Editing 1543 in science

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The year '''1543 in [[science]]''' and [[technology]] includes the 1543 [[Nicolaus Copernicus]] publication ''[[De revolutionibus orbium coelestium]]'' (''On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres'') often cited as the beginning of the [[Scientific Revolution]],<ref name="auto">Juan Valdez, The Snow Cone Diaries: A Philosopher's Guide to the Information Age, p 367.</ref> and also includes many other events, some of which are listed here.

==Astronomy==
[[File:Nicolai Copernici torinensis De revolutionibus orbium coelestium.djvu|thumb|upright|''[[De revolutionibus orbium coelestium]]'' by Nicolaus Copernicus]]
* [[Nicolaus Copernicus]] publishes ''[[De revolutionibus orbium coelestium]]'' (''On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres'') in [[Nuremberg]], offering entirely abstract mathematical arguments for the existence of the [[heliocentric]] universe. It is often cited as the beginning of the [[Scientific Revolution]].<ref name="auto"/>

==Mathematics==
* [[Robert Recorde]] publishes ''[[The Ground of Arts|The Grounde of Artes, teaching the Worke and Practise of Arithmeticke, both in whole numbers and fractions]]'', one of the first printed elementary [[arithmetic]] textbooks in English and the first to cover [[algebra]]. It will go through around forty-five editions in the following century and a half.<ref>{{cite web|first=Stephen|last=Johnston|title=Recorde, Robert (c. 1512–1558)|work=[[Oxford Dictionary of National Biography]]|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2004|url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/23241|accessdate=2012-01-26|doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/23241}} {{ODNBsub}}</ref>
* [[Niccolò Fontana Tartaglia]] publishes a translation of [[Euclid]]'s ''[[Euclid's Elements|Elements]]'' into Italian, the first into any modern European language.

==Medicine==
[[Image:Vesalius Fabrica p184.jpg|thumb|upright|Illustration from ''[[De humani corporis fabrica]]'']]
* [[Andreas Vesalius]] publishes ''[[De humani corporis fabrica]]'' (''On the Fabric of the Human Body''), illustrated by [[Jan van Calcar]], in [[Basel]], revolutionizing the science of human [[anatomy]]. He includes an account of a successful experimental [[History of tracheal intubation#Tracheotomy|tracheotomy]] for [[artificial respiration]] of a canine subject.

==Technology==
* [[Ralf Hogge]], working for Rev. [[William Levett (vicar)|William Levett]], casts iron [[cannon]] at his [[blast furnace]] in the [[Sussex]] [[Weald]] of England.<ref>{{cite book|authorlink=James Burke (science historian)|first=James|last=Burke|title=Connections|location=London|publisher=Macmillan|year=1978|isbn=0-333-24827-9|page=166}}</ref>
* [[Lighthouse of Genoa]] completed in present form.<ref name="LighthouseDatabase">{{cite rowlett|itanw}}</ref>

==Births==
* [[Domenico Fontana]] (died [[1607 in science|1607]]), [[Switzerland|Swiss]]-born architect.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Theater that was Rome – Biography|url=https://library.brown.edu/projects/rome/people/0120/|website=library.brown.edu|accessdate=3 April 2018}}</ref>
* ''approximate date'' – [[William Clowes (surgeon)|William Clowes]] (died [[1604 in science|1604]]), English [[surgeon]].

==Deaths==
* January 3 – [[Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo]] (born c. 1499), [[Portugal|Portuguese]] explorer.
* May 24 – [[Nicolaus Copernicus]] (born 1473), [[Kingdom of Poland (1385–1569)|Polish]] [[astronomer]].

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:1543 in science| ]]
[[Category:16th century in science]]
[[Category:1540s in science]]