Editing 14 Herculis

{{Short description|Star in the constellation Hercules}}
{{Starbox begin 
| name = 14 Herculis
}} 
{{Starbox observe 
| epoch = J2000.0
| constell = [[Hercules (constellation)|Hercules]]
| ra = {{RA|16|10|24.31568}}<ref name="GaiaDR3"/>
| dec = {{DEC|+43|49|03.5074}}<ref name="GaiaDR3"/>
| appmag_v = +6.61<ref name=Anderson2012/>
}} 
{{Starbox character 
| class = K0&nbsp;V<ref name=perkins1989/>
| b-v = {{Val|0.877|0.006}}<ref name=Anderson2012/>
| u-b = 
| variable = 
}} 
{{Starbox astrometry 
| radial_v = {{Val|−13.87|0.08}}<ref name=Anderson2012/>
| prop_mo_ra = {{val|131.745|(28)}}
| prop_mo_dec = {{val|−297.025|(37)}}
| pm_footnote = <ref name="GaiaDR3"/>
| parallax = 55.8657
| p_error = 0.0291
| parallax_footnote = <ref name="GaiaDR3"/>
| absmag_v = +5.39<ref name=Anderson2012/>
}}  
{{Starbox detail
| source = <ref name="Gagliuffi2021"/>
| mass = {{val|0.98|0.04}}
| radius = {{val|0.97|0.02}}
| luminosity = {{val|0.6256|0.0077}}<ref name="von Braun2014"/>
| gravity = 4.46
| temperature = {{val|fmt=commas|5310|30}}
| metal_fe = {{val|0.43|0.07}}
| age_gyr = {{val|3.6|2.0}}<ref name=Bonfanti2015/>
| rotational_velocity = 1.65
| rotation = 29.5 d
}} 
{{Starbox catalog 
| names = {{odlist | F=14&nbsp;Her | BD=+44°2549 | GJ=614 | HD=145675 | HIP=79248 | SAO=45933 | LTT=14816}}<ref name=SIMBAD>{{cite simbad | title=14 Her | access-date=2018-02-18 }}</ref>
}} 
{{Starbox reference
| Simbad = HD+145675
}}
{{Starbox end}}

'''14 Herculis''' or '''14 Her''' is a [[K-type main-sequence star]] {{convert|58.4|ly|pc|lk=on|abbr=off}} away in the [[constellation]] [[Hercules (constellation)|Hercules]]. It is also known as HD 145675. Because of its [[apparent magnitude]], of 6.61 the star can be very faintly seen with the [[naked eye]]. As of 2021, 14 Herculis is known to host two [[exoplanet]]s in orbit around the star.<ref name="Gagliuffi2021"/>

== Stellar properties ==
14 Herculis is an [[orange dwarf]] [[star]] of the [[spectral type]] K0V. The star has about 98 percent of the [[mass]], 97 percent of the [[radius]], and only 67 percent of the [[luminosity]] of the [[Sun]].  The star appears to be 2.7 times as enriched with elements heavier than [[hydrogen]] (based on its abundance of [[iron]]), in comparison to the Sun.<ref name="Gagliuffi2021"/> It may have been the most metal rich star known as of 2001.<ref>[https://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/pdf/2001/07/aah2231.pdf S. Feltzing and G. Gonzalez, "The nature of super-metal-rich stars* Detailed abundance analysis of 8 super-metal-rich star candidates", 2001]</ref>

== Planetary system ==
In 1998 a planet, [[14 Herculis b]] was discovered orbiting 14 Herculis via [[Doppler spectroscopy|radial velocity]].<ref name="press release"/><ref>{{cite conference|author=Mayor, M.|title=Searching for giant planets at the Haute-Provence Observatory|conference=IAU Colloqu. 170|book-title=Precise Stellar Radial Velocities|editor= Hearnshaw, J. B.|editor2= Scarfe, C. D.|date=1998|publisher=ASP|location=San Francisco|display-authors=etal}}</ref> This was formally published in 2003.<ref name="Butler2003"/> The planet has an eccentric orbit with a period of 4.8 years.<ref name="wittenmyer"/> In 2005, a possible second planet was proposed, designated [[14 Herculis c]].<ref name="Gozdziewski2006"/> The parameters of this planet were very uncertain, but an initial analysis suggested that it was in the 4:1 [[orbital resonance|resonance]] with the inner planet, with an orbital period of almost 19 years at an orbital distance of 6.9 AU.<ref name="wittenmyer"/> The existence of the planet 14 Herculis c was confirmed in 2021, along with a rough orbit determination.<ref name=Rosenthal2021/>

A 2021 study combining radial velocity and [[astrometry]] found that the planetary orbits are not coplanar, which may indicate a strong planet-planet scattering event in the past.<ref name="Gagliuffi2021"/> Subsequent astrometric studies have found differing results; a 2022 study found inclinations consistent with aligned orbits,<ref name="Feng2022"/> while a 2023 study again found misaligned orbits.<ref name="Benedict2023"/> The latter study also found signs of a third candidate planet with a period of about 10 years, but this signal is most likely related to the star's magnetic activity cycle.<ref name="Benedict2023"/>

Direct imaging of the outer planet 14 Herculis c with the [[James Webb Space Telescope]] is planned.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.stsci.edu/jwst/science-execution/program-information.html?id=3337 |title=Solving a Solar Neighborhood Crime Scene by Imaging 14 Her c |publisher=[[Space Telescope Science Institute|STScI]] |access-date=29 May 2023}}</ref>

{{OrbitboxPlanet begin
| table_ref = <ref name="Gagliuffi2021"/><ref name="Benedict2023"/>
| period_unit = year
}}
{{OrbitboxPlanet
| exoplanet = [[14 Herculis b|b]]
| mass = {{val|8.5|1.0|0.8}}
| period = {{val|4.8393|0.0006}}
| semimajor = {{val|2.845|0.038|0.039}}
| eccentricity = {{val|0.372|0.001}}
| inclination = {{val|35.7|3.2}}
}}
{{OrbitboxPlanet
| exoplanet = [[14 Herculis c|c]]
| mass = {{val|7.1|1.0|0.6}}
| period = {{val|142.8|2.8}}
| semimajor = {{val|27.4|16|7.9}}
| eccentricity = {{val|0.65|0.06}}
| inclination = {{val|82|14}}
}}
{{Orbitbox end}}

== See also ==
* [[47 Ursae Majoris]]
* [[List of stars in Hercules]]
* [[Lists of exoplanets]]

== References ==
{{reflist|refs=

<ref name="GaiaDR3">{{Cite Gaia DR3|1385293808145621504}}</ref>

<ref name="von Braun2014">{{cite journal | title=Stellar diameters and temperatures - V. 11 newly characterized exoplanet host stars | last1=von Braun | first1=Kaspar | last2=Boyajian | first2=Tabetha S. | last3=van Belle | first3=Gerard T. | last4=Kane | first4=Stephen R. | last5=Jones | first5=Jeremy | last6=Farrington | first6=Chris | last7=Schaefer | first7=Gail | last8=Vargas | first8=Norm | last9=Scott | first9=Nic | last10=ten Brummelaar | first10=Theo A. | last11=Kephart | first11=Miranda | last12=Gies | first12=Douglas R. | last13=Ciardi | first13=David R. | last14=López-Morales | first14=Mercedes | last15=Mazingue | first15=Cassidy | last16=McAlister | first16=Harold A. | last17=Ridgway | first17=Stephen | last18=Goldfinger | first18=P. J. | last19=Turner | first19=Nils H. | last20=Sturmann | first20=Laszlo | display-authors=1 | journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society | volume=438 | issue=3 | pages=2413–2425 | year=2014 | arxiv=1312.1792 | bibcode=2014MNRAS.438.2413V | doi=10.1093/mnras/stt2360 | doi-access=free }}</ref>

<ref name=Bonfanti2015>{{cite journal
 | last1=Bonfanti | first1=A. | last2=Ortolani | first2=S.
 | last3=Piotto | first3=G. | last4=Nascimbeni | first4=V.
 | title=Revising the ages of planet-hosting stars
 | journal=Astronomy & Astrophysics | display-authors=1
 | volume=575 | issue=A18 | pages=17 | date=2015
 | doi=10.1051/0004-6361/201424951 | bibcode=2015A&A...575A..18B
 | arxiv=1411.4302 | s2cid=54555839 }}</ref>

<ref name=Anderson2012>{{citation
 | title=XHIP: An extended hipparcos compilation
 | last1=Anderson | first1=E. | last2=Francis | first2=Ch.
 | journal=Astronomy Letters
 | volume=38 | issue=5 | pages=331 | year=2012
 | bibcode=2012AstL...38..331A | doi=10.1134/S1063773712050015
 | arxiv=1108.4971 | s2cid=119257644 | postscript=. }}</ref>

<ref name="Gagliuffi2021">{{cite journal | last1=Bardalez Gagliuffi | first1=Daniella C. |author-link1=Daniella Bardalez Gagliuffi | last2=Faherty | first2=Jacqueline K. | last3=Li | first3=Yiting | last4=Brandt | first4=Timothy D. | last5=Williams | first5=Lauryn | last6=Brandt | first6=G. Mirek | last7=Gelino | first7=Christopher R. | display-authors=1 | title=14 Her: A Likely Case of Planet–Planet Scattering | journal=The Astrophysical Journal Letters | date=1 December 2021 | volume=922 | issue=2 | at=L43 | arxiv=2111.06004 | bibcode=2021ApJ...922L..43B | bibcode-access=free | doi=10.3847/2041-8213/ac382c | doi-access=free }}</ref>

<ref name=perkins1989>{{citation
 | title=The Perkins catalog of revised MK types for the cooler stars
 | last1=Keenan | first1=Philip C. | last2=McNeil | first2=Raymond C.
 | journal=Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series
 | volume=71 | pages=245 | year=1989 | postscript=.
 | bibcode=1989ApJS...71..245K | doi=10.1086/191373 }}</ref>

<ref name="press release">{{cite press release | title=14 Herculis: A NEW EXTRASOLAR PLANET DISCOVERED AT THE HAUTE PROVENCE OBSERVATORY | author=Elisabeth Teichmann | date=1998-07-06 | publisher=L'Observatoire de Haute-Provence | location=France | url=http://www.obs-hp.fr/www/nouvelles/14her.html | access-date=2022-01-01 }}</ref>

<ref name="wittenmyer">{{cite journal | display-authors=1 |first1=Robert A. | last1=Wittenmyer | last2=Endl | first2=Michael | last3=Cochran | first3=William D. | date=January 2007 | title=Long-Period Objects in the Extrasolar Planetary Systems 47 Ursae Majoris and 14 Herculis | journal=The Astrophysical Journal | volume=654 | issue=1 | pages=625–632 | arxiv=astro-ph/0609117 | bibcode=2007ApJ...654..625W | bibcode-access=free | doi=10.1086/509110 | doi-access=free | s2cid=14707902 }}</ref>

<ref name="Gozdziewski2006">{{cite journal |author=Goździewski, K. |author2=Konacki, M. |author3=Maciejewski, A. J.|title=Orbital Configurations and Dynamical Stability of Multiplanet Systems around Sun-like Stars HD 202206, 14 Herculis, HD 37124, and HD 108874 |journal=[[The Astrophysical Journal]] |volume=645 |issue=1 |pages=688–703 |date=2006 |bibcode=2006ApJ...645..688G |doi=10.1086/504030|arxiv = astro-ph/0511463 |s2cid=15012577 |url=http://authors.library.caltech.edu/5547/1/GOZapj06.pdf }}</ref>

<ref name=Rosenthal2021>{{citation|arxiv=2105.11583|year=2021|title=The California Legacy Survey. I. A Catalog of 178 Planets from Precision Radial Velocity Monitoring of 719 Nearby Stars over Three Decades|last1=Rosenthal|first1=Lee J.|last2=Fulton|first2=Benjamin J.|last3=Hirsch|first3=Lea A.|last4=Isaacson|first4=Howard T.|last5=Howard|first5=Andrew W.|last6=Dedrick|first6=Cayla M.|last7=Sherstyuk|first7=Ilya A.|last8=Blunt|first8=Sarah C.|last9=Petigura|first9=Erik A.|last10=Knutson|first10=Heather A.|last11=Behmard|first11=Aida|last12=Chontos|first12=Ashley|last13=Crepp|first13=Justin R.|last14=Crossfield|first14=Ian J. M.|last15=Dalba|first15=Paul A.|last16=Fischer|first16=Debra A.|last17=Henry|first17=Gregory W.|last18=Kane|first18=Stephen R.|last19=Kosiarek|first19=Molly|last20=Marcy|first20=Geoffrey W.|last21=Rubenzahl|first21=Ryan A.|last22=Weiss|first22=Lauren M.|last23=Wright|first23=Jason T.|journal=The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series |volume=255 |issue=1 |page=8 |doi=10.3847/1538-4365/abe23c |bibcode=2021ApJS..255....8R |s2cid=235186973 |doi-access=free }}</ref>

<ref name="Feng2022">{{cite journal |last1=Feng |first1=Fabo |last2=Butler |first2=R. Paul |display-authors=etal |date=August 2022 |title=3D Selection of 167 Substellar Companions to Nearby Stars |journal=[[The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series]] |volume=262 |issue=21 |page=21 |doi=10.3847/1538-4365/ac7e57 |arxiv=2208.12720 |bibcode=2022ApJS..262...21F |s2cid=251864022 |doi-access=free }}</ref>

<ref name="Butler2003">{{cite journal |last1=Butler |first1=R. Paul |display-authors=etal |date=January 2003 |title=Seven New Keck Planets Orbiting G and K Dwarfs |journal=[[The Astrophysical Journal]] |volume=582 |issue=1 |pages=455–466 |doi=10.1086/344570 |bibcode=2003ApJ...582..455B|doi-access=free }}</ref>

<ref name="Benedict2023">{{cite journal |last1=Benedict |first1=G. F. |last2=McArthur |first2=B. E. |display-authors=etal |date=May 2023 |title=The 14 Her Planetary System: Companion Masses and Architecture from Radial Velocities and Astrometry |journal=[[The Astronomical Journal]] |volume= 166|issue= 1|page=27 |doi= 10.3847/1538-3881/acd93a|arxiv=2305.11753 |bibcode=2023AJ....166...27B |doi-access=free }}</ref>

}}

== External links ==
* {{cite web |url=http://www.solstation.com/stars2/14her.htm |title=14 Herculis |access-date=2008-06-25 |work=SolStation}}
* {{cite web|url=http://planetquest1.jpl.nasa.gov/atlas/atlas_search.cfm |title=New Worlds Atlas |access-date=2008-06-25 |work=[[Jet Propulsion Laboratory]] |publisher=Planet Quest |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080612100938/http://planetquest1.jpl.nasa.gov/atlas/atlas_search.cfm |archive-date=12 June 2008 |url-status=dead }}
* {{cite encyclopedia |url=https://exoplanet.eu/catalog/14_her_b--77/ |title=Planet 14 Her b |author=Jean Schneider |date=2021 |encyclopedia=[[Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia]] |access-date=2021-01-01}}

{{14 Herculis}}
{{Stars of Hercules}}
{{Sky|16|10|24.31|+|43|49|3.5|59}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:14 Herculis}}
[[Category:Flamsteed objects|Herculis, 014]]
[[Category:Hercules (constellation)]]
[[Category:Henry Draper Catalogue objects|145675]]
[[Category:Hipparcos objects|079248]]
[[Category:Gliese and GJ objects|0614]]
[[Category:Durchmusterung objects|BD+44 2549]]
[[Category:K-type main-sequence stars]]
[[Category:Planetary systems with two confirmed planets]]