Editing 1492

{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2011}}
{{About year|1492}}
{{Year nav|1492}}
{{C15 year in topic}}Year '''1492''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MCDXCII]]''') was a [[leap year starting on Sunday]] of the [[Julian calendar]].

1492 is considered to be a significant year in the history of [[Western world|the West]], [[Europe]], [[Christianity]], [[Islam]], [[Judaism]], [[Spain]], and the [[New World]], among others, because of the number of significant events that took place.

The events which propelled the year into Western consciousness, listed below, include the completion of the [[Reconquista]] of Spain, Europe's (Spain) discovery of the [[New World]], and the [[expulsion of Jews from Spain]].

== Events ==
[[File:La Rendición de Granada - Pradilla.jpg|thumb|right|[[January 2]] &ndash; [[Muhammad XII of Granada|Muhammad XII]], last [[Moors|Moorish]] [[Emirate of Granada|Emir of Granada]], surrenders his city to the army of [[Catholic Monarchs|Ferdinand and Isabella]].]]
[[File:Columbus Taking Possession.jpg|thumb|[[October 12]] &ndash; [[Christopher Columbus|Columbus]] reaches the Americas for Spain.]]<onlyinclude>

=== Known dates ===
* [[January 2]] &ndash; [[Fall of Granada]]: [[Muhammad XII of Granada|Muhammad XII]], the last [[Emirate of Granada|Emir of Granada]], surrenders his city to the army of the [[Catholic Monarchs]] ([[Ferdinand II of Aragon]] and [[Isabella I of Castile]]) after a lengthy siege, ending the ten-year [[Granada War]] and the centuries-long [[Reconquista]], and bringing an end to 780 years of [[Islam|Muslim]] control in [[Al-Andalus]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Elizabeth Nash|title=Seville, Cordoba, and Granada: A Cultural History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vVA1reAI7w0C&pg=PA219|date=13 October 2005|publisher=Oxford University Press, USA|isbn=978-0-19-518204-0|pages=219}}</ref>
* [[January 6]] &ndash; Ferdinand and Isabella enter [[Granada]].<ref>{{cite journal |url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com.es/historia/grandes-reportajes/los-reyes-catolicos-conquistan-granada_6778 |title=La conquista de Granada por los Reyes Católicos |date=16 November 2012 |access-date=26 October 2018 |journal=[[National Geographic]]}}</ref>
* [[January 15]] &ndash; [[Christopher Columbus]] meets Ferdinand and Isabella at the [[Alcázar de los Reyes Cristianos]] in [[Córdoba, Andalusia]], and persuades them to support his Atlantic voyage intended to find a new route to the [[East Indies]].
* [[January 16]] &ndash; [[Antonio de Nebrija]] publishes ''[[Gramática de la lengua castellana]]'', the first grammar text for the Castilian [[Spanish language]], in [[Salamanca]], which he introduces to the [[Catholic Monarchs]], [[Isabella I of Castile]] and [[Ferdinand II of Aragon]], newly restored to power in [[Andalusia]], as "a tool of empire".
* [[January 23]] &ndash; The ''[[Pentateuch]]'' is first printed.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OMlT-FViF40C&pg=PA283|title=Hebrew Bible / Old Testament: The History of Its Interpretation: II: From the Renaissance to the Enlightenment|first1=Christianus|last1=Brekelmans|first2=Magne|last2=Saebo|first3=Magne|last3=Sæbø|first4=Menahem|last4=Haran|first5=Michael A.|last5=Fishbane|first6=Jean Louis|last6=Ska|first7=Peter|last7=Machinist|publisher=[[Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht]]|year=1996|page=283|isbn=9783525539828}}</ref>
* February 1 &ndash; Discovery of the [[Titulus Crucis]] relic during renovation of [[Santa Croce in Gerusalemme]] Church in Rome.
* [[March 31]] &ndash; Ferdinand and Isabella sign the [[Alhambra Decree]], expelling all Jews from Spain unless they convert to [[Roman Catholicism]].
* [[April 17]] &ndash; The [[Capitulations of Santa Fe]] are signed between [[Christopher Columbus]] and the [[Crown of Castile]], agreeing on arrangements for his forthcoming voyage.
* [[June 7]] &ndash; [[Casimir IV Jagiellon]], of the [[Jagiellonian dynasty|Jagiellon]] Royal House, dies, ending his reign over Poland and Lithuania.
* [[June 8]] &ndash; [[Elizabeth Woodville]], the last living [[Yorkist]] queen consort, dies in England.
* [[August 2]]
** [[Expulsion of Jews from Spain|The Jews are expelled from Spain]]; 40,000–200,000 leave. Sultan [[Bayezid II]] of the [[Ottoman Empire]], learning of this, dispatches the [[Ottoman Navy]] to bring the Jews safely to Ottoman lands, mainly  to the cities of [[Thessaloniki]] (in modern-day Greece) and [[İzmir]] (in modern-day [[Turkey]]);<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/vjw/Turkey.html|title=Turkey Virtual Jewish History Tour|website=www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org}}</ref> others settle in [[Sarajevo]].
** The [[Genoa|Genoese]] navigator [[Christopher Columbus]] sails with three ships from [[Palos de la Frontera]], in the service of the [[Crown of Castile]], on his [[Voyages of Christopher Columbus#First voyage (1492–1493)|first voyage]] across the Atlantic Ocean, intending to reach Asia.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Probing Question: Was Christopher Columbus Jewish? |publisher=Penn State University |url=https://www.psu.edu/news/research/story/probing-question-was-christopher-columbus-jewish/ |access-date=2023-05-16 |website=www.psu.edu |language=en}}</ref>
* [[August 11]] &ndash; [[Pope Alexander VI]] succeeds [[Pope Innocent VIII]] as the 214th pope, after the [[Papal conclave, 1492|1492 papal conclave]], the first held in the [[Sistine Chapel]].
* [[September 6]] &ndash; [[Christopher Columbus]] sails from [[La Gomera]] in the [[Canary Islands]], his final port of call before crossing the Atlantic Ocean for the first time.
* [[October 3]] &ndash; [[Kingdom of England|English]] army [[Siege of Boulogne (1492)|besieges Boulogne]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Palmer|first1=Alan|last2=Palmer |first2=Veronica|year=1992|title=The Chronology of British History|publisher=Century Ltd|location=London|pages=135–138|isbn=0-7126-5616-2}}</ref>
* [[October 12]] &ndash; [[Christopher Columbus]]' expedition makes landfall in the Caribbean and lands on [[Guanahani]], which he calls San Salvador, believing he has reached the [[East Indies]].
* [[October 28]] &ndash; Christopher Columbus lands in [[Holguín_Province|Holguín]], [[Cuba]].
* [[November 3]] &ndash; The [[Peace of Étaples]] is signed between England and France, ending French support for [[Perkin Warbeck]], the pretender to the [[English throne]]. All English-held territory in France (with the exception of [[Calais]]) is returned to France.<ref name="Cassell's Chronology">{{cite book|last=Williams|first=Hywel|title=Cassell's Chronology of World History|url=https://archive.org/details/cassellschronolo0000will|url-access=registration|location=London|publisher=Weidenfeld & Nicolson|year=2005|isbn=0-304-35730-8|pages=[https://archive.org/details/cassellschronolo0000will/page/189 189]–192}}</ref>
* [[November 7]] &ndash; The [[Ensisheim (meteorite)|Ensisheim meteorite]], a {{convert|127|kg|lb|abbr=on}} [[meteorite]], lands in a wheat field near the village of [[Ensisheim]] in [[Alsace]].
* [[December 5]] &ndash; Christopher Columbus becomes the first European to set foot on the island of [[Hispaniola]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Lawrence M. Greenberg|title=United States Army Unilateral and Coalition Operations in the 1965 Dominican Republic Intervention|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-QQQAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA1|year=1987|publisher=Analysis Branch, U.S. Army Center of Military History|pages=1}}</ref>
* [[December 25]] &ndash; Columbus' ship ''[[Santa María (ship)|Santa María]]'' runs aground off [[Cap-Haïtien]], and is lost.

=== Unknown dates===
* [[Martin Behaim]] constructs the first surviving globe of Earth, the [[Erdapfel]]. As Columbus would only return from his voyage in [[1493]], this globe does not show the New World yet.
* The first [[arboretum]] to be designed and planted is the [[Trsteno Arboretum|Arboretum Trsteno]], near [[Dubrovnik]] in current-day [[Croatia]].
* Russians build the [[Ivangorod Fortress]], on the eastern banks of the [[Narva River]].
* In [[Ming dynasty]] China, the commercial transportation of grain to the northern border, in exchange for salt certificates, is monetized.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Puk Wing-kin |title=The Rise and Fall of a Public Debt Market in 16th-Century China: The Story of the Ming Salt Certificate |date=20 November 2015 |isbn=9789004306400 |page=48 |publisher=BRILL |access-date=23 August 2020 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mnLsCgAAQBAJ}}</ref>
* [[Ermysted's Grammar School]], [[Skipton]], [[North Yorkshire]], is founded.
* [[Marsilio Ficino]] publishes his translation and commentary of [[Plotinus]].
* [[Stiegl]] brewery first recorded in [[Salzburg]].</onlyinclude>

== Births ==
[[File:Marguerite_d%27Angoul%C3%AAme.jpg|thumb|110px|Queen [[Marguerite de Navarre]]]]
[[File:Sabine of Bavaria-Munich.jpg|thumb|100px|Duchess [[Sabina of Bavaria]]]]
* [[January 22]] &ndash; [[Beatrix of Baden]], Margravine of Baden, Countess Palatine consort of Simmern (d. [[1535]])
* [[March 4]] &ndash; [[Francesco de Layolle]], Italian composer (d. c. [[1540]])
* [[March 21]] &ndash; [[John II, Count Palatine of Simmern]], Count Palatine of Simmern (1509-1557) (d. [[1557]])
* [[March 27]] &ndash; [[Adam Ries]], German mathematician (d. [[1559]])
* [[April 4]] &ndash; [[Ambrosius Blarer]], influential reformer in southern Germany and north-eastern Switzerland (d. [[1564]])
* [[April 6]] &ndash; [[Maud Green]], English noble (d. [[1531]])
* [[April 11]] &ndash; [[Marguerite de Navarre]], queen of [[Henry II of Navarre]] (d. [[1549]])<ref>{{cite book|author=A. J. Krailsheimer|title=Three Sixteenth-century Conteurs|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dZxcAAAAMAAJ|year=1966|publisher=Oxford University Press|page=11}}</ref>
* [[April 20]] &ndash; [[Pietro Aretino]], Italian author (d. [[1556]])
* [[April 24]] &ndash; Duchess [[Sabina of Bavaria, Duchess of Württemberg|Sabina of Bavaria]] (d. [[1564]])
* [[May 8]] &ndash; [[Andrea Alciato]], Italian jurist and writer (d. [[1550]])
* [[June 4]] &ndash; [[Hirate Masahide]], Japanese retainer and tutor of [[Oda Nobunaga]] (d. [[1553]])
* [[August 1]] &ndash; [[Wolfgang, Prince of Anhalt-Köthen]], German prince (d. [[1566]])
* [[August 8]] &ndash; [[Matteo Tafuri]], Italian alchemist (d. [[1582]])
* [[September 12]] &ndash; [[Lorenzo de' Medici, Duke of Urbino]] (d. [[1519]])<ref>{{cite web |title=Lorenzo di Piero de' Medici, duca di Urbino {{!}} Italian ruler |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Lorenzo-di-Piero-de-Medici-duca-di-Urbino |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |access-date=18 January 2021 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[September 29]] &ndash; [[Chamaraja Wodeyar III]], King of Mysore (d. [[1553]])
* [[October 1]] &ndash; [[Georg Rörer]], German theologian (d. [[1557]])
* [[October 11]] &ndash; [[Charles Orlando, Dauphin of France]], French noble (d. [[1495]])
* [[October 30]] &ndash; [[Anne d'Alençon]], French noblewoman (d. [[1562]])
* [[November 12]] &ndash; [[Johan Rantzau]], German general (d. [[1565]])
* [[November 27]] &ndash; [[Donato Giannotti]], Italian writer (d. [[1573]])
* ''date unknown''
** [[Argula von Grumbach]], German Protestant reformer (d. [[1554]]) 
** [[Berchtold Haller]], Swiss reformer (d. [[1536]])
** [[Amago Kunihisa]], Japanese nobleman (d. [[1554]])
** [[Giacomo Aconcio]], Italian pioneer of religious tolerance (d. [[1566]])
** [[Edward Wotton (zoologist)|Edward Wotton]], English physician and zoologist (d. [[1555]])
* ''probable''
** [[Thomas Manners, 1st Earl of Rutland]] (d. [[1543]])
** [[Fernán Pérez de Oliva]], Spanish man of letters (d. [[1531]])
** [[Polidoro da Caravaggio]], Italian painter (d. [[1543]])
** [[Bernal Díaz del Castillo]], Spanish historian (d. [[1584]])

== Deaths ==
[[File:Verrocchio_Lorenzo_de_Medici.jpg|thumb|120px|[[Lorenzo de' Medici]]]]
[[File:Casimir_IV_Jagiellon.PNG|thumb|120px|King [[Casimir IV Jagiellon]]]]
[[File:Innocent_VIII_1492.JPG|thumb|120px|[[Pope Innocent VIII]]]]
[[File:RostroBeatrizSilva.jpg|thumb|120px|Saint [[Beatrice of Silva]]]]
* [[January 25]] &ndash; [[Ygo Gales Galama]], Frisian warlord and freedom-fighting rebel (murdered) (b. [[1443]])
* [[April 8]] &ndash; [[Lorenzo de' Medici]], ruler of Florence (b. [[1449]])<ref>{{cite news |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PW-vAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA122 |title=Humanism and Renaissance Historiography |first=E. B |last=Fryde |publisher=[[A&C Black]] |date=1 July 1984 |page=122 |isbn=9780826427502}}</ref>
* [[March 19]] &ndash; [[Philip II, Count of Nassau-Weilburg]] (1429–1492) (b. [[1418]])
* c. [[May 21]] &ndash; [[John de la Pole, 2nd Duke of Suffolk]] (b. [[1442]])
* [[June 7]]  &ndash; [[Casimir IV Jagiellon]], King of Poland (b. [[1427]])
* [[June 8]] &ndash; [[Elizabeth Woodville]], Queen of [[Edward IV of England]] (b. [[1437]])<ref>{{cite book|author=David Williamson|title=Debrett's Kings and Queens of Britain|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1XdnAAAAMAAJ|year=1986|publisher=Webb & Bower|isbn=978-0-86350-101-2|page=97}}</ref>
* [[July 1]] &ndash; [[Henry the Younger of Poděbrady]], Bohemian nobleman (b. [[1452]])
* [[July 25]] &ndash; [[Pope Innocent VIII]] (b. [[1432]])<ref>{{cite book|author=Kenneth Meyer Setton|title=The Papacy and the Levant, 1204-1571|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0Sz2VYI0l1IC&pg=PA431|year=1976|publisher=American Philosophical Society|isbn=978-0-87169-127-9|pages=431}}</ref>
* [[August 9]] &ndash; [[Beatrice of Silva]], Spanish [[Dominican Order|Dominican]] and [[Roman Catholic]] nun and a saint
* [[September 20]] &ndash; [[Anne Neville, Countess of Warwick]] (b. [[1426]])
* [[September 23]] &ndash; [[Peter Courtenay (bishop)|Peter Courtenay]], English bishop and politician
* [[October 12]] &ndash; [[Piero della Francesca]], Italian artist (b. c. [[1412]])<ref>{{cite book|author=Pietro Allegretti|title=Piero Della Francesca|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KkA3AQAAIAAJ|year=2006|publisher=Random House Incorporated|isbn=978-0-8478-2810-4|page=76}}</ref>
* [[October 25]] &ndash; [[Thaddeus McCarthy]], Irish bishop (b. c. [[1455]])
* [[November 6]] &ndash; [[Antoine Busnois]], French composer and poet (b. c. [[1430]])
* [[November 9]] &ndash; [[Jami]], Persian poet (b. [[1414]])
* [[November 24]] &ndash; [[Loys of Gruuthuse]], Earl of [[Winchester]] (b. c. [[1427]])

===Exact date unknown===
* [[Ali al-Jabarti]],  Somali scholar and politician
* [[Baccio Pontelli]], Italian architect (b. c. [[1450]])
* [[Dhammazedi]], Burmese king of [[Hanthawaddy Kingdom|Hanthawaddy]] (b. [[1409]])
* [[Eric Clauesson]], Swedish Norse pagan
* [[Satal Rathore of Marwar|Satal Rathore]], Rao of Marwar
* [[Sonni Ali]], Songhai ruler

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cite web |publisher=[[Digital Public Library of America]] |title=1492 |work=Timeline |url=http://dp.la/timeline#1492 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20140606191913/http://dp.la/timeline%231492#1492|archive-date=June 6, 2014 |url-status=dead|location=USA }}

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