/Presentation.aspx?id=10144 "Magnus Birgersson"], by Hans Gillingstam, in ''Svenskt biografiskt lexikon'' (Riksarkivet, 1982)</ref>

===Date unknown===
* Autumn &ndash; Byzantine forces under Andronikos Asen capture the Latin castles of [[Akova Castle|Akova]] and [[Karytaina]]. They secure control over Arcadia and [[Cynuria]] in the [[Peloponnese]].<ref>Topping, Peter (1975). "The Morea, 1311–1364". In Setton, Kenneth M.; Hazard, Harry W. (eds.). ''A History of the Crusades, Volume III: The Fourteenth  and Fifteenth Centuries'', p. 117. Madison and London: University of Wisconsin Press. {{ISBN|0-299-06670-3}}.</ref>
* [[Battle of Rhodes (1320)|Battle of Rhodes]]: The [[Knights Hospitaller]] defeat an attempt by the Turks of [[Menteshe]] to capture [[Rhodes]]. During the battle, a Turkish invasion fleet (some 80 ships) is destroyed by a smaller Hospitaller-Genoese fleet.<ref>Luttrell, Anthony (1975). "The Hospitallers at Rhodes, 1306–1421". In Setton, Kenneth M.; Hazard, Harry W. (eds.). ''A History of the Crusades, Volume III: The Fourteenth and Fifteenth Centuries'', pp. 288–289. Madison and London: University of Wisconsin Press. {{ISBN|0-299-06670-3}}.</ref>
* The [[Venetian Arsenal]], a dockyard for naval ships, is rebuilt, known as the ''Arsenale Nuovo''.
* [[Henri de Mondeville]], French surgeon and physician, writes ''La Chirurgie'', the first textbook on [[surgery]] by a Frenchmen.
* Approximate date &ndash; Earliest likely date for first permanent settlement of [[New Zealand]] by [[Māori people]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Walters|first1=Richard|last2=Buckley|first2=Hallie|last3=Jacomb|first3=Chris|last4=Matisoo-Smith|first4=Elizabeth|title=Mass Migration and the Polynesian Settlement of New Zealand|journal=Journal of World Prehistory|volume=30|issue=4|pages=351–376|url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10963-017-9110-y|doi=10.1007/s10963-017-9110-y|date=2017-10-07|accessdate=2025-03-29|doi-access=free}}</ref>

==Births==
* [[February 9]] &ndash; [[Catherine of Austria, Lady of Coucy|Catherine of Austria]], German noblewoman (d. [[1349]])
* [[April 8]] &ndash; [[Peter I of Portugal|Peter I the Cruel]], king of [[Kingdom of Portugal|Portugal]] (d. [[1367]])
* [[May 25]] &ndash; [[Toghon Temür]] (Emperor Huizong), Mongol emperor (d. [[1370]])
* [[October 13]] &ndash; [[Perenelle Flamel]], French female [[Alchemy|alchemist]] (d. [[1397]])
* ''date unknown''
** [[Adalbertus Ranconis de Ericinio]], Czech philosopher (d. [[1388]])
** [[Averardo de' Medici|Averardo de Medici]], Italian [[Nobility|nobleman]] (d. [[1363]])
** [[Beatrice of Bourbon, Queen of Bohemia|Beatrice of Bourbon]], queen consort of [[Kingdom of Bohemia|Bohemia]] (d. [[1383]])
** [[Bertrand du Guesclin]], Breton knight and general (d. [[1380]])
** [[Blanche of Namur|Blanka of Namur]], queen of [[Kingdom of Norway (872–1397)|Norway]] and [[Sweden]] (d.1363)
** [[Chen Youliang]], Chinese founder of [[Chen Han]] (d. 1363)<ref>Dreyer, Edward (1982). ''Early Ming China: A Political History''. Stanford: Stanford University Press. {{ISBN|0-8047-1105-4}}.</ref>
** [[Constantine Harmenopoulos]], Byzantine judge (d. [[1385]])<ref>Fögen, Marie Theres (1991). "Harmenopoulos, Constantine". In Kazhdan, Alexander (ed.). ''The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium'', p. 902. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. {{ISBN|0-19-504652-8}}.</ref>
** [[Gabriele Adorno]], Genoese nobleman and doge (d. 1383)
** [[Galeazzo II Visconti|Galeazzo II]], Italian nobleman ([[Visconti of Milan|House of Visconti]]) (d. [[1378]])
** [[Isabella, Countess of Fife|Isabella]], Scottish noblewoman ([[House of Stuart]]) (d. [[1389]])
** [[Jan of Czarnków]], Polish nobleman and diplomat (d. [[1387]])
** [[John Mohun, 2nd Baron Mohun|John Mohun V]], English nobleman and knight (d. [[1376]])
** [[John Twenge]], English preacher, canon and prior (d. [[1379]])
** [[Kitabatake Akinobu]], Japanese nobleman (''[[kuge]]'') (d. 1380)
** [[Lalleshwari]] (Lal Ded), Indian [[Mysticism|mystic]] and poet (d. [[1392]])
** [[Louis I of Naples|Louis I]], king of [[Kingdom of Naples|Naples]] ([[Capetian House of Anjou]]) (d. [[1362]])
** [[Michael Panaretos]], Byzantine historian and writer (d. [[1390]])
** [[Neil Loring]], English knight and diplomat (d. [[1386]])
** [[Nicholas Szécsi]], Hungarian nobleman and knight (d. 1387)<ref>Marko, Laszlo (2006). ''The High Officers of the Hungarian State from Saint Stephen to the Present Days – A Biographical Encyclopedia'' (2nd edition), p. 253. Budapest; {{ISBN|963-547-085-1}}.</ref> 
** [[Nicodemus of Tismana]], Byzantine monk and writer (d. [[1406]])
** [[Nijō Yoshimoto]], Japanese nobleman and [[Waka (poetry)|''waka'']] poet (d. 1388)
** [[Nissim of Gerona]], Spanish [[talmud]]ist and scholar (d. 1380) 
** [[Otto, Duke of Brunswick-Grubenhagen|Otto the Tarantine]], German nobleman and prince (d. [[1398]])
** [[Ragibagh Khan]] (Tianshun), Mongol emperor (d. [[1328]])
** [[Siemowit III, Duke of Masovia|Siemowit III]], Polish nobleman ([[Piast dynasty|House of Piast]]) (d. [[1381]])
** [[Ugolino Gonzaga]], Italian nobleman and knight (d. 1362)
**[[Valdemar IV Atterdag]], King of Denmark (d.1375)

== Deaths ==
* [[January 12]] &ndash; [[John Dalderby]], English bishop and chancellor<ref>{{cite book |last1=Childs |first1=Wendy R. |title=Vita Edwardi Secundi |date=February 3, 2005 |publisher=Clarendon Press |isbn=978-0-19-151530-9 |page=179 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xiWQDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA179 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[January 21]] &ndash; [[Árni Helgason (bishop)|Árni Helgason]], Icelandic cleric and bishop (b. [[1260]]) 
* [[February 7]] &ndash; [[Jan Muskata]], Polish bishop and chancellor (b. [[1250]])
* [[March 1]] &ndash; [[Ayurbarwada Buyantu Khan]], Mongol emperor (b. [[1285]])
* [[March 21]] &ndash; [[Wernher von Homberg]], Swiss nobleman and knight<ref>Friedrich Wilhelm Barthold. "Minnelieder des Grafen Wernher von Homberg" in: ''Der Römerzug König Heinrichs von Lützelburg'', pp. 72–80. Vol.2. (1831)</ref>
* [[April 13]] &ndash; [[Margaret of Castello]], Italian nun and teacher (b. [[1287]])
* [[April 24]] &ndash; [[Abu Said Faraj]], Nasrid advisor and governor (b. [[1248]])
* [[May 2]] &ndash; [[Joan Butler, Countess of Carrick|Joan Butler]] (Joan FitzGerald), Irish noblewoman (b. [[1281]])
* [[May 29]] &ndash; [[Pope John VIII of Alexandria|John VIII]], Egyptian pope of the [[Coptic Orthodox Church]] 
* [[June 5]] &ndash; [[Peter of Aspelt]], German priest, chancellor and archbishop 
* [[July 9]] &ndash; [[Qutbuddin Mubarak Shah]], Indian ruler of the [[Delhi Sultanate]]
* [[July 27]] &ndash; [[Heinrich von Plötzke]], German knight and marshal (b. [[1264]])
* [[October 12]] &ndash; [[Michael IX Palaiologos]], Byzantine emperor (b. [[1277]])
* [[October 31]] &ndash; [[Ricold of Monte Croce]], Italian [[missionary]] and writer<ref>Jackson, Peter (2016). ''The Mongols and the West, 1221–1410'', p. 176. Pearson Education Ltd. {{ISBN|0-582-36896-0}}.</ref>
* ''date unknown''
** [[Alessandro Novello]], Italian bishop and [[inquisitor]] (b. 1250)
** [[Anna Palaiologina (daughter of Michael IX)|Anna Palaiologina]], Byzantine princess and queen consort
** [[Antonius Andreas]], Spanish monk and theologian (b. [[1280]])
** [[Arnaud d'Aux]], French bishop and cardinal-bishop (b. [[1270]])
** [[Bernard Délicieux]], French monk, prior and priest (b. 1260)
** [[Chosgi Odsir]], Mongol monk, translator and writer (b. 1260)
** [[Dominic II Rátót]], Hungarian nobleman, knight and palatine
** [[Geoffrey of Paris]], French monk, chronicler and historian
** [[Henri de Mondeville]], French surgeon and physician
** [[Henry II, Margrave of Brandenburg-Stendal]] ("Henry the Child"), 12, ruler of Brandenburg
** [[Ilbasan]], Mongol ruler ([[Borjigin|House of Borjigin]])
** [[Li Kan (painter)|Li Kan]] (Zhong Bin), Chinese official and painter
** [[Mojs II Ákos]], Hungarian nobleman and rebel leader
** [[Nicholas de Balscote]], English judge and chancellor
** [[Olivier III de Clisson]], Breton nobleman and co-ruler
** [[Radulphus Brito]], French grammarian and philosopher
** [[Robert de Welles, 2nd Baron Welles|Robert de Welles]], English nobleman and landowner<ref>Doyle, J. W. E. (1886). ''The Official Baronage of England: Showing the Succession, Dignities, and Offices of Every Peer from 1066 to 1885, with Sixteen Hundred Illustrations'' (Vol. 3). Longmans, Green.</ref>
** [[Roger de Mowbray (died 1320)|Roger de Mowbray]], Scottish nobleman and landowner
** [[William III of Geneva|William III]], Burgundian nobleman and knight (b. 1280)
** [[Yasa'ur]], Mongol nobleman, prince and general (b. [[1289]])

== References ==
{{reflist}}

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