Editing 1495

{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2011}}
{{About year|1495}}
{{Year nav|1495}}
{{C15 year in topic}}Year '''1495''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MCDXCV]]''') was a [[common year starting on Thursday]] of the [[Julian calendar]].

== Events ==
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=== January&ndash;December ===
* [[February]] &ndash; [[King's College, Aberdeen]], predecessor of the [[University of Aberdeen]] in [[Scotland]], is founded on the petition of [[William Elphinstone]], [[Bishop of Aberdeen]]. It is the first [[English language|English]]-speaking university to teach medicine.
* [[February 22]] &ndash; [[Italian War of 1494–98]]: King [[Charles VIII of France]] enters [[Naples]], to claim the city's throne. A few months later, he decides to return to France, and leaves Naples with most of his army, leaving a force under his cousin [[Gilbert, Count of Montpensier]] as viceroy. [[Syphilis]] is first definitely recorded in Europe during this invasion.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Farhi|first1=David|last2=Dupin|first2=Nicolas|title=Origins of syphilis and management in the immunocompetent patient: facts and controversies|journal=[[Clinics in Dermatology]]|date=September–October 2010|volume=28|issue=5|pages=533–538|pmid=20797514|doi=10.1016/j.clindermatol.2010.03.011}}</ref> (perhaps from French forces who may have contacted Croats fleeing an Ottoman army in the east).
* [[May 26]] &ndash; A Spanish army under [[Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba]] lands in [[Calabria]], with the purpose of ousting the French and restoring [[Ferdinand II of Naples]] to the throne.
* [[June 1]] &ndash; Brother [[John Cor]] of [[Lindores Abbey]] pays duty on 8 bolls of malt to the [[Exchequer#Exchequer in Scotland|Exchequer in Scotland]] to make aqua vitae for [[King James IV]]; the record in the Exchequer Rolls is the first written reference to [[Scotch whisky]]. 
* [[June 28]] &ndash; [[Battle of Seminara]]: Córdoba and Ferdinand are defeated by a French army under [[Bernard Stewart, Lord of Aubigny]].
* [[July 3]] &ndash; [[Battle of Deal]]: [[Perkin Warbeck]]'s troops land in [[Kent]], in support of his claim to the [[English crown]], backed by [[Margaret of York|Margaret of York, Duchess of Burgundy]]. They are routed before Warbeck himself can disembark, and he retreats to [[Ireland]] and then to Scotland.
* [[July 6]] &ndash; [[Battle of Fornovo]]: The French army under King Charles secures its retreat from Italy, by defeating a combined Milanese-Venetian force under Giovanni Francesco Gonzaga, Marquis of [[Mantua]].
* Summer &ndash; [[John, King of Denmark]], sets sail for [[Kalmar]], [[Sweden]], to negotiate with [[Sten Sture the Elder]] to restore the power of the [[Kalmar Union]]. However, his flagship, ''[[Gribshunden]]'', catches fire and sinks off the coast of [[Ronneby]] with loss of life, and he is forced to abandon the mission.
* [[October 25]] &ndash; King [[Manuel I of Portugal]] begins his reign.
* [[November 30]] &ndash; An explosion at [[Vyborg Castle]] deters the [[Principality of Moscow|Russian]] forces, who have invaded Sweden through [[Karelia]].

=== Date unknown ===

[[File:Reiszug, Hohensalzburg.jpg|thumb|[[Reisszug]], as it appeared in 2011]]
* The oldest extant [[cable railway]] is probably the [[Reisszug]], a private line providing goods access to [[Hohensalzburg Fortress]] at [[Salzburg]] in Austria. This line is generally described as the oldest [[funicular]].<ref name=fm1>{{cite web | url = http://www.funimag.com/funimag10/RESZUG01.HTM | title = Der Reiszug – Part 1 – Presentation | publisher=Funimag | access-date = 22 April 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | first = Reinhard | last = Kriechbaum | url = http://www.die-tagespost.de/Archiv/titel_anzeige.asp?ID=8916 | title = Die große Reise auf den Berg | work = der Tagespost | date = 15 May 2004 | access-date = 22 April 2009 | language = de | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://archive.today/20120628225245/http://www.die-tagespost.de/Archiv/titel_anzeige.asp?ID=8916 | archive-date = 28 June 2012 | df = dmy-all }}</ref>
* [[Poynings' Law (on certification of acts)|Poynings' Law]] comes into effect, placing the [[Parliament of Ireland]] under the authority of the [[Parliament of England]].<ref>{{cite book|editor1=Moody, T. W. |editor2=Martin, F. X.|year=1967|title=The Course of Irish History|publisher=Mercier Press|location=Cork|page=370}}</ref>
* The ''[[Reichskammergericht]]'' of the [[Holy Roman Empire]] is founded in [[Frankfurt]].
* [[Henry VII of England]] commissions the world's first [[dry dock]], at [[HMNB Portsmouth|Portsmouth]].
* [[Piero Pacini da Pescia]] publishes ''Epistles, Gospels, and Popular Readings'' in the Tuscan Language<ref name="WDL">{{cite web |url = http://www.wdl.org/en/item/11360/ |title = Epistles, Gospels, and Popular Readings in the Tuscan Language |website = [[World Digital Library]] |date = June 27, 1495 |access-date = September 4, 2013 }}</ref>
</onlyinclude>

== Births ==
* [[January 26]] &ndash; [[Emperor Go-Nara]] of Japan (d. [[1557]])
* [[February 4]]
** [[Francesco II Sforza]], Duke of Milan (d. [[1535]])
** [[Jean Parisot de Valette]], Grand Master of the Knights Hospitaller (d. [[1568]])
* [[February 13]] &ndash; [[Giacomo Puteo]], Spanish cardinal (d. [[1563]])
* [[March 6]] &ndash; [[Luigi Alamanni]], Italian poet and statesman (d. [[1556]])
* [[March 8]] &ndash; [[John of God]], Portuguese friar and saint (d. [[1550]])
* [[March 26]] &ndash; [[Michele Antonio, Marquess of Saluzzo]] (d. [[1528]])
* [[March 29]] &ndash; [[Leonhard Päminger]], Austrian composer (d. [[1567]])
* [[April 16]] &ndash; [[Petrus Apianus]], German humanist (d. [[1552]])
* [[August 1]] &ndash; [[Jan van Scorel]], Dutch painter (d. [[1562]])
* [[August 24]] &ndash; [[Otto I, Duke of Brunswick-Harburg]], Prince of Lüneburg and Baron of Harburg (d. [[1549]])
* [[September 18]] &ndash; [[Louis X, Duke of Bavaria]], German noble (d. [[1545]])
* [[September 20]] &ndash; [[Gian Matteo Giberti]], Catholic bishop (d. [[1543]])
* [[September 23]] &ndash; [[Bagrat III of Imereti]], King of Imereti (d. [[1565]])
* [[September 24]] &ndash; [[Barbara of Brandenburg-Ansbach-Kulmbach]], Landgravine of Leuchtenberg (d. [[1552]])
* [[November 1]] &ndash; [[Erhard Schnepf]], German theologian (d. [[1558]])
* [[November 21]] &ndash; [[John Bale]], English churchman (d. [[1563]])<ref>{{cite web |title=John Bale {{!}} English bishop and author |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Bale |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |access-date=28 April 2019 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[December 5]] &ndash; [[Nicolas Cleynaerts]], Flemish grammarian (d. [[1542]])
* ''date unknown''
** [[Robert Barnes (martyr)|Robert Barnes]], English reformer and martyr (d. [[1540]])
** [[Cuauhtémoc]], 11th ''[[Tlatoani]]'' (emperor) of [[Tenochtitlan]] (modern Mexico City), 1520-1521 (d. [[1525]])<ref>{{cite web |title=Cuauhtémoc|url=https://www.biografiasyvidas.com/biografia/c/cuauhtemoc.htm|publisher=Biografias y Vidas|access-date=June 1, 2019|language=es}}</ref>
** [[Thomas Wharton, 1st Baron Wharton]] (d. [[1568]])
* ''probable''
** [[Pedro de Alvarado]], Spanish conquistador (d. [[1541]])
** [[Marie Dentière]], Genevan Protestant reformer and theologian (d. [[1561]])
** [[Costanzo Festa]], Italian composer (d. [[1545]])
** [[Nicolas Gombert]], Flemish composer (d. [[1560]])

== Deaths ==
* [[January 11]] &ndash; [[Pedro González de Mendoza]], Spanish cardinal and statesman (b. [[1428]])
* [[January 21]] &ndash; [[Magdalena of France]], French princess and regent of Navarre (b. [[1443]])
* [[February 25]] &ndash; [[Sultan Cem]], pretender to the Ottoman throne (b. [[1459]])
* [[May 31]] &ndash; [[Cecily Neville]], English duchess, mother of [[Edward IV of England]] and [[Richard III of England]] (b. [[1415]])
* [[September]] &ndash; [[Vlad Călugărul]], Wallachian half-brother of [[Vlad III]] (The Impaler)
* [[September 14]] &ndash; [[Elizabeth Tudor (1492–1495)|Elizabeth Tudor]], English princess, daughter of [[Henry VII of England]] (b. [[1492]])
* [[October 25]] &ndash; King [[John II of Portugal]] (b. [[1455]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Hourihane |first1=Colum |title=The Grove Encyclopedia of Medieval Art and Architecture |date=2012 |publisher=OUP USA |isbn=9780195395365 |page=217 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FtlMAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA217|language=en}}</ref>
* [[October 30]] &ndash; [[Francis, Count of Vendome]] (b. [[1470]])
* [[December 16]] &ndash; [[Charles Orlando, Dauphin of France]], French noble (b. [[1492]])
* [[December 18]] &ndash; King [[Alphonso II of Naples]] (b. [[1448]])
* [[December 21]] &ndash; [[Jasper Tudor, 1st Duke of Bedford]] (b. c. [[1431]])

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

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